Reading Flashcards
What does Well Services QHSE standard outline?
Basic rules and procedures that should implemented at all well services operations
What is the objective of the well services standard?
Prevent injury to schlumberger and third party personnel, damage to equipment involved with well site operations, and ensuring delivery of the best serve quality possible.
What does standard 5 apply to?
All well services wellsite operations.
How to you get an exemption to Standard 5?
- Complete hazard assessment and perform risk control as outlined in QHSE Standard 20: Hazard Analysis and Risk Control; 2. appropriate risk-mitigation measures are discussed and put in place
Define an API approved machine shop
- Supplier has Certificate of Authority to use the Official API Monogram for API Spec 6A ; 2. Certificate of Authority contains: the license number (6A-XXXX), name of company, that company meets API Spec 6A, and an expiration date
Define Bleed Off
The releasing of pressure from the well services treating lines with wellhead closed; in the case of cementing or miscellaneous pumping when the casing or tubing is sealed off
Define Circulation
The movement of pumped fluids into and out of the well through Well Services treating equipment with minimum entry of reservoir fluids
Energized Fluid
Fluid being pumped which contains or has gas of any type being injected at concentrations of 0-100 percent (i.e. N2 or CO2)
Flow Back
The return of reservoir fluids with the well and reservoir open
Fluids
Any liquid which pumped with a mechanical pump
KSQR
Key Service Quality Requirements
Line Management
Anyone in a management role, such as engineer-in-charge, FSM, district manager, etc. A cell leader does not qualify as a line manager.
Logistics and support personnel
Anyone not line management that provides support to field operations: bulk plant, laboratory, engineering, maintenance, etc.
Priming
The act of completely filling pumps with liquid that is being pumped
Pressure-Control Equipment (Critical Pressure control equipment)
Any pressure-control equipment that is designed for creating or maintaining wellbore pressure while attached to the well head. Examples for stim-frac heads, tree savers, etc.
Reservoir Fluids
Any fluids (water, oil, gas) produced from an underground reservoir
Simultaneous Operations
Operations being performed on the same well or wellsite, at the same time
Treating Equipment
Any component that will contain or control fluids under any pressure.
Treating Iron
Refers to components of treating equipment made out of steel
Wellhead
The part of the wellhead which belongs to a client and to which well services is expected to connect to perform the contracted service
Wellsite
A field location that has one or more wellheads or rigs
LTO
License To Operate is a minimum set of requirements which are mandatory for any operations in well services
What does third-party supplied equipment require?
- Needs to meet the requirements of Std 5 except where noted within the std or other stds; 2. In general, for pressure-containing equipment, a Certificate of Conformity (CoC) and evidence of current certification is required.
What are the main job supervisor duties at a wellsite?
- They are the point of contact at the wellsite with the client and any involved third parties; 2. Perform and document formal shift handovers with sign-offs
What do you do if any type of treating equipment is exposed to a pressure greater than 110 percent of the working pressure?
Remove the components from service immediately and destroy.
What if treating equipment is exposed to a pressure greater than 102.5 percent but equal to or below 110 percent of its working pressure?
Remove the components from service and contact InTouch for direction from the HQ HSE manager or HQ technique manager.
What if treating equipment is exposed to a pressure equal or less than 102.5percent of its maximum working pressure?
It can still be used.
What does an engineer have to do if there is an over pressure incident?
All overpressure incidents must be reported in QUEST as per SLB QHSE S002, (SQ/PQ)
What to do if standard service treating equipment is exposed to H2S during any type of operation?
Iron must be immediately removed and destroyed
What do you do if it is necessary to remove a pump from service while the job is on-going or you need to maintain pressure on the lines?
Always assume that pressure can bleed back from the high pressure side to the low pressure side so, Isolate the pump.
What are the steps to Isolating a pump?
- Bring the pump to idle and neutral, and set the brake; 2. Shutdown the pump’s engine after idling for five minutes; 3. Close the isolation (plug valve) between the pump; and the high pressure manifold; 4. If not already done, connect a circulation hose to the bleed assembly to direct fluids away from the pump and personnel. Do not use a valve on the opposite end of the hose. Ensure that the opposite end is firmly secured; 5. Bleed off the pressure on the pump by opening the master bleed valve and then slowly opening the control bleed valve, wait until all pressure is released; 6. Slowly close the pump’s suction isolation (Butterfly/flapper) valve.
When should the Job Risk Index (JRI) be completed?
Prior to load out or dispatching of personnel or equipment.
Who should review the JRI?
Review JRI with the Job Supervisor and direct line management (as a minimum, the engineer in charge or FSM), preferably prior to leaving for the wellsite
What should the job supervisor do at wellsite related to the JRI?
- Survey the site and identify any hazards; 2. Review JRI and relevant contingency plans, and perform Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to document any additional hazards and risk control measures; 3. Reduce or eliminate any risks to an acceptable level and communicate the remaining risks to all personnel on location; 4. Review the JRI and JSA with the crew members, client representative, and involved third parties
What are some examples of contingency plans?
equipment failure; chemical leaks; line parting; procedures in case of accident or emergency; change in pumping schedule; change in down hole conditions; calculating the casing lift pressure for surface or conductor jobs, advising the client if calculations show casing may be lifted, and ensuring that the client secures the casing if required
When should the casing be secured?
Casing pressure should be secured if the differential pressure is higher than the minimum casing lifted pressure
What can engineer/supervisor/client do before each stage/shift?
Perform and document a peer review of the job design before handing over to the job supervisor
What general wellhead information is needed for a job?
- type and size of the well connection; 2. pressure rating of the wellhead; 3. size, weight, threads, and configuration of tubular/casing (Wellhead and tubular/casing ratings shall be within job-design specifications); 4. confirmation that the wellhead is not leaking
What is included in the Prejob information package ?
- Materials and equipment needed; 2. directions to location; 3. wellhead information; 4. treatment procedure, including load-out calculations; 5. Prejob checklist; 6. any known job site hazards; 7. HARC and KSQR Job Risk Index (JRI) reviewed with line management
How does one determine what PPE is required?
Depends on 1. types of fluids or chemicals in use, 2. according to section 8 of the MSDS, 3. the C-HARC defined in WS QHSE Standard 18: Chemical Production Management
What type of boots are allowed in SLB per standard 5.7.4?
Lace up boots are preferred for better ankle support.
What do you do if a line walk is required during pressure test, when pressure is being applied?
The pump must be placed in neutral and the pump operator confirms this before allowing personnel entry; all personnel must be confirmed out of the area prior to continuing test
Which standard/guideline provides information about restrictions on access to the high pressure area?
WS QHSE Standard 5 Guideline 6
What is Working at Heights ?
Working in any area where there is a change in elevation regardless of the height of the change; changes in elevation must be identified and considered within the HARC;
What is required when working at heights above 6 ft (2 m)?
A full body harness with automatic safety brake unless handrails are in place around all open sides.
What are the (7) prohibited practices?
- Never exceed the working pressure of any treating equipment components; 2. never strike a union under pressure with a hammer; 3. never tighten bolts on a connection that is under pressure; 4. never strike a bulk container with a hammer, rubber mallet, or any other object; 5. Never stop pumping without the direction instructions or approval of the job supervisor; 6. Never perform any welding on treating equipment that could be installed on the discharge side of a positive displacement pump; 7. Never rent or lend treating equipment to the rig or client without an associated Well Services operation
Well service employees can preform duties other than the ones associated with their specific WS portion of the treatment. For example, WS employees can help install casing or tubing, racking of pipe or troubleshooting, maintenance or repair or client wellheads. T/F?
FALSE
What are the (12) required practices?
- the client must be present or provide written permission before well services personnel operate the wellhead valves, remove part of the wellhead or release wellhead pressure; 2. During well services portion of the well treatment, only the well services job supervisor or an assigned, competent person is permitted to operate Well Services valves; 3. There must be a clear understanding of safety procedures and communication signals between the well services job supervisor and the person operating high pressure isolation valves (2 way radios); 4. Prior to pumping any type of ball through a swivel joint, drift test the swivels with a ball of the largest diameter to be pumped. Only use those swivels which allow the ball to pass through freely; 5. Shut down any radio frequency (RF) sources, when required, during perforating operations; 6. Any leaks from WS equipment must be collected and properly disposed. Requires use of drip pans or some equivalent form of containment beneath WS equipment; 7. Smoking or open flames on location are permitted only in areas assigned by the job supervisor; 8. All WS containers , boxes, and trash must be removed from the wellsite after each job is completed; 9. Risks associated with being on top of tanks for the purpose of measuring fluids must be identified. Each operating location is responsible for establishing, communicating, and implementing procedures to minimize the risks; 10. pump operator must be able to see the main treating line pressure or be able to communicate directly with location personnel that can see the main treating line pressure; 11. Adequate lighting must be provided for any operations at night or in poor visibility; 12. Use of cell phones is permitted only in approved, designated areas.
What SLB QHSE standard deals with H2S?
SLB QHSE Standard 18
What type of treating equipment is needed when any H2S level above zero is used?
Treating equipment must comply with NACE MR0175 for the sulphide stress-cracking region
When does WS pump radioactive tracer materials?
Only if a qualified company licensed to handle radioactive tracers, provides all the handling and injection equipment; WS will not be responsible for any remaining radioactive material, disposal of any contaminated materials, productions, or equipment.
What must happen if well is open to atmosphere while WS equipment is connected, and it is anticipated that gas and/or reservoir hydrocarbons will be returned to the surface?
- Gas monitoring equipment is required at the well services equipment; 2. continuous monitoring is required; 3. Set low-level alarm at 10percent of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) or Lower Flammability Level (LFL); 4. If low level alarm is heard, stop all engines and sources of ignition. Move all personnel away from the area until the gas level decreases below the 10 percent level
What equipment identification and labeling must be done?
- Mark the working pressure in white, 1 in (2.4 cm) letters on the front of the fluid end; 2. Paint the indicator bars on the bonnet of the valve a different color from the valve so that it can clearly be determined whether the valve is in the open or closed position
How many types of Burst discs valves are there?
5
Which type of Burst disc is used for cementing?
Blue with a pressure rating of 5000 Psi
When a pump has a max pressure rating up to 7499 psi, what type of Burst disk is used?
10000 psi
When a pump has a max pressure rating between 7500 and 12499 psi, what Burst disk pressure rating is used?
15000 psi
When a pump has a max pressure rating greater than or equal to 12500 psi, what type of Burst disk pressure rating is used?
22500 psi
Can a trailer be pulled by another tractor/trailer combination?
No
Which type of connections are allowed for towing?
Standard King pin/fifth wheel connection
Which types of connections are NOT allowed for towing?
Pintle hook or ball hitch
What distance and direction must equipment be placed from wellhead?
Unless prohibited by location size, 60 ft upwind or crosswind from wellhead
What if you can’t place manned equipment (blender, sand chief, FracCAT) at least 60 ft from wellhead?
Obtain an exemption
What is the general rule for positioning equipment?
Position equipment to provide free movement of personnel and unobstructed escape paths in the event of an emergency.
What must be identified in high-pressure area?
High pressure area must be clearly identified and access restricted with warning tape or some other highly-visible barrier; while pumps are engaged strictly limit access to this area to only those people performing tasks critical to the completion of the pumping operation and only with direct approval of the job supervisor or designee. For land stimulation operations, follow Well services QHSE standard 5 guideline 06 for restriction on access to the high pressure area; Set up a sign at the entrance of the location warning the high-pressure operation are in progress.
What must be identified on pumping units?
When three or more pumping units are connected to a common line or manifold each pumping unit must be uniquely marked. Each remote control panel and the associated pumping unit must have the same marking; must be visible to personnel on location.
What safety equipment must pump have?
pressure gauges, transducers, over-pressure shutdowns, and emergency kill switches. If faulty these safety devices must be repaired before the unit can be sent to perform a job.
What are the pressure gauge requirements for pumping operations?
Must be two independent pressure gauges available to view; gauges must be checked against each other for calibration; during pressure testing both gauges should be observed intermittently during the pressure build up.
What is the purpose of Pressure-relief valves (PRVs)?
Used in treating lines to protect sub-surface and surface equipment from excessive pressures.
How many types of approved PRV designs are there according to standard 5?
5
Where should the relief valve be installed?
Between the pumps and the main treating line check valve on all jobs other than those with energized fluids.
Are swivels allowed in the discharge line of a PRV?
No
Should there ever be a valve at any point in the discharge line of a PRV?
No
Where should the relief valve be installed if an energized fluid is being pumped?
between fluid pump check valve and main treating line check valve
What is the only acceptable PRV for energized fluids?
Gas operated relief valve
What are the suction hose specifications?
28 inches of mercury vacuum to 100 psi pressure rating
What are the discharge hose specifications?
100 psi
Integral crimped-style hose connections are NOT acceptable for use.
FALSE; Integral crimped-style hose connections ARE acceptable for use.
Do NOT use clamp-on, quarter turn, or similar connections, e.g. Camlock connections, on any hoses or connections, except as described in ﾅ?
WS QHSE Standard 18: Chemical Product management Section 18.16
Why can’t you use a suction hose on the discharge side of any centrifugal pump?
Because the discharge of a C-pump is the suction of a positive displacement pump. If the Cpump can’t keep up a vacuum will be created.
What type of hose should be used to pneumatically transfer dry bulk materials?
Standard Discharge hose.
What should be used on all discharge hoses when pumping flammable fluids, acid, or other hazardous materials?
Hose Covers
Why should you never connect a suction or a discharge hose to the discharge side of any positive displacement pump?
Pressure is higher than 100 psi rating on hose. Therefore iron must be used.
What do you do to damage on wing lugs?
Regularly grind off damage as indicated in WS QHSE Standard 23: Testing and inspection of Treating Equipment section 23.8.3
What must be between the suction hose and the fluid source?
Positive shutoff valve
What do discharge hoses need for well stimulation jobs?
Positive shutoff valves on both ends of discharge hose.
What are you suppose to use when transferring liquids from one tank to another tank, or circulating a tank?
The fill line on the receiving tank to discharge fluid.
What do you do if there is no permanent fill line available on a tank or when you are discharging fluid through the top of the tank?
Rig up a temporary fill line using standard high pressure treating equipment; secure line to tank to ensure it doesn’t move; ensure the line extends close to the bottom of the tank
Why should you reduce the length of discharge hoses?
Minimize potential for cavitation and time for fluid to travel thru it.
What is the maximum rate for a 4 inch discharge hose?
10 bbl/min
What is the maximum rate for a 4 inch suction hose for blenders with separate suction pumps?
8 bbl/min
What is the maximum rate for an 8 inch suction hose?
35 bbl/min
What is the maximum rate for a 4 inch suction hose for POD blenders for each 20ft?
4 bbl/min
What is the maximum rate for an 8 inch suction hose for a POD blender?
20 bbl/min
What do you do if the pump rate is greater than the hose max specifications or longer than 20ft?
Use more an one parallel line
When connecting to a client’s connection, what is needed?
Evidence that the connection has been tested and certified within the previous 12 months.
What type of wellhead adapters are allowed to be used?
Integral construction wellhead adapters by an approved supplier; never use well head adapters made by screwing a union half onto a line pipe nipple of any sort
What is an integral connection?
A connection that is machined out of one piece of metal. For example, a tee or a 1502 tubing thread adapter where the 1502 union configurations are machined out of the same stock as the body of the connection
NPST
Non Pressure Seal Thread connection
When are threaded couplings allowed?
On connections when an independent seal such as an O ring is used. Example would be ACME connection in frac crosses
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer
SOI
Scheme of Inspection
When pumping energized or flammable fluids, do not exceed_____ percent of the rated working pressure
80 percent
What type of hoses can be used for high pressure applications (Cementing)?
- Coflexip high pressure hose; 2. Parker Hannifin Black Eagle/Phalcon hose; 3. the 8000psi version of Parker Hannifin Coalmaster hose (Parker P5675)
When should you really not use high-pressure hoses?
don’t use hose over the edge of a platform or sharp corner; use conventional iron or suspend the hose. Or use other protective material such as a piece of tire
What type of swivel joint should be used in rig up o allow hose to rotate freely?
3-way swivel
How do you secure a hose to the treating line?
attach the hose containment grip to the SPM clamp
What must you never pump or flow back through WS hoses?
Formation fluids, such as natural gas, condensate, crude oil, etc.
What is the maximum velocity of a fluid through treating iron?
45 ft/s
What is the most common outer diameter size of iron used in stimulation?
3 inch
What is the Max working pressure and recommended max flow rate for 3 inch iron?
15000 psi and 20 bbl/min
How are max working pressure and recommended max flow rate related?
Inversely, the higher the working pressure, the lower the flow rate.
What is the max working pressure for 4 inch iron with a 40 bbl/min flow rate?
10000psi
What is the max working pressure for 4 inch iron with a 25 bbl/min flow rate?
15000psi
What is the maximum flow rate for 2 inch 20000psi max working pressure iron?
4.5 bbl/min
What is the maximum flow rate for 2 inch 15000 psi max working pressure iron?
8.5 bbl/min
What type of iron has 4.5 bbl/min max flow rate and 15000 psi working pressure?
1.5 inches
What does a change in elevation require?
A 3-ckisan configuration; A minimum of 1-three way ckisan and 2-two way ckisan
What does a change in direction require?
A 2-ckisan configuration (bridge); 2-two way ckisans OR 1-two way and 1-three way ckisan
What must lines from the pumps to the treating line or missile contain?
Isolation valve and bleed off assembly to enable movement without stiff connections
How many swivels/rotating rings does a change in elevation have?
7 swivels/rotating rings
How many swivels/rotating rings does a change in direction have?
4 swivels/rotating rings
Check valve
installed in every line as close to the well as possible; ensure the arrow on the check valve is pointed towards the well
What are the two types of check valves?
Flapper and dart-type
When do you use flapper check valves?
Whenever you are pumping slurries and/or solids
When do you use dart-type check valves
When pumping solid-free fluids or on all N2 or CO2 lines
What is included in a bleed off line?
- Two plug valves (either 2in X1in or 2inX2in); 2. fixed choke; 3. one joint of standard 1502 straight pipe that is 4ft or longer.
Which type of plug valves are preferred and why?
2in X1in because they are easier to open under pressure
What type of chokes are used?
positive choke nipple
What size choke do you use for a water based fluid?
Nothing larger than .5 inches
What size choke do you use for a n energized fluid or gases?
.25 inches
Why do you want smaller choke for energized fluids?
want better control and release less at once.
Never exceed the working pressure of the wellhead unless a _____is used.
Tree saver
Never attempt to make a connection to the top of a wellhead if the ______is leaking
Master valve
The ______on the wellhead above the _____ tree master valve must be released by the client prior to rig up.
pressure; Christmas
The master valve on the wellhead is not capable of acting as ______ _____ barrier when a tree saver is in use.
pressure control
How many ckisans make up a loop.
Two
What is the configuration when using loops in change in elevation?
There must be 3 ckisans for change in elevation; so minimum of two loops needed so that one loop has two ckisans on the rig floor
Why do you prime pumps?
To prevent cavitation and stress on the treating line.
Who can authorize pump engines to be started or pumps to be engaged?
WS Job Supervisor
When priming pumps or washing lines the _____ ______ _____ must be closed.
Wellhead master valve
What should the overpressure shutdowns be set to after ensuring that they function correctly?
1000 psi
Always start the priming in the ____ gear and with the engine at ____ speed.
Highest; idle
What can be used as a prime up return line to the blender?
treating iron or 2-inch 2500 psi WS hose
If a fluid is circulated back to a frac tank through a line with a butterfly valve what must happen?
valve handle secured in open position; use lockout/tag out procedures; don’t close without supervisor’s permission
What is the general rule for pressure tests?
Test lines to 1000 psi above maximum allowed treating pressure or to the working pressure of the iron, whichever is lower.
Pressure Test Acceptance Criteria
Maximum of 2.5 percent drop over a period of 3 minutes, where the pressure can clearly be seen to have leveled off within this time.
Always perform a ____ pressure test at ____ psi to ____psi before continuing to final pressure test to check for visible leaks.
Low; 300; 2000;
How to pressure test all components of the treating line including the bleed off line?
- Test control valve with master valve open (low pressure test to check for leaks); 2. Increase pressure and hold for 3 minutes or agreed time; 3. Close Master valve to test and open control valve. Hold for 3 minutes; 4. Close control valve, Open master valve and bleed off pressure in controlled manner.
How to release pressure thru bleed line?
- Close client master valve on wellhead; 2. Fully open master valve on bleed line; 3. slowly open control valve until open all the way and pressure released across choke; 4. Once pressure released from treating line, close control valve then master valve; 5. Open control valve again to release pressure between the valves
How do you prevent well fluids or gases from being accidently returned to well services equipment when left rigged up to client’s well?
Close the WS master valve and then close all the discharge valves on the units.
