Reading Flashcards
conservation
care, husbandry, protection
preservation
urban
relating to towns and cities
habitat
the natural environment of an organism
patch
a small piece, scrap, or area of anything
rural
of, relating to, or characteristic of the country, country life, or country people (روستایی)
extinction
انقراض
contrasting
different from each other
predation
act of plundering or robbing
rarely
not often.
OPP frequently
shrub
a woody plant smaller than a tree
predator
an animal that kills and eats other animals
OPP prey
residential
designed for people to live in
suburben
susceptible
مستعد، حساس
susceptible to disease
compensate
to replace or balance the effect of something bad, جبران
struggle
to try extremely hard to achieve (fight) something
penetrate
diffuse, to enter the interior of
conceal
to hide; cover or keep from sight:
precipitation
rain, snow etc that falls on the ground
roam
to walk or travel
conquer
overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force
reign
the period when someone is king
spread
the extent, width, or area covered by something
outlived
to live
major
important, serious, or significant
breakthrough
any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase (پیشرفت غیرمنتظره)
prominent
outstanding, important
cosmos
the world or whole universe
revolve
to turn around or rotate
circumference
محیط، پیرامون (ریاضی)
roughly
about, approximentely
concepts
idea, theory
flourish
to develop well and be successful
enormous
huge, massive
statue
مجسمه
gigantic
very great size
Winged
having wings for flight
naval
relating to a navy or navies (دریایی)
crowning
مهمترین، تاج گداری کردن
enormous
very large in size, quantity, or extent
harbor
بندرگاه
participant
a person who takes part in something
in effect
effectively
bias
تعصب
prejudice
تعصب
either
one or the other
exposed
to lay open to something specified (در معرض)
conceal
to hide; withdraw or remove from observation; cover or keep from sight:
taste
flavor
blindfold
prevent to see
flaw
defect; fault
cue
signal, sign
assure
ensure
placebo
a substance having no pharmacological effect but given merely to satisfy a patient who supposes it to be a medicine.
prone
متمایل
determinant
تعیین کننده
productivity
بهره وری
attitude
opinion and feeling about something
incentive
encouragement, motivation
expectation
a strong belief that something will happen
hope, prediction
quota
a limited or fixed number or amount of people or things
سهم
major
larger part/number, very importante
attain
achieve, accomplish, reach, obtain, gain
merchandise
goods to be bought and sold
stock
سهام
strive
try hard
dedication
hard work and effort that someone puts into an activity
prospective
of or in the future
career
تخصص، دوره، دوره زندگی
attitude
opinion, viewpoint
particularly
especially, exclusively
occupational
professional
executive
hief, head, director
novelist
writer, author
survey
look at, look over, observe
crumble
break or fall apart into small fragments
weathering
فرسایش
disintegration
تجزیه
erosion
فرسایش
dissipate
disperse or scatter
از هم پاشیدن، پراکنده شدن
corrosive
erosive خورنده
tending to cause corrosion
decay
decomposition, پوسیدگی
pyrite
FeSO4
sediment
رسوب
excessive
more than is necessary
culprit
a person who is responsible for a crime or other misdeed
مقصر
pace
step, سرعت
seep
flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes تراوش
swift
happening quickly or promptly
rapid
Literature
ادبیات
terse
brief, short
fiction
novels, stories
bull
گاو نر
elderly
aged, old
prose
written language in its ordinary form, نثر
OPP poetry
reputation
شهرت
straightforward
simple
embellishment
decoration, آرایش
wordiness
excessive use of words
لفاظی
criticism
انتقاد
reliance
اعتماد
dependence on or trust in someone or something
modifiers
معرف، توصیف کننده (مثل صفت و قید)
struggle
to try very hard
strife
truble betwen two or more people,
conflict
chaos
disorder, disarray
moral
اخلاقی
inevitable
certain, impossible to avoid
perseverance
persistence, determination, استقامت
dignity
self respect, شان، مرتبه
prevalent
usual, common
refuge
stronghold, پناهگاه
speculate
to guess, suspect
metaphor
استعاره
reluctant
unwilling and hesitant
utility
usefulness, benefit
rational
reasonable
perceive
to understand
charity
صدقه
relief
تسکین
ailment
illness, disease, sickness
frame
قاب، چهارچوب
بیان کردن
misperception
سوتفاهم
crowd
a large group of people, population
misinterpret
misunderstand
wealth
ثروت
diminish
decrease
trend
tendency, movement
روند ، گرايش ، تمايل
disregard
pay no attention to, ignore
Outbreak
the sudden or violent start of something unwelcome, such as war, disease, etc شیوع
amoeba
موجود تک سلولی
rare
unusual
pond
a body of water smaller than a lake
استخر
domestic
داخلی، خانگی
recreational
تفریحی
stagnation
having stopped, as by ceasing to run or flow
رکود، ایستایی
propagate
to separate an idea رواج دادن
to multiply by any process of natural reproduction تکثیر شدن
perceivable
قابل درک
intelligible
cliff
rock
shrink
become smaller
OPP grow
literally
exactly, precisely, actually, really
sake
purpose, reason, aim
hygiene
بهداشت
gym
سالن ورزش
frequented
most visited
commoner
رعیت
OPP nobility
election
vote
debate
discussion
plot
plan
catch up
جبران کردن
feasible
possible
foresee
predict, anticipate
residence hall
dormitory
embarrassing
shaming, shameful
doubt
uncertainty, unsureness, indecision
شک کردن
custodial
نگهبانی
vast
huge, expensive, wide
campaign
کمپین
beverage
drink
revenue
income
درآمد
exposure
در معرض قرار گرفتن
audience
listeners, viewers
blimp
بالن
shark
کوسه
jaw
فک
assignment
تکلیف، وظیفه
slit
cut, شکاف، درز
jerky
نامنظم
sophisticate
advanced, modern
mounted
fixed, نصب شده
chain
زنجیر
crank
میل لنگ، دسته محور
drum
طبل، ظرف استوانه ای شکل
chilean
اهل شیلی
N. Chile
engage
involve
allude
mention, refer to
quote
cite, refer, recall
نقل قول
pull of
To get away with something
due day
روز موعود
panic
be alarmed, be scared, be nervous
meticulous
careful, conscientious
inspection
examination, checkup
strap
بند
hang around
وقت گذراندن
backpack
bag, کوله پشتی
phew
used as an exclamation to express disgust, exhaustion, surprise, impatience, relief, etc.
mucous
مخاط بینی
nasal
related to nose
olfactory
sense of smell
bulb
- onion
2. light bulb
hemorrhage
خونریزی
necrosis
death of living tissues
بافت مرده
tissue
بافت
symptom
sign
emerge
appear
vomit
استفراغ کردن
nausea
حالت تهوع
fever
تب
dwelling
home, house
residual
باقی مانده
proliferate
increase rapidly, grow rapidly
contaminate
infect
municipal
- شهرداری
2. urban شهری
invade
attack
futile
pointless
OPP worthwhile
biodiversity
تنوع زیستی
fluctuation
change, shift, alteration
tolerant
able to endure
assess
evaluate, judge, judge
broadcast
show, air on TV
convey
transport or carry to a place
intend
planned or meant
humorous
funny and enjoyable, amusing
respondent
someone who answer questions
competitor
رقیب
extent
the area covered by something
amount, size, degree
وسعت ، اندازه
efficacy
effectiveness
consumption
the using up of a resource
span
extent, length
degenerative
مخرب
فاسد کننده
worm
کرم
evidence
fact, sign, witness
مدرك
longevity
طول عمر
starch
نشاسته
secrete
produce، ترشح
obesity
fatness
deprivation
lake of something that you need in order to be healthy
restrict
limit
intake
an amount of food, air, or another substance taken into the body
lengthened
make or become longer
extension
make bigger or longer
deprive
محروم کردن
inflammation
التهاب
arthritis
آرتروز
Alzheimer’s
آلزایمر
cereals
غلات و حبوبات
compromise
مصالحه کردن
endanger
stiff
سفت
affix
stick, attach, or fasten (something) to something else
vein
رگ
ligament
رباط (بدن)
artery
شاه رگ
deterioration
زوال
Eager
enthusiastic
Saturn
زحل
identical
exactly same, very similar
manner
method, way
coalesce
come together and form one mass or whole
fuse
puddle
a small pool of any liquid
mimic
تقلید کردن
equator
خط استوا
convergence
همگرایی
attribute
صفت ، نسبت دادن
hone
sharpen, به حد عالی رساندن
infest
infect
crisis
بحران
Equity
برابری
distress
anguish, suffering, pain
compel
to force someone to do something
realm
kingdom, country, land
argue
بحث کردن
reveal
آشکار کردن
OPP conceal
Critic
منتقد
reviewer
confrontational
مقابله جو
conflict
تضاد، کشمکش
presume
assume
quirk
a peculiar behavioral habit خصلت
stem
ساقه، دودمان
oversimplify
ساده گرفتن
despite
against, even with
با وجود، بااينكه
expenditure
spending, paying out
subconscious
نیمه هوشیار، غیر ارادی
shiver
shake, لرزیدن
conversely
در مقابل
trigger
به راه انداختن
constrict
تنگ کردن
Terrestrial
زمینی
sweat
عرق کردن
Rodent
جوندگان
saliva
بزاق
harsh
hard, sharp
sustain
maintain
conscious
aware, awake, هوشیار
core
most important part, هسته، مرکز
reptile
خزنده
bask
حمام آفتاب گرفتن
era
a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic
age, period
depression
افسردگی، رکود
bunch
a group of things
crop
product, (محصول (کشاورزی
dust
گرد و خاک
glimpse
a quick look at something
نگاه سریع
arduous
دشوار، سخت
rag
پاره پاره، ژنده
anxiety
concern, اضطراب
despair
ناامیدی
depict
to describe or show something
satisfaction
رضایت
encounter
to experience something, meeting
رويارويي ، روياروي شدن
meeting
گرایش، توجه
suppress
سرکوب کردن
contribution
مشارکت
laid off
اخراج
wage
payment, salary
confident
self-assured, assured, مطمئن
hinder
prevent
genre
category, ژانر
flatter
praise, چابلوسی کردن, تملق کردن
meal
وعده غذایی
hectic
very busy or full of activity
dilemma
دوراهی، سردرگمی
establish
set up, start, initiate
establishment
a shop
dining facility
نهارخوری
sink
فرو رفتن، غرق شدن
volcano
آتشفشان
chiefly
mainly, mostly
algae
جلبک
respective
قابل احترام
جداگانه، به ترتیب
primate
mammal
knuckle
پنجه پا
dominent
most important, powerful
mate
همسر
sibling
a brother or sister
brute
بی رحم، خشن
strength
powerful
OPP weakness
overthrown
remove forcibly from power. سرنگون
tough
strong
خشن ، شديد، زمخت ، سخت ، دشوار
hierarchy
سلسله مراتب
Chimp
Chimpanzee
stumble
تلو تلو خوردن
kerosene
نفت سفید
fist
مشت
terrify
cause to feel extreme fear, وحشت زده کردن
barely
hardly, به سختی
retailer
خرده فروشی
conciseness
N. brief
adj concise
glance
a brief or hurried look
yank
a sudden hard pull
resistance
مقاومت
snap
to break suddenly
cord
rope, string, طناب
manipulate
handle or control, دستکاری
breed
pp bred
پرورش دادن، نژاد
pest
آفت
barrier
مانع، حایل
strain
نژاد
repellant
محافظ، ماده ای که حشرات را دور نگه می دارد
consume
eat, drink or ingest
Hessian fly
حشره گندم خوار
portion
part, piece
lay
put, place
wheat
گندم
hatched
از تخم بیرون آمدن
impend
قریب الوقوع
trait
ویژگی
severe
very great, intense
repel
عقب نشاندن
alfalfa
یونجه
bean
لوبیا
vulnerable
آسیب پذیر
rougher
ناهموار
OPP smooth
sterile
عقیم
drastically
extreme and sudden
render
provide
cattle
گاو
wound
زخم
avert
prevent
deter
منصرف کردن
streamlined
ساده و موثرتر کردن
deviation
انحراف
norm
هنجار
indicator
شاخص
warn
هشدار دادن
pose
مطرح كردن ، گذاردن ، قراردادن ، اقامه كردن ، ژست گرفتن
Staff
employees
resign
استعفا دادن
complaint
شکایت کردن
savvy
experienced, clever
intuitive
based on what one feels, حسی
forage
تغذیه
peak
قله، اوج
plateau
a large flat area tha is higher than land around
فلات
hill
تپه
stir up
shake up, foment, wake, instigate
controversy
جنجال
lumber
الوار