Reading #11: Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
(15 cards)
define p-value
smallest significance level for which the hypothesis would be rejected.
significance level shows probability of type 1 or type 2 error?
type 1
Power of a test equation
1 − P(Type II error)
Power of a test is prob of type 1 or type 2 error?
probability of rejecting the null when it is false (type 2)
t-statistics v z-stats, which is used when pop variance is known?
z-stats when pop is know, t-stat when pop is unknown
when population variances are equal or unequal, how to enter into denom. in test sample?
when equal - use pooled sample variances, when unequal, use variance of the two samples
define null hypothesis
hypothesis to be tested and is considered true until proven false
define a test statistic
“test statistic is a quantity, calculated based on a sample, whose value is the basis for deciding whether or not to reject the null hypothesis”
how is probability of a type 1 error denoted?
alpha, or level of significance
what does a significance level of .05 mean?
there is a 5% chance of a type 1 error / rejecting the true null hypothesis
define the power of a test
“probability of correctly rejecting the null—that is, the probability of rejecting the null when it is false.”
what is a paired comparisons test?
“the mean of the differences between the paired observations of two dependent, normally distributed samples.”
Mann-Whitney U-test
non-parametic test used to help determine differences between means
define non-parametic test
“test that is not concerned with a parameter, or a test that makes minimal assumptions about the population from which the sample comes”
Wilcoxon signed-rank test vs Wilcoxon signed-rank test Sign Test
test concerning single mean v. test concerning mean differences (paired comparisons)
