Reading Flashcards
deliberately
به عمد، عمدا
Deprive
محروم کردن
Legitimate (adj)
مشروع
Imply (verb)
دلالت کردن
Suppressing (verb)
سرکوب کردن
Cardiovascular (adj)
قلبی عروقی
Congestive heart failure
نارسایی احتقانی قلبی
Parasite
انگل
intact
دست نخورده
substantial
قابل توجه
inside
containing
shaded
shady
moist
damp
not classed as a parasite
never parasitic
seen as
considered
special qualities
sense of calm, age and stillness
to dress wounds
as dressings on soldiers’ wounds
more intricate
more complex
made out of wood
constructed out of logs
majority of cities
most cities
poor sanitation
sewerage … so inadequate
the industrial era
during the industrial revolution
posed a health risk
source for the outbreak of disease
ancient
باستانی
Preservation
حفظ
Drastically
به شدت
A technique to preserve wines
heat wine to kill microbes
example of food
cheese, yoghurt… common examples
appeal
seen as desirable
how they are preserved
methods…the food being preserved
spoiled food continues to cause
Foods are susceptible to spoiling
illness
food poisoning is still common
preserved food eaten by soldiers
salt pork … to feed Roman armies
example of different preservation techniques working together
preserving jam, for example involves boiling … sugaring … sealing
Post-war
after the war
The allure
the attraction
source countries
countries that people are leaving
host countries
countries where migrants are going
oppression
in justice ( ظلم )
remittance
money sent as payment or as a gift
حواله
initiative
schemes ( ابتکار عمل )
established
implemented ( تاسیس شدن و پیاده سازی )
some countries
some governments
to refer to
to describe
skilled Europeans
Scientists … and technologist
to refer
to describe
to curb negative effects of brain drain
to retain or reduce skilled workers
genes play a role
50% genetically determined
taking a long-term view
work out a long term policy
being unhappy can affect a chemical
cortisol level 48% higher
people compliment us
praise for others
can not be achieve with out action
requires activity or action
negative experiences sometimes valuable
some pain are worthwhile
lead to future happiness
lead to greater pleasures
group of theories about of humor
types of theories …
good for us
very healthy
what function did comedy have?
comedy has been used as
royal courts
courts of the western kings
assess subjects
examine a person’s
unwilling to express their thoughts
reluctant to describe their thinking
based on the belief that
the assumption is that
according to their own specific perceptions of life
based on person-specific needs, motivate and conflicts
original aim was not
never intended
simultaneous (adj)
همزمان
incomplete part
oversimplified
significance
اهمیت
Researchers with differing attitude
Sceptics and advocated
agree on
concur on
constitute compelling evidence
شواهد قانع کننده را تشکیل می دهند
Brink of collapse
آستانه فروپاشی
suitable environment
Tranquillity in a relaxing ‘whole-field’ of light, sound and warmth
faint
ضعیف
swamped
تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتن
genuine
اصیل
transform
alter drastically
stems from
ناشی شدن از چیزی
سرچشمه گرفتن از چیزی
Esoteric ideas
ایده های اسرارآمیز
Quantum entanglement
درهم تنیدگی کوانتومی
Demonstrated entanglement
درهم تنیدگی اثبات شده
Prompted
indicate that something has led some researchers
Probing
to examine or explore
hit rate
success rate
creative and artistic people or musicians
careful selection of subjects
stayed perfectly unblemished
remained unblemished
thikness
ضخامت
flaws
faults
advantage
be effective
varying
virtually any
method
process
detecting
locating
study
a narrative history
enough food
self-sufficient
food
grain and livestock
human
land-hungry farmers and others
documentation
written account
limited
incomplete
consistent freezing
deep freez
very
intensely
cutting down
fell before the newcomers’ axes
discovered
explored
distinguish
recognize,
defining,
متمایز کردن
relationship
associated with, bondings
feelings
emotional responses
not appreciated
undervalued
difficulties of talking about
struggling to express
smells (noun)
olfactory (adj), odours
groups
other cultures
aware of
realize
importance (noun)
essential (adj)
damaged
impaired
experiment
test
without realizing it
even when not consciously considered
linguistic groups
languages
lack
not exist
don’t smell
odourless
unpleasent
offensive
not unpleasent
acceptable
regarded as
considered
Buildings
Property
Each year
every year
Receive fund from
Support from , backed by
Receive Financial Support
Funded By
Difficulty
stumbling Block
Removing
Extract
Create
Generate
Control
Guide
As a protection for the lasers
To stop the laser itself being struct
Never appreciate
unrecognized , unrewarded
Geniuses
Prodigies
Difficulties
Adversity
Failed to take into account
They are not norm-referenced
The same as
Similar to
Lessen
Minimize
Inevitable
اجتناب ناپذیر
Mutation
تطبیق دادن
Evolution
تکامل
Differences
Not in the same way
Improvement
Development
stable
Remain
Prolonging
Extend
In accordance with
According to
Principles
Laws
Environment
Environmental Conditions
Biological system
Leaving organism
Conserving Energy
Sparing use of energy reserves
Pupils
Student
Attainment
دستیابی
Elaboration
شرح و بسط
middle years-education
lower secondary school
format
pattern
less successful students
strugglers
key
major contributing factors
wider
greater
achivement
attainment
state-run lower secondary schools
state schools
well-organized
well set out
patiently
slowly
carfeully
with a lot of repetition and elaboration
supplementary
extra
effort
hard work
correct answer
accuracy
Lethal
کشنده
Resistance
مقاومت
Crop yield
عملکرد محصول
Not to be left behind
Don’t forget
Innate
ذاتی
Offspring
فرزندان
Synthetic chemical
ترکیبات شیمیایی
Entail
require , need , necessitate
Escalating perils
تشدید خطرات
Plague
blight
طاعون
Around the world
wide spread
Imbalance
disorder
بی نظمی
No longer responding to
have developed resistance to
Pesticide
potent chemical
Began to use
took to
Free from danger
safe
Ate
was devouring
بلعیدن
Blight
plagued - infest
Wiping out
eradication
ریشه کن کردن
Bait
طعمه
Oval
بیضی شکل
husk
پوسته
to surround
to encase
Aril
پوسته دانه جوز هندی
mace
پوسته جوز هندی
nutmeg
جوز هندی
lacy red
توری قرمز
crismon
زرشکی
former
اولی
latter
دومی
cuisine
آشپزی
trading company
commercial operation
uprooting
ریشه کن کردن
lime
آهک
fertile
بارور
plague
طاعون
cultivate
کشت کردن
grown
wipe out
destroy
best suits
appropriate
each trip
particular journey
robust
قوی
overcome
conquer
road collisions
motor accidents
تصلدفات جاده ای
schemes
initiative
ابتکارات عمل
viable
workable
قابل دوام
drop
reduce
travel independently
travel autonomy
infrastructure
زیر ساخت
intrinsic
ذاتی
daunting
دلهره آور
depleted forests
جنگل فرسوده
nomadic
عشایری
peculiar
odd, strange
عجیب و غریب
assumption
فرض
enquiring
پرس و جو کردن
fictional
تخیلی
delving
عمیق شدن
laboriously
به زحمت
scarcely
به ندرت
endeavor
effort
prominent
برجسته
declare
اعلام کردن
bias
تعصب
tribes
قبیله
continental voyages
سفرهای قاره ای
