Reading 2, Organizing, Visualizing, and Describing Data Flashcards
A) What is numerical/quantitative data?
B) Which two types can it be split into? Describe them.
A) Numerical data are values that represent measured or counted quantities.
B) Continuous and discrete data. Continuous data can be measured and take on any numerical value in a specified range of values. Discrete data are numerical values that result from a counting process and is limited to a finite number of values.
A) What is categorical data?
B) Name two types of categorical data. Describe them.
A) Categorical/qualitative data are values that describe a quality of characteristic of a group of observations.
B) Nominal and Ordinal data. Nominal data are not amenable to being organised in a logical order. Ordinal data can be logically ordered or ranked.
There are classification based on how data are collected.
A) Describe cross-sectional data.
B) Describe time-series data.
C) Describe panel data.
A) Cross-sectional data are a list of the observations of a specific variable from multiple observational units at a given point in time.
B) Time-series data are a sequence of observations for a single observational unit of a specific variable collected over time and of discrete and typically equally spaced intervals of time.
C) Panel data are a mix of time-series and cross-sectional data. Panel data consist of observations through time on one or more variables for multiple observational units.
A) What is absolute frequency?
B) What is relative frequency?
A) Absolute frequency is the actual number of observations counted for each unique value of a variable.
B) Relative frequency is the absolute frequency of each unique value of the variable divided by the total number of observations.
