Reading Flashcards
The Bermuda Triangle
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from “causes or reasons unknown.” The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America.
The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is it increase the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilot who were flying into storm clouds and simply got lost.
1. Which of the following describes this type of writing? A. Narrative B. Persuasive C. Expository D. Technical
Expository
The Bermuda Triangle
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from “causes or reasons unknown.” The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America.
The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is it increase the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilot who were flying into storm clouds and simply got lost.
2. Which of the following sentences is most representative of a summary sentence for this passage? A. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. B. The area that is called the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the possibility for more to go wrong. C. One of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon id deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle D. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle
D. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda Triangle
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from “causes or reasons unknown.” The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America.
The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is it increase the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilot who were flying into storm clouds and simply got lost.
3. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? A. There is no real mystery about the Bermuda Triangle because most events have reasonable explanations. B. Researchers are wrong to expand the focus of the Triangle to the Azores (Portugal place) because this increases the likelihood of accidents. C. The official statement of "causes or reasons unknowns" in the loss of the Navy planes was a deliberate (intentional, done on purpose) concealment (cover, hiding) from the Navy. D. Reducing the legends about the mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle will help to reduce the number of reported accidents or shipping losses in that region.
A. There is no real mystery about the Bermuda Triangle because most events have reasonable explanations.
The Bermuda Triangle
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from “causes or reasons unknown.” The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America.
The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is it increase the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilot who were flying into storm clouds and simply got lost.
4. Which of the following represents an opinion statement on the part of the author? A. The with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. B. The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to sort through the myth and locate the truth. C. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. D. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami to Puerto Rico and include the island of Bermuda.
A. The with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents.
As little as three years before her birth, few would have thought that the child born Princess Alexandrina Victoria would eventually become Britain’s longest monarch, Queen Victoria. She was born in 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, who was the fourth son of King George III. Ahead of Edward were three brothers, two of whom became king but none of whom produced a legitimate, , surviving heir, King George’s eldest son, who was eventually crowned King George IV, secretly married a Catholic commoner, Maria Fitzherbert, in 1783. The marriage was never officially recognized, and in 1795, George was persuaded to marry a distant cousin, Caroline of Brunswick. The marriage was bitter, and the two had only one daughter, Princess Charlotte Augusta. She was popular in England where her eventual reign was welcome, but in a tragic event that shocked the nation, the princess and her stillborn son dies in childbirth in 1817.
Realizing the precarious position of the British throne, the remaining sons of King George III were motivated to marry and produce an heir. The first in line was Prince Frederick, the Duke of York. Frederick married Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, but the two had no children. After Prince Frederick was Prince William, the Duke of Clarence. William married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, and they had two sickly daughters neither of whom survived infancy. Finally, Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent, threw his hat into the ring with his marriage to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. The Duke of Kent died less than a year after his daughter’s birth, but the surviving Duchess of Kent was not unaware of the future possibilities for her daughter. She took every precaution to ensure that the young Princess Victoria was healthy and safe throughout her childhood.
Princess Victoria’s uncle, William, succeeded his brother George IV to become King William IV. The new king recognized his niece as his future heir, but he did not necessarily trust her mother. As a result, he was determined to survive until Victoria’s eighteenth birthday to ensure that she could rule in own right without the regency of the Duchess of Kent. The king’s fervent prayers were answered: he died June, 1837, less than one month after Victoria turned eighteen. Through young and inexperienced, the young queen recognized the importance of her position and determined to rule fairly and wisely. The improbable princess who became queen ruled for more than sixty-three years, and her reign is considered to be one of the most important in British history.
1. Which of the following is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the information in the passage above? A. Victoria's long reign provided the opportunity for her to bring balance to England and right the wrongs that had occurred during the reigns of her uncles. B. It was the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta that motivated the remaining princes (the sons of King George III; the brothers of the princess) to marry and start families. C. The Duke of Kent had hoped for a son but was delighted with his good fortune in producing the surviving heir that his brothers had failed to produce. D. King William IV was unreasonably suspicious of the Duchess of Kent's motivations, as she cared only for her daughter's well-being.
B. It was the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta that motivated the remaining princes (the sons of King George III; the brothers of the princess) to marry and start families.
As little as three years before her birth, few would have thought that the child born Princess Alexandrina Victoria would eventually become Britain’s longest monarch, Queen Victoria. She was born in 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, who was the fourth son of King George III. Ahead of Edward were three brothers, two of whom became king but none of whom produced a legitimate, , surviving heir, King George’s eldest son, who was eventually crowned King George IV, secretly married a Catholic commoner, Maria Fitzherbert, in 1783. The marriage was never officially recognized, and in 1795, George was persuaded to marry a distant cousin, Caroline of Brunswick. The marriage was bitter, and the two had only one daughter, Princess Charlotte Augusta. She was popular in England where her eventual reign was welcome, but in a tragic event that shocked the nation, the princess and her stillborn son dies in childbirth in 1817.
Realizing the precarious position of the British throne, the remaining sons of King George III were motivated to marry and produce an heir. The first in line was Prince Frederick, the Duke of York. Frederick married Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, but the two had no children. After Prince Frederick was Prince William, the Duke of Clarence. William married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, and they had two sickly daughters neither of whom survived infancy. Finally, Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent, threw his hat into the ring with his marriage to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. The Duke of Kent died less than a year after his daughter’s birth, but the surviving Duchess of Kent was not unaware of the future possibilities for her daughter. She took every precaution to ensure that the young Princess Victoria was healthy and safe throughout her childhood.
Princess Victoria’s uncle, William, succeeded his brother George IV to become King William IV. The new king recognized his niece as his future heir, but he did not necessarily trust her mother. As a result, he was determined to survive until Victoria’s eighteenth birthday to ensure that she could rule in own right without the regency of the Duchess of Kent. The king’s fervent prayers were answered: he died June, 1837, less than one month after Victoria turned eighteen. Through young and inexperienced, the young queen recognized the importance of her position and determined to rule fairly and wisely. The improbable princess who became queen ruled for more than sixty-three years, and her reign is considered to be one of the most important in British history.
2. What is the author's likely purpose in writing this passage about Queen Victoria? A. To persuade the reader to appreciate the accomplishments of Queen Victoria, especially when placed against the failures of her forebears B. To introduce the historical impact of the Victorian Era by introducing to readers the Queen who gave that era its name C. To explain how small events in history placed an unlikely princess in line to become the queen of England. D. To indicate the role that King George III's many sons played in changing the history of England.
C. To explain how small events in history placed an unlikely princess in line to become the queen of England.
As little as three years before her birth, few would have thought that the child born Princess Alexandrina Victoria would eventually become Britain’s longest monarch, Queen Victoria. She was born in 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, who was the fourth son of King George III. Ahead of Edward were three brothers, two of whom became king but none of whom produced a legitimate, , surviving heir, King George’s eldest son, who was eventually crowned King George IV, secretly married a Catholic commoner, Maria Fitzherbert, in 1783. The marriage was never officially recognized, and in 1795, George was persuaded to marry a distant cousin, Caroline of Brunswick. The marriage was bitter, and the two had only one daughter, Princess Charlotte Augusta. She was popular in England where her eventual reign was welcome, but in a tragic event that shocked the nation, the princess and her stillborn son dies in childbirth in 1817.
Realizing the precarious position of the British throne, the remaining sons of King George III were motivated to marry and produce an heir. The first in line was Prince Frederick, the Duke of York. Frederick married Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, but the two had no children. After Prince Frederick was Prince William, the Duke of Clarence. William married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, and they had two sickly daughters neither of whom survived infancy. Finally, Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent, threw his hat into the ring with his marriage to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. The Duke of Kent died less than a year after his daughter’s birth, but the surviving Duchess of Kent was not unaware of the future possibilities for her daughter. She took every precaution to ensure that the young Princess Victoria was healthy and safe throughout her childhood.
Princess Victoria’s uncle, William, succeeded his brother George IV to become King William IV. The new king recognized his niece as his future heir, but he did not necessarily trust her mother. As a result, he was determined to survive until Victoria’s eighteenth birthday to ensure that she could rule in own right without the regency of the Duchess of Kent. The king’s fervent prayers were answered: he died June, 1837, less than one month after Victoria turned eighteen. Through young and inexperienced, the young queen recognized the importance of her position and determined to rule fairly and wisely. The improbable princess who became queen ruled for more than sixty-three years, and her reign is considered to be one of the most important in British history.
3. Based on the context of the passage the reader can infer that this information is likely to appear in which of the following types of works? A. A scholarly paper B. A mystery C. A fictional story D. A biography
D. A biography
In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth’s cousin and one time rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scotts, James was crowded King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would create a spirit of conflict that hunted the two nations for generations to come.
The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century area far too hasty to dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart’s succession to the English people had firmly embrace the teachings of Protestant theology. Similarly, The Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic fate. James acknowledged the Church of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears his name
James’s son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were suspicious among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic. Charles’s own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles’s II would be crowded, and this Charles believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church, Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II.
James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall. James’s wife Mary Beatrice lost number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned, if James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James’s heir was a founding smuggled in .James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James’s Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen.
In spite of a strong resemblance to the King, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as the “the Pretender.”
But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcome. He inspires a group known as Jacoties, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
1. Which of the following sentences contains an opinion on the part of the author? A. James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove his downfall. B. James's son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. C. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since. D. Scholars in the 21st century are far too hasty in dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland.
D. Scholars in the 21st century are far too hasty in dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland.
In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth’s cousin and one time rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scotts, James was crowded King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would create a spirit of conflict that hunted the two nations for generations to come.
The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century area far too hasty to dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart’s succession to the English people had firmly embrace the teachings of Protestant theology. Similarly, The Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic fate. James acknowledged the Church of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears his name
James’s son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were suspicious among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic. Charles’s own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles’s II would be crowded, and this Charles believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church, Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II.
James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall. James’s wife Mary Beatrice lost number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned, if James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James’s heir was a founding smuggled in .James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James’s Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen.
In spite of a strong resemblance to the King, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as the “the Pretender.”
But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcome. He inspires a group known as Jacoties, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
2. Which of the following is a logical conclusion based on the information that is provided within the passage? A. Like Elizabeth I, Charles II never married and thus never had children. B. The English people were relieved each time that James II"s wife Mary lost another child, as this prevented the chance of a Catholic monarch C. Charles I's beheading had less to do with religion than with other political problems that England was facing. D. Unlike his son and grandsons, King James I had no Catholic leanings and was faithful of the Protestant Church of England
C. Charles I’s beheading had less to do with religion than with other political problems that England was facing.
In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth’s cousin and one time rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scotts, James was crowded King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would create a spirit of conflict that hunted the two nations for generations to come.
The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century area far too hasty to dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart’s succession to the English people had firmly embrace the teachings of Protestant theology. Similarly, The Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic fate. James acknowledged the Church of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears his name
James’s son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were suspicious among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic. Charles’s own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles’s II would be crowded, and this Charles believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church, Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II.
James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall. James’s wife Mary Beatrice lost number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned, if James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James’s heir was a founding smuggled in .James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James’s Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen.
In spite of a strong resemblance to the King, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as the “the Pretender.”
But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcome. He inspires a group known as Jacoties, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
3. Based on the information that is provided within the passage, which of the following can be inferred about King James II's son? A. Considering his resemblance to King James II, the young James was very likely the legitimate child of the king and the queen. B. Given the queen's previous inability to produce a healthy child, the English and the Lowland Scots were right in suspecting the legitimacy of the prince. C. James "the Pretender" was not as popular among the Highland clans and his son Bonnie Prince Charlie D. James was unable to acquire the resources needed to build the army and plan the invasion that his son succeeded in doing
A. Considering his resemblance to King James II, the young James was very likely the legitimate child of the king and the queen.
In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth’s cousin and one time rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scotts, James was crowded King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would create a spirit of conflict that hunted the two nations for generations to come.
The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century area far too hasty to dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart’s succession to the English people had firmly embrace the teachings of Protestant theology. Similarly, The Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic fate. James acknowledged the Church of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears his name
James’s son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were suspicious among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic. Charles’s own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles’s II would be crowded, and this Charles believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church, Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II.
James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall. James’s wife Mary Beatrice lost number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned, if James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James’s heir was a founding smuggled in .James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James’s Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen.
In spite of a strong resemblance to the King, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as the “the Pretender.”
But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcome. He inspires a group known as Jacoties, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
4. Which of the following best describes the organization of the information in this passage? A. Cause-effect B. Chronological sequence C. Problem solution D. comparison-contrast
B. Chronological sequence
In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth’s cousin and one time rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scotts, James was crowded King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would create a spirit of conflict that hunted the two nations for generations to come.
The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century area far too hasty to dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart’s succession to the English people had firmly embrace the teachings of Protestant theology. Similarly, The Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic fate. James acknowledged the Church of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears his name
James’s son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were suspicious among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic. Charles’s own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles’s II would be crowded, and this Charles believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church, Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II.
James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall. James’s wife Mary Beatrice lost number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned, if James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James’s heir was a founding smuggled in .James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James’s Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen.
In spite of a strong resemblance to the King, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as the “the Pretender.”
But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcome. He inspires a group known as Jacoties, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
5. Which of the following best describes the author's intent in the passage? A. To persuade B. To entertain C. To express feeling D. To inform
D. To inform
Lisa Grant: “School should make students wear uniforms. Everyone would look the same. Students would be able to respect each other based on their ideas and character because they would no longer be judge by their appearance.”
Joe Smith. “Students should not have to wear uniforms: Clothing is an important part of self expression. Taking away that method of expression is suppressing that student’s rights.”
1. What is one idea that the students above seem to agree on, based on their statements? A. Students should be allowed to express themselves through apparel. B. Schools should give students a certain amount of respect. C. Students should focus more on school than on appearance D. Schools would violate students basic rights by enforcing a dress code.
B. Schools should give students a certain amount of respect.
Lisa Grant: “School should make students wear uniforms. Everyone would look the same. Students would be able to respect each other based on their ideas and character because they would no longer be judge by their appearance.”
Joe Smith. “Students should not have to wear uniforms: Clothing is an important part of self expression. Taking away that method of expression is suppressing that student’s rights.”
2. Which of the following statements could NOT provide support for BOTH arguments? A. A number of local school districts have recently implemented dress codes. B. School administrators have been in talks with parents over the issue of uniforms C. Students have reported that school uniforms are costly and typically ill=fitting D. Several groups of students have been organized to discuss uniform dress codes
C. Students have reported that school uniforms are costly and typically ill=fitting
NOTE: The instructor of a history class has just finished grading the essay exams from his students, and the results are not good. The essay exam was worth 70% of the final course score. The highest score in the class was a low B, and more than have of the class of 65 students failed the exam. In view of this, the instructor reconsiders his grading plan for the semester and sends out an email message to all students.
Dear students:
The score for the essay exam have been posted in the online course grade book. By now, many of you have probably seen your grade and are a little concerned.( And if you’re not concerned, you should be- at least a bit!) At the beginning of the semester. , I informed the class that I have a strict grading policy and that all scores will stand unquestioned. With each class comes a new challenge, however, and as any good instructor will tell you, sometimes the original plan has to change. As a result, I propose the following options for students to make up their score:
1) I Will present the class with an extra credit project at the next course meeting. The extra credit project will be worth 150% of the point value of the essay exam that has just been completed. While I will not drop the essay exam score, I will give you more than enough of a chance to make up the difference and raise your overall score.
2) I will allowed each student to develop his or her own extra credit project. This project may reflect the tenor of option number 1 (above) but will allow the student to create a project more in his or her own line of interest. Bear in mind, however, that this is more of a risk. The scoring for option number 2 will be more subjective, depending on whether or not I feel that the project is a successful alternative to the essay exam. If it is, the student will be awarded up to 150% of the point value of the essay exam.
3) I will provide the class with the option of developing a group project. Students may form groups of 3 or 4 and put together an extra credit project that reflects a stronger response to the questions in the essay exam. This extra credit project will receive an equal score for the project, so there is a risk in this as well. If you are part of a group in which you do most of the work, each member of the group will receive equal credit for it. The purpose of the project is to allow students to work together and arrive at a stronger response than if each worked individually.
If you are interested in pursuing extra credit to make up for the essay exam, please choose one of the options above. No other extra credit opportunities will be provided for the course.
Good Luck!
Dr. Edwards
1. Which of the following describes this type of writing? A. Technical B. Narrative C. Persuasive D. Expository
A. Technical
Technical text is non-fiction.
- It gives the reader information to perform a task
- It contains steps.
- It often contains bullets and numbered items.
NOTE: The instructor of a history class has just finished grading the essay exams from his students, and the results are not good. The essay exam was worth 70% of the final course score. The highest score in the class was a low B, and more than have of the class of 65 students failed the exam. In view of this, the instructor reconsiders his grading plan for the semester and sends out an email message to all students.
Dear students:
The score for the essay exam have been posted in the online course grade book. By now, many of you have probably seen your grade and are a little concerned.( And if you’re not concerned, you should be- at least a bit!) At the beginning of the semester. , I informed the class that I have a strict grading policy and that all scores will stand unquestioned. With each class comes a new challenge, however, and as any good instructor will tell you, sometimes the original plan has to change. As a result, I propose the following options for students to make up their score:
1) I Will present the class with an extra credit project at the next course meeting. The extra credit project will be worth 150% of the point value of the essay exam that has just been completed. While I will not drop the essay exam score, I will give you more than enough of a chance to make up the difference and raise your overall score.
2) I will allowed each student to develop his or her own extra credit project. This project may reflect the tenor of option number 1 (above) but will allow the student to create a project more in his or her own line of interest. Bear in mind, however, that this is more of a risk. The scoring for option number 2 will be more subjective, depending on whether or not I feel that the project is a successful alternative to the essay exam. If it is, the student will be awarded up to 150% of the point value of the essay exam.
3) I will provide the class with the option of developing a group project. Students may form groups of 3 or 4 and put together an extra credit project that reflects a stronger response to the questions in the essay exam. This extra credit project will receive an equal score for the project, so there is a risk in this as well. If you are part of a group in which you do most of the work, each member of the group will receive equal credit for it. The purpose of the project is to allow students to work together and arrive at a stronger response than if each worked individually.
If you are interested in pursuing extra credit to make up for the essay exam, please choose one of the options above. No other extra credit opportunities will be provided for the course.
Good Luck!
Dr. Edwards
2. Which of the following best describes the instructor's purpose in writing this email to his students? A. To berate students for the poor scores that they made on the recent essay exam. B. To encourage students to continue working hard in spite of failure. C. To give students the opportunity to make up the bad score and avoid failing the course. D. To admit that the essay exam was likely too difficult for must students
C. To give students the opportunity to make
up the bad score and avoid failing the course.
The purpose of the instructor in writing this email is to encourage students to make up the bad score and avoid failing the course by proposing different options for them to make up their scores.
To: Do Wranglers
From: Sara Mosher
Re: Tuxedos and Tails Gala
This Saturday is the yearly event we have all been waiting for, the rescue’s biggest fundraising event of the year! Please be sure to read the e-mails you received 2 weeks ago with all the information about where to meet, what time, and what to wear. In addition, please arrive twenty minutes prior to your assigned time to pick up your name tags, box dinner, water bottle, and goody bag for your assigned dog.
1. Which of the following parts of a memo is missing from the Dog Wranglers memo? A. The recipient of the memo B. The date of the memo C. The subject of the memo D. The author of the memo
B. The date of the memo
To: Do Wranglers
From: Sara Mosher
Re: Tuxedos and Tails Gala
This Saturday is the yearly event we have all been waiting for, the rescue’s biggest fundraising event of the year! Please be sure to read the e-mails you received 2 weeks ago with all the information about where to meet, what time, and what to wear. In addition, please arrive twenty minutes prior to your assigned time to pick up your name tags, box dinner, water bottle, and goody bag for your assigned dog.
2. Based on the content of the memorandum, when did Sara Mosher send this memo about the Tuxedos and Tails Gala? A. Before sending official invitations to the gala B. The week before the gala C. The day of the gala D. Before selecting dog wranglers to staff the gala
B. The week before the gala
The week before the gala as she tells them to please be sure to read the emails she sent two weeks prior before the meet up.
The day began when my watch beeped at 4:30 a.m. The alarm was supposed to sound at 7:30, but I had forgotten to change the time back to my time zone after my last business trip in Boston. It was a struggle to stay awake for everything I needed to get done. First, I groggily showered, washed my hair, and blow dried it. Then, I kept yawning while I got dressed, but before I got dressed I had to iron my silky blouse. Next, I finally got to have my hot coffee while I styled my hair and put on my makeup. Finally, I was wide awake and at my bus stop ten minutes early so I could arrive at my audition on time.
1. Which of the following actions did the protagonist of the passage perform first? A. Shower B. Iron her blouse C. Change the time on her watch to 7:30 D. Have a hot cup of coffee
A. Shower
Explanation
She showered groggily, washed her hair, and then blow-dried it.
The day began when my watch beeped at 4:30 a.m. The alarm was supposed to sound at 7:30, but I had forgotten to change the time back to my time zone after my last business trip in Boston. It was a struggle to stay awake for everything I needed to get done. First, I groggily showered, washed my hair, and blow dried it. Then, I kept yawning while I got dressed, but before I got dressed I had to iron my silky blouse. Next, I finally got to have my hot coffee while I styled my hair and put on my makeup. Finally, I was wide awake and at my bus stop ten minutes early so I could arrive at my audition on time.
2. Which of the following logical conclusions can be made about the protagonist in this passage? A. She normally gets up at 4:30 a.m. every morning B. She is a professional performer C. She does not like the taste of coffee D. She lives in Boston
Explanation
She is a professional performer as she went to the bus stop ten minutes earlier so as she could arrive to her audition on time.
The day began when my watch beeped at 4:30 a.m. The alarm was supposed to sound at 7:30, but I had forgotten to change the time back to my time zone after my last business trip in Boston. It was a struggle to stay awake for everything I needed to get done. First, I groggily showered, washed my hair, and blow dried it. Then, I kept yawning while I got dressed, but before I got dressed I had to iron my silky blouse. Next, I finally got to have my hot coffee while I styled my hair and put on my makeup. Finally, I was wide awake and at my bus stop ten minutes early so I could arrive at my audition on time.
3. Which of the following inferences (CONCLUSION; observation) can the reader logically make after reading this passage? A. The protagonist does not care about this audition B. Waking up at 4:30 a.m. is easy for the protagonist C. The bus usually runs late D. Appearance is important when going to an audition
D. Appearance is important when going to an audition
Explanation
Appearance is important when going to an audition as she woke up early shower, wash her hair and blow dry it, and had to iron her silky blouse.
In 1907, Edith Cavell, a British nurse, was appointed head nurse of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Belgium. In 1914, at the start of World War I and the German occupation of Belgium, Cavell joined the Red Cross to support the nursing effort. The Berkendael Institute was converted into a hospital for wounded soldiers of all nationalities. During this time, Cavell helped soldiers treated there to escape to neutral Holland. In 1915, she was arrested by local German authorities for abetting the escape of 200 soldiers and was sentenced to death. Cavell’s case received significant press coverage around the world, especially in Britain and the United States. In the weeks after her death, the number of men enlisting to serve in World War I greatly increased.
1. Which of the following context clues allows the reader to infer the meaning of the word "abetting" as used in the paragraph? A. "the escape of 200 soldiers" B. "was sentenced to death" C. "was arrested by local German authorities" D. "helped soldiers treated there escape"
D. “helped soldiers treated there escape”
In 1907, Edith Cavell, a British nurse, was appointed head nurse of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Belgium. In 1914, at the start of World War I and the German occupation of Belgium, Cavell joined the Red Cross to support the nursing effort. The Berkendael Institute was converted into a hospital for wounded soldiers of all nationalities. During this time, Cavell helped soldiers treated there to escape to neutral Holland. In 1915, she was arrested by local German authorities for abetting the escape of 200 soldiers and was sentenced to death. Cavell’s case received significant press coverage around the world, especially in Britain and the United States. In the weeks after her death, the number of men enlisting to serve in World War I greatly increased.
2. Which sentence in the passage allows the reader to infer that Edith Cavell was a skilled nurse? A. In 1907, Edith Cavell, a British nurse, was appointed head nurse of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Belgium B. During this time, Cavell helped soldiers treated there to escape to neutral Holland C. Cavell's case received significant press coverage around the world, especially in Britain and the United States D. In 1914, at the start of World Ward I and the German occupation of Belgium, Cavell joined the Red Cross supporting the nursing effort
A. In 1907, Edith Cavell, a British nurse, was appointed head nurse of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Belgium.
In 1907, Edith Cavell, a British nurse, was appointed head nurse of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Belgium. In 1914, at the start of World War I and the German occupation of Belgium, Cavell joined the Red Cross to support the nursing effort. The Berkendael Institute was converted into a hospital for wounded soldiers of all nationalities. During this time, Cavell helped soldiers treated there to escape to neutral Holland. In 1915, she was arrested by local German authorities for abetting the escape of 200 soldiers and was sentenced to death. Cavell’s case received significant press coverage around the world, especially in Britain and the United States. In the weeks after her death, the number of men enlisting to serve in World War I greatly increased.
3. What can you conclude about the effect Edith Cavell's death had on the British and American people? A. Nurses were considered an important reason for why the American and English won World War I B. Many British and American people believed she had died for a good cause C. The British and American people began to highly regulate hospital practices D. British and American hospitals began admitting wounded soldiers of all nationalities
B. Many British and American people believed she had died for a good cause
Explanation
Many British and American people believed she had died for a good cause hence leading to many men joining the World War I.
The following is an excerpt from a letter written by a woman in the 1930s in the Midwest to her relatives on the East Coast about the Dust Bowl:The dust has been mighty fierce. We have to keep the doors and windows shut tight, but the dirt gets right on through. When we open the door to that whirling dust, we are glad enough to run back inside with the soot all covering everything. We have to eat quick before the dirt settles on our food. You can’t even see the lights in the house if you’re outside it. One morning, so restless of the inside for days, I took a walk, and when I turned back I couldn’t see the house. I knew the direction, so I kept on, and was close before I could see its outline. It sure made me feel lonely.
1. What details do we know about the writer of this letter from the excerpt? A. She felt lonely most of the time B. She lived in a rural town, far from other people C. She had been dealing with the dust storms for years D. She wished to be outside more often than she was
D. She wished to be outside more often than she was
Explanation
She wished to be outside more often than she was and as much as she kept the door and windows shut the dust still gets through.
The following is an excerpt from a letter written by a woman in the 1930s in the Midwest to her relatives on the East Coast about the Dust Bowl:The dust has been mighty fierce. We have to keep the doors and windows shut tight, but the dirt gets right on through. When we open the door to that whirling dust, we are glad enough to run back inside with the soot all covering everything. We have to eat quick before the dirt settles on our food. You can’t even see the lights in the house if you’re outside it. One morning, so restless of the inside for days, I took a walk, and when I turned back I couldn’t see the house. I knew the direction, so I kept on, and was close before I could see its outline. It sure made me feel lonely.
2. What details do we know about the writer of this letter from the excerpt? A. She felt lonely most of the time B. She lived in a rural town, far from other people C. She had been dealing with the dust storms for years D. She wished to be outside more often than she was
D. She wished to be outside more often than she was
Explanation
She wished to be outside more often than she was and as much as she kept the door and windows shut the dust still gets through.
The following is an excerpt from a letter written by a woman in the 1930s in the Midwest to her relatives on the East Coast about the Dust Bowl:The dust has been mighty fierce. We have to keep the doors and windows shut tight, but the dirt gets right on through. When we open the door to that whirling dust, we are glad enough to run back inside with the soot all covering everything. We have to eat quick before the dirt settles on our food. You can’t even see the lights in the house if you’re outside it. One morning, so restless of the inside for days, I took a walk, and when I turned back I couldn’t see the house. I knew the direction, so I kept on, and was close before I could see its outline. It sure made me feel lonely.
3. What information could someone writing a research paper about the Dust Bowl find in this letter? A. Information about how people felt during the storms B. Details about the amount of dust that entered people's homes C. Information about the duration of the Dust Bowl D. Details about how to avoid the dust storms
A. Information about how people felt during the storms
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
Book Review by Stephen Davidson from the online blog Popular Reads
In the 17th century, there were people who called the sea home and sought extraordinary adventures. These people were called pirates. Pirates, or privateers as they were sometimes called, have long been a part of popular culture in the 21st century in books, television shows, plays, and movies. With so many pieces of media about pirates, one would not think that anything else would be needed. That would be a mistaken belief.Pirates: A Swashbuckling History by Grace O’Malley Teach, a popular fiction writer, is a wonderful addition to the popular fiction on pirates. She brings a fresh take on mythology from the world of piracy. Each chapter of this 168 page book is dedicated to a famous (or possibly infamous) pirate from history, from the dreaded Blackbeard to the fierce Mary Reed. As she explores these legends with her vivid writing style, it is like the pirates leap from the pages of the book and begin battling in right in front of my eyes. In addition to her excellent writing bringing the stories to life, artistic representations of each of the pirates has been created for this book by up and coming illustrator Edward Teach, the author’s brother, who just began a comic series about British history.Some of the content can get a little graphic in its violence, which is what we should really all expect from a book about pirates. However, I believe that this book is the perfect present for the young children that haven’t yet found a love of reading. I would also recommend this as a fun read when relaxing on a boat or by the beach to really get in the mindset of piracy and adventure. No matter where this book is read, I can guarantee that this is a purchase is worth it!
1. Based on the passage, whose point of view is being used in this book review? A. A third person point of view B. Grace O'Malley Teach C. Stephen Davidson D. Edward Teach
Explanation
Stephen Davidson as he is the one that is reviewing the book from online blog Popular Reads.
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
Book Review by Stephen Davidson from the online blog Popular Reads
In the 17th century, there were people who called the sea home and sought extraordinary adventures. These people were called pirates. Pirates, or privateers as they were sometimes called, have long been a part of popular culture in the 21st century in books, television shows, plays, and movies. With so many pieces of media about pirates, one would not think that anything else would be needed. That would be a mistaken belief.Pirates: A Swashbuckling History by Grace O’Malley Teach, a popular fiction writer, is a wonderful addition to the popular fiction on pirates. She brings a fresh take on mythology from the world of piracy. Each chapter of this 168 page book is dedicated to a famous (or possibly infamous) pirate from history, from the dreaded Blackbeard to the fierce Mary Reed. As she explores these legends with her vivid writing style, it is like the pirates leap from the pages of the book and begin battling in right in front of my eyes. In addition to her excellent writing bringing the stories to life, artistic representations of each of the pirates has been created for this book by up and coming illustrator Edward Teach, the author’s brother, who just began a comic series about British history.Some of the content can get a little graphic in its violence, which is what we should really all expect from a book about pirates. However, I believe that this book is the perfect present for the young children that haven’t yet found a love of reading. I would also recommend this as a fun read when relaxing on a boat or by the beach to really get in the mindset of piracy and adventure. No matter where this book is read, I can guarantee that this is a purchase is worth it!
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
“A Bottle of Disappointment”Book Review by Sue James from the journal History and LiteraturePirates: A Swashbuckling History by Grace O’Malley Teach is the worst anthology of pirate tales I’ve ever read. Ms. Teach tends to overemphasize and sensationalize the legends at the expense of real pirate history. This is just another pointless pop culture filler riding the coattails of far superior works on piracy. I would recommend finding a better book than this one.
2. After reading the review above, which is about the same book as the passage, which of the following comparison statements is true? A. The author of "A Bottle of Disappointment" found this book more entertaining than the author of "Yo Ho, a Pirate's Book For Me." B. The author of "A Bottle of Disappointment" liked the book less than the author of "Yo Ho, a Pirate's Book For Me." C. The author of "A Bottle of Disappointment" believes that the book offers a reliable insight into the history of piracy while the author of "Yo Ho, a Pirate's Book For Me" does not D. The author of "A Bottle of Disappointment" believes that people should read this book while the author of "Yo Ho, a Pirate's Book For Me" does not
B. The author of “A Bottle of Disappointment” liked the book less than the author of “Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me.”
–
Explanation
The author of “A Bottle of Disappointment” liked the book less than the author of “Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me.”
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
Book Review by Stephen Davidson from the online blog Popular Reads
In the 17th century, there were people who called the sea home and sought extraordinary adventures. These people were called pirates. Pirates, or privateers as they were sometimes called, have long been a part of popular culture in the 21st century in books, television shows, plays, and movies. With so many pieces of media about pirates, one would not think that anything else would be needed. That would be a mistaken belief.Pirates: A Swashbuckling History by Grace O’Malley Teach, a popular fiction writer, is a wonderful addition to the popular fiction on pirates. She brings a fresh take on mythology from the world of piracy. Each chapter of this 168 page book is dedicated to a famous (or possibly infamous) pirate from history, from the dreaded Blackbeard to the fierce Mary Reed. As she explores these legends with her vivid writing style, it is like the pirates leap from the pages of the book and begin battling in right in front of my eyes. In addition to her excellent writing bringing the stories to life, artistic representations of each of the pirates has been created for this book by up and coming illustrator Edward Teach, the author’s brother, who just began a comic series about British history.Some of the content can get a little graphic in its violence, which is what we should really all expect from a book about pirates. However, I believe that this book is the perfect present for the young children that haven’t yet found a love of reading. I would also recommend this as a fun read when relaxing on a boat or by the beach to really get in the mindset of piracy and adventure. No matter where this book is read, I can guarantee that this is a purchase is worth it!
3. Yo Ho, a Pirate's Book For Me"Which of the following phrases contains information that is irrelevant to the review of the book? A. "Some of the content can get a little graphic in its violence..." B. "...it is like the pirates leap from the pages of the book and begin battling right in front of my eyes." C. "Each chapter of this 168 page book is dedicated to a famous (or possibly infamous) pirate from history..." D. "...Edward Teach, the author's brother, who just began a comic series about British history."
D. “…Edward Teach, the author’s brother, who just began a comic series about British history.”
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
Book Review by Stephen Davidson from the online blog Popular Reads
In the 17th century, there were people who called the sea home and sought extraordinary adventures. These people were called pirates. Pirates, or privateers as they were sometimes called, have long been a part of popular culture in the 21st century in books, television shows, plays, and movies. With so many pieces of media about pirates, one would not think that anything else would be needed. That would be a mistaken belief.Pirates: A Swashbuckling History by Grace O’Malley Teach, a popular fiction writer, is a wonderful addition to the popular fiction on pirates. She brings a fresh take on mythology from the world of piracy. Each chapter of this 168 page book is dedicated to a famous (or possibly infamous) pirate from history, from the dreaded Blackbeard to the fierce Mary Reed. As she explores these legends with her vivid writing style, it is like the pirates leap from the pages of the book and begin battling in right in front of my eyes. In addition to her excellent writing bringing the stories to life, artistic representations of each of the pirates has been created for this book by up and coming illustrator Edward Teach, the author’s brother, who just began a comic series about British history.Some of the content can get a little graphic in its violence, which is what we should really all expect from a book about pirates. However, I believe that this book is the perfect present for the young children that haven’t yet found a love of reading. I would also recommend this as a fun read when relaxing on a boat or by the beach to really get in the mindset of piracy and adventure. No matter where this book is read, I can guarantee that this is a purchase is worth it!
4. What is the author's purpose for writing this book review? A. To persuade readers to purchase this book B. To inform readers about the popularity of pirates C. To entertain the reader with tales of pirates D. To tell the reader that books about pirates are losing popularity
A. To persuade readers to purchase this book
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
Book Review by Stephen Davidson from the online blog Popular Reads
In the 17th century, there were people who called the sea home and sought extraordinary adventures. These people were called pirates. Pirates, or privateers as they were sometimes called, have long been a part of popular culture in the 21st century in books, television shows, plays, and movies. With so many pieces of media about pirates, one would not think that anything else would be needed. That would be a mistaken belief.Pirates: A Swashbuckling History by Grace O’Malley Teach, a popular fiction writer, is a wonderful addition to the popular fiction on pirates. She brings a fresh take on mythology from the world of piracy. Each chapter of this 168 page book is dedicated to a famous (or possibly infamous) pirate from history, from the dreaded Blackbeard to the fierce Mary Reed. As she explores these legends with her vivid writing style, it is like the pirates leap from the pages of the book and begin battling in right in front of my eyes. In addition to her excellent writing bringing the stories to life, artistic representations of each of the pirates has been created for this book by up and coming illustrator Edward Teach, the author’s brother, who just began a comic series about British history.Some of the content can get a little graphic in its violence, which is what we should really all expect from a book about pirates. However, I believe that this book is the perfect present for the young children that haven’t yet found a love of reading. I would also recommend this as a fun read when relaxing on a boat or by the beach to really get in the mindset of piracy and adventure. No matter where this book is read, I can guarantee that this is a purchase is worth it!
“Yo Ho, a Pirate’s Book For Me”
5. When writing an academic paper about the true history of Blackbeard, the book Pirates: A Swashbuckling History would not be a reliable and accurate resource to use. Why would it not be a reliable resource? A. Because the book's content is focused on multiple pirates from history B. Because the book contains illustrations C. Because it is a popular fiction book D. Because of the author's vivid writing style
Explanation
Because it is a popular fiction book and the content in it is exaggerated hence not a reliable resource to use.
The roots of aviation are firmly based on curiosity. Where would we be today had it not been for the dreams of Leonardo da Vinci, the Wright Brothers, and Igor Sikorsky? They all were infatuated with flight, a curiosity that led to the origins of aviation. The development of aviation is a story of human imagination, innovation, and perseverance. But it is also a story of many setbacks, fatalities, and lessons learned. Today, we continue to learn and investigate the limits of aviation. We’ve been to the moon, and soon beyond. Our curiosity will continue to drive us to search for the next challenge. However, curiosity can also have catastrophic consequences. Despite over 100 years of aviation practice, we still see accidents that are caused by impaired judgment formed from curious behavior. New pilots commonly seek to determine the limits of their ability as well as the limits of the aircraft. Unfortunately, too often this leads to mishaps with deadly results. Inquisitive behavior must be harnessed and displayed within personal and material limits. Deadly curiosity may not seem as obvious to some as it is to others. Simple thoughts such as, “Is visibility really as bad as what the ATIS is reporting?” or “Does the 20-minute fuel light really indicate only 20 minutes’ worth of fuel?” can lead to poor decisions and disastrous outcomes. Some aviators blatantly violate rules and aircraft limitations without thinking through the consequences. “What indications and change in flight characteristics will I see if I fly this helicopter above its maximum gross weight?” or “I’ve heard this helicopter can do aerobatic flight. Why is it prohibited?” are examples of extremely harmful curiosity. Even more astounding is some pilots ignoring the fact that the damage potentially done to the aircraft will probably manifest later in the aircraft’s life, affecting other crews. Spontaneous excursions in aviation can be deadly. Curiosity is natural and promotes learning. Airmen should abide by established procedures until proper and complete hazard assessment and risk management can be completed.
Which of these statements most closely matches the theme of this passage? A. Fortune favors the bold. B. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. C. Curiosity killed the cat. D. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
Explanation
Curiosity killed the cat as it is a proverb used to warn about the dangers of unnecessary investigations or experimentation
Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. For instance, her study of Latin commenced when she was only six years old. She entered Oxford in 1912, at a time when the university was not granting degrees to women. By 1920, this policy had changed, and Sayers received her degree in medieval literature and modern languages after finishing university. That same year, she also received a master of arts degree.
Sayers’s first foray into published writing was a collection of poetry released in 1916. Within a few years, she began work on the detective novels and short stories that would make her famous, due to the creation of the foppish, mystery-solving aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. Sayers also wrote short story mysteries about the character Montague Egg. In spite of her success as a mystery writer, Sayers continued to balance popular fiction with academic work; her translation of Dante’s Inferno gained her respect for her ability to convey the poetry in English while still remaining true to the Italian terza rima. She also composed a series of twelve plays about the life of Christ, and wrote several essays about education and feminism. In her middle age, Dorothy L. Sayers published several works of Christian apologetics, one of which was so well- received that the archbishop of Canterbury attempted to present her with a doctorate of divinity. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined.
1. Which of the following describes the type of writing used to create the passage? A. Narrative B. Persuasive C. Expository D. Technical
Explanation
Expository as it exposes and explains the facts about the writer.
Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. For instance, her study of Latin commenced when she was only six years old. She entered Oxford in 1912, at a time when the university was not granting degrees to women. By 1920, this policy had changed, and Sayers received her degree in medieval literature and modern languages after finishing university. That same year, she also received a master of arts degree.
Sayers’s first foray into published writing was a collection of poetry released in 1916. Within a few years, she began work on the detective novels and short stories that would make her famous, due to the creation of the foppish, mystery-solving aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. Sayers also wrote short story mysteries about the character Montague Egg. In spite of her success as a mystery writer, Sayers continued to balance popular fiction with academic work; her translation of Dante’s Inferno gained her respect for her ability to convey the poetry in English while still remaining true to the Italian terza rima. She also composed a series of twelve plays about the life of Christ, and wrote several essays about education and feminism. In her middle age, Dorothy L. Sayers published several works of Christian apologetics, one of which was so well- received that the archbishop of Canterbury attempted to present her with a doctorate of divinity. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined.
2. Which of the following sentences is the best summary of the passage? A. Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. B. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. C. Within a few years, she began work on the detective novels and short stories that would make her famous, due to the creation of the foppish, mystery-solving aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. D. In her middle age, Dorothy L. Sayers published several works of Christian apologetics, one of which was so well-received that the archbishop of Canterbury attempted to present her with a doctorate of divinity.
Explanation
Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England is the best summary as it entails her achievement and contribution in the writing world.
Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. For instance, her study of Latin commenced when she was only six years old. She entered Oxford in 1912, at a time when the university was not granting degrees to women. By 1920, this policy had changed, and Sayers received her degree in medieval literature and modern languages after finishing university. That same year, she also received a master of arts degree.
Sayers’s first foray into published writing was a collection of poetry released in 1916. Within a few years, she began work on the detective novels and short stories that would make her famous, due to the creation of the foppish, mystery-solving aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. Sayers also wrote short story mysteries about the character Montague Egg. In spite of her success as a mystery writer, Sayers continued to balance popular fiction with academic work; her translation of Dante’s Inferno gained her respect for her ability to convey the poetry in English while still remaining true to the Italian terza rima. She also composed a series of twelve plays about the life of Christ, and wrote several essays about education and feminism. In her middle age, Dorothy L. Sayers published several works of Christian apologetics, one of which was so well- received that the archbishop of Canterbury attempted to present her with a doctorate of divinity. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined.
3. Which of the following sentences contains an opinion statement by the author? A. Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. B. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. C. Her translation of Dante's Inferno gained her respect for her ability to convey the poetry in English while still remaining true to the Italian terza rima. D. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined.
D. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined.
Car Owner’s Manual: Table of Contents:
Chapter I: Vehicle Instruments
Chapter II: Safety Options
Chapter III: Audio, Climate, and Voice Controls
Chapter IV: Pre-Driving and Driving Chapter V: Routine Maintenance
Chapter VI: Emergencies
Chapter VII: Consumer Resources
1. To which chapter should Regina turn if she needs to locate information about adjusting the air conditioning in the vehicle? A. II B. III C. IV D. I
B. III
Chapter III: Audio, Climate, and Voice Controls
Car Owner’s Manual: Table of Contents:
Chapter I: Vehicle Instruments
Chapter II: Safety Options
Chapter III: Audio, Climate, and Voice Controls
Chapter IV: Pre-Driving and Driving Chapter V: Routine Maintenance
Chapter VI: Emergencies
Chapter VII: Consumer Resources
2. To which chapter should Regina turn if she needs to find out what to do if the car begins overheating? A. II B. III C. IV D. VI
D. VI
Chapter VI: Emergencies
Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland who became known as the “Moses of her people.” Over the course of 10 years, and at great personal risk, she led hundreds of slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad, a secret network of safe houses where runaway slaves could stayeir journey north to freedom She later became a leader in the abolitionist movement, and during the Civil War she was a spy for the federal forces in South Carolina as well as a nurse
Harriet Tubman’s name at birth was Araminte Ross. She was one of 11 children of Harriet and Benjamin Ross born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland. As a child, Ross was “hired out” by her master as a nursemaid for a small baby Ross had to stay awake all night so that the baby wouldn’t cry and wake the mother. If Ross fell asleep, the baby’s mother whipped her. From a very young age, Ross was determined to gain her freedom.
As a slave, Araminta Ross was scarred for life when she refused to help in the punishment of another young slave. A young man had gone to the store without permission, and when he returned, the overseer wanted to whip him. He asked Ross to help but she refused. When the young man started to run away, the overseer picked up a heavy iron weight and threw it at him. He missed the young man and hit Ross instead. The weight nearly crushed her skull and left a deep scar. She was unconscious for days, and suffered from seizures for the rest of her life.
In 1844, Ross married a free black named Jahe Tubman and took his last name. She also changed her first name, taking her mother’s name, Harriet, in 1849, worried that she and the other slaves on the plantation were going to be soid, Tubman decided to run away. Her husband refused to go with her, so she set out with her two brothers, and followed the North Star in the sky to guide her north to freedom Her brothers became frightened and turned back, but she continued on and reached Philadelphia. There she found work as a household servent and saved her money so she could return to help others escape.
1. This passage is mainly about which of the following? A. Slaves in the Civil War B. How slaves escaped along the Underground Railroad C. Harriet Tubman's role as an abolitionist leader D. Harriet Tubman's life as a slave.
Explanation
The passage is mainly about Harriet Tubman’s life as a slave as it narrates her life journey from the time she was born.
Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland who became known as the “Moses of her people.” Over the course of 10 years, and at great personal risk, she led hundreds of slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad, a secret network of safe houses where runaway slaves could stayeir journey north to freedom She later became a leader in the abolitionist movement, and during the Civil War she was a spy for the federal forces in South Carolina as well as a nurse
Harriet Tubman’s name at birth was Araminte Ross. She was one of 11 children of Harriet and Benjamin Ross born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland. As a child, Ross was “hired out” by her master as a nursemaid for a small baby Ross had to stay awake all night so that the baby wouldn’t cry and wake the mother. If Ross fell asleep, the baby’s mother whipped her. From a very young age, Ross was determined to gain her freedom.
As a slave, Araminta Ross was scarred for life when she refused to help in the punishment of another young slave. A young man had gone to the store without permission, and when he returned, the overseer wanted to whip him. He asked Ross to help but she refused. When the young man started to run away, the overseer picked up a heavy iron weight and threw it at him. He missed the young man and hit Ross instead. The weight nearly crushed her skull and left a deep scar. She was unconscious for days, and suffered from seizures for the rest of her life.
In 1844, Ross married a free black named Jahe Tubman and took his last name. She also changed her first name, taking her mother’s name, Harriet, in 1849, worried that she and the other slaves on the plantation were going to be soid, Tubman decided to run away. Her husband refused to go with her, so she set out with her two brothers, and followed the North Star in the sky to guide her north to freedom Her brothers became frightened and turned back, but she continued on and reached Philadelphia. There she found work as a household servent and saved her money so she could return to help others escape.
2. The author of the passage describes Harriet Tubman's life as a slave to show. A. Why she wanted to escape slavery B. Why she was a spy during the Civil War C. Why she suffered from seizures D. How she loved babies
Explanation
The author of the passage describes Harriet Tubman’s life as a slave to show why she wanted to escape slavery.
NCKGABBH
Copy the string of letters above on a piece of paper.
Cross out the first and last letters.
Replace the letter B with the letter Q.
Insert a U after each Q.
Switch the first and last letters.
Which of the following letter sequence remains on the page?
A. CKGAQUQU
B. UKGAQUQC
C. HCKGAQUQ
D. QKGAQUCJ
B. UKGAQUQC
Which of the following is a primary source of information?
A. speech that refers to an event
B. A photograph taken at an event
C. A textbook description of an event
D. A newspaper article about an event
D. A newspaper article about an event
Which of the following would be the best reference material for a researcher looking for statistics over different demographics in various countries?
A. An almanac
B. An index
C. An encyclopedia
D. A dictionary
C. An encyclopedia
Which of the following words has a positive connotation?
A. Crash
B. Employ
C. Bribe
D. Chic
D. Chic
At a school field trip to the zoo, Laura wanted to visit as many animals as she could. She first stopped at the lion exhibit. Then, she saw the elephant after stopping to see the giraffe. Finally, she stopped the otter playing in the water. Which of the following animals did Laura see second?
A. Giraffe
B. Elephant
C. Otter
D. Lion
A. Giraffe
Student often vacillate between speech topics when given too much time to make a decision.
Which of the following is the meaning of the word “vacillate” as used in the sentence above?
A. To speak sarcastically
B. To worry about something
C. To be unable to choose
D. To think hard about a topic
C. To be unable to choose
Delaying their initial entry to school can cause some children to actually fall behind their peers in learning. Some studies have shown differing early childhood academic achievement results when comparing children from low-income families with those living in middle-income homes Children from low- income homes tend to begin school with weaker skills than their peers from more advantaged backgrounds. Holding young children back a year before they begin their academic career is sometimes thought to help them mature before beginning school. This practice may actually backfire for some of those children from low-income households. During the additional year at home, these children are thought to miss opportunities to cultivate the basic skills that they could develop while taking part in a learning environment-skills suggested to be absent in some low-income families.
Which of the following summarizes the main argument of the passage?
A. Children cannot receive an adequate education at home.
B. Children from low-income homes should begin school a year early
C. Children do not need an extra year to mature before beginning school.
D. Children’s initial entry to school should not be delayed
D. Children’s initial entry to school should not be delayed.
Delaying their initial entry to school can cause some children to actually fall behind their peers in learning. Some studies have shown differing early childhood academic achievement results when comparing children from low-income families with those living in middle-income homes Children from low- income homes tend to begin school with weaker skills than their peers from more advantaged backgrounds. Holding young children back a year before they begin their academic career is sometimes thought to help them mature before beginning school. This practice may actually backfire for some of those children from low-income households. During the additional year at home, these children are thought to miss opportunities to cultivate the basic skills that they could develop while taking part in a learning environment-skills suggested to be absent in some low-income families.
Consider a revision which replaces the terms low-income and middle-income with the terms poor and normal. What effect would this change have on the passage?
A. It would make the passage more specific
B. It would make the passage inaccurate
C. It would make the passage less academic
D. It would make the passage biased.
B. It would make the passage inaccurate
Before you begin cooking, make sure you have a clean skillet, bowl, cutting board, and knife. Dice the jalapenos, cilantro, onions, and tomatoes. Slice two small limes and juice them onto the mixture. Allow this to marinate while you begin to work on the taco meat.
Take out your skillet and place it on the burner. Pour in 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil and heat at medium high heat. Add in the ground beef and two cloves of minced garlic. Season with generous amounts of chili powder, garlic powder, paprika, cumin, salt, and fresh ground black pepper. Once the meat begins to brown, add two cloves of minced garlic. After the meat has cooked through, remove the mixture from the stove. Heat your tortillas in the same skillet you cooked the meat in if you like your tortillas crispy. Once your tortillas are warmed to your liking, load them up with the beef and the diced vegetables that have been marinating in lime juice. Top with crumbled queso fresco if desired.
Which of the following is a step that is missing from the recipe?
A. Mix all the diced vegetables in a large bowl
B. Crumble the queso fresco
C. Purchase the ingredients needed
D. Wash plates to serve the tacos
A. Mix all the diced vegetables in a large bowl
Before you begin cooking, make sure you have a clean skillet, bowl, cutting board, and knife. Dice the jalapenos, cilantro, onions, and tomatoes. Slice two small limes and juice them onto the mixture. Allow this to marinate while you begin to work on the taco meat.
Take out your skillet and place it on the burner. Pour in 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil and heat at medium high heat. Add in the ground beef and two cloves of minced garlic. Season with generous amounts of chili powder, garlic powder, paprika, cumin, salt, and fresh ground black pepper. Once the meat begins to brown, add two cloves of minced garlic. After the meat has cooked through, remove the mixture from the stove. Heat your tortillas in the same skillet you cooked the meat in if you like your tortillas crispy. Once your tortillas are warmed to your liking, load them up with the beef and the diced vegetables that have been marinating in lime juice. Top with crumbled queso fresco if desired.
Which step contradicts “Once the meat begins to brown, add two cloves of minced garlic”?
A. Once the meat has cooked through, remove the mixture from the stove
B. Add in the ground beef and two cloves of minced garlic.
C. O-Allow this to marinate while you begin to work on the tacos
D. Season with generous amounts of chili powder, garlic powder, paprika, cumin, salt, and fresh ground black pepper.
B. Add in the ground beef and two cloves of minced garlic.
Attempted Assassination of Secretary Seward
DETAILS OF THE DREADFUL TRAGEDY
Official
War Department, Washington April 15, 1:30 AM. Maj. Gen. Dis. This evening at about 9:30 PM. at Ford’s Theatre, the President, while sitting in his private box with Mrs. Lincoln, Mr. Hamis, and Major Rathburn was shot by an assassin, who suddenly entered the box and appeared behind the President. The assassin then. leaped upon the stage, brandishing a large dagger or knife, and made his escape in the rear of the theatre. The pistol ball entered the back of the President’s head and penetrated nearly through the head The wound is mortal The President has been insensible ever since it was inflicted, and is now dying.
The pretense of having a prescription, was shown to the Secretary’s sick chamber. The assassin immediately rushed to the bed, and inflicted two or three stabs on the throat and two on the face. It is hoped the wounds may not be mortal. My apprehension is that they will prove fatal.
The nurse alarmed Mr. Frederick Seward, who was in an adjoining room, and hastened to the door of his father’s room, when he met the assassin, who inflicted upon him one or more dangerous wounds. The recovery of Frederick Seward is doubtful.
It is not probable that the President will live throughout the night.
Gen. Grant and wife were advertised to be at the theatre this evening, but he started to Burlington at 6 o’clock this evening. At a Cabinet meeting at which Gen. Grant was present, the subject of the state of the country and the prospect of a speedy peace was discussed. The President was very cheerful and hopeful, and spoke very kindly of Gen. Lee and others of the Confederacy, and of the establishment of government in Virginia.
All the members of the Cabinet except Mr. Seward are now in attendance upon the President. I have seen Mr. Seward, but he and Frederick were both unconscious.
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
The underlined word mortal means:
A. Recuperative
B. Painful
C. Fatal
D. Risky
C. Fatal
Attempted Assassination of Secretary Seward
DETAILS OF THE DREADFUL TRAGEDY
Official
War Department, Washington April 15, 1:30 AM. Maj. Gen. Dis. This evening at about 9:30 PM. at Ford’s Theatre, the President, while sitting in his private box with Mrs. Lincoln, Mr. Hamis, and Major Rathburn was shot by an assassin, who suddenly entered the box and appeared behind the President. The assassin then. leaped upon the stage, brandishing a large dagger or knife, and made his escape in the rear of the theatre. The pistol ball entered the back of the President’s head and penetrated nearly through the head The wound is mortal The President has been insensible ever since it was inflicted, and is now dying.
The pretense of having a prescription, was shown to the Secretary’s sick chamber. The assassin immediately rushed to the bed, and inflicted two or three stabs on the throat and two on the face. It is hoped the wounds may not be mortal. My apprehension is that they will prove fatal.
The nurse alarmed Mr. Frederick Seward, who was in an adjoining room, and hastened to the door of his father’s room, when he met the assassin, who inflicted upon him one or more dangerous wounds. The recovery of Frederick Seward is doubtful.
It is not probable that the President will live throughout the night.
Gen. Grant and wife were advertised to be at the theatre this evening, but he started to Burlington at 6 o’clock this evening. At a Cabinet meeting at which Gen. Grant was present, the subject of the state of the country and the prospect of a speedy peace was discussed. The President was very cheerful and hopeful, and spoke very kindly of Gen. Lee and others of the Confederacy, and of the establishment of government in Virginia.
All the members of the Cabinet except Mr. Seward are now in attendance upon the President. I have seen Mr. Seward, but he and Frederick were both unconscious.
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
What is a likely purpose for including so many headlines at the start of the article?
A. To quickly convey the most important information about a significant event
B. To sensationalize a front-page news story
C. To incite panic in readers
D. To fill empty space on the page
Sometimes, your playful pooch might give a little nip to your hand or something else that shouldn’t be bitten. To stop bad biting behaviors, you should attempt to redirect your dog’s attention to an appropriate chew toy. You can do this by placing the toy in their mouth and praising them, causing your canine companion to associate chewing on the chew toy with positive emotions. Another step you can take to redirect biting behavior is to use biting deterrent spray. The spray can be homemade or store-bought. Just make sure that the ingredients won’t make your puppy’s tummy sick!
1. Which of the following terms identifies the author's tone in the passage? A. Sarcastic B. Scientific C. Informal D. Formal
C. Informal
