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GFES > Reactor Theory > Flashcards

Reactor Theory Flashcards

Reactor theory -

1
Q

What is nuclear stability

A

Ability if an atom to resist change.

It is affected by the neutron to proton ratio.

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2
Q

What is binding energy

A

The amount of energy required to separate an atom

Equivalent to mass defect

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3
Q

What is binding energy per nucleon

A

Average amount of energy to remove a nucleon

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4
Q

What is mass defect

A

Mass of individual parts of atom is greater than mass of whole atom. This is because energy is released during atom formation.

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5
Q

What are 4 fundamental forces in order of strength

A

1) strong force
2) electromagnetic force
3) weak force
4) gravitational force

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6
Q

What is fissile material

A

Material that can fission solely due to neutron energy (thermal neutron) U235 is Fissile

All fissile material is fissionable, but not all fissionable material is fissile

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7
Q

What is fissionable material

A

Material that can undergo fission but requires additional energy in the form of neutron kinetic energy
U238 can fission but it requires a fast neutron

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8
Q

Critical energy

A

The amount of energy required for fission to occur

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9
Q

Describe strong force

A

Strongest of natural forces

Acts on nucleons (protons and neutrons) and binds them together. It’s range is quite small (size of nucleus)

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10
Q

Describe electromagnetic force

A

Force that acts between charged particles either to repel or attract. This force extends over and infinite range and is cumulative.

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11
Q

Mass defect

A

When an atom is formed energy is released.
E=Mc’2
Mass of atom combined is less than mass of it’s parts. Because energy is released during formation

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12
Q

Binding energy

A

Energy required to split an atom

Binding energy and mass defect are equivalent

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13
Q

What is the standard notation of an atom

A
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14
Q

What are coulomb and nuclear forces

A

Coulomb force is when two charged particles with the same charge slightly separated experience repulsion

Nuclear forces of attraction are produced when adjacent nucleons are involved

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15
Q

What is the mass-energy equivalence

A 
E=mc^2
E= energy released MeV
m=mass (AMU)
c=speed of light (m/sec)
931.5(MeV/AMU)
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16
Q

What is the macroscopic cross section

A

It represents the interaction probability per unit length of the neutron’s travel.

17
Q

What is the mean free path

A

The average distance that the neutron would travel through the material before undergoing an interaction

18
Q

What is Uranium’s atomic number and how many protons and neutrons does it have

A

Uranium is U with atomic number of 92
It has 92 proton and 146 neutrons U 238
Atomic mass is 238.02891

19
Q

Fission Product equilibrium

A

When new nuclei are being created in an operating reactor it is possible for the concentration of a nuclide to build in to eventually reach equilibrium. Since the production rate is a constant (at a constant power level) the concentration merely has to increase until the total decay rate (λN) is equal to the production rate.

We essentially reach equilibrium in 5-7 half lives

20
Q

Fission Energy

A

The various processes that accompany fission result in liberation of energy - U235 produces approximately 200MeV
83% - initial kinetic energy fission fragments
6% - initial kinetic from neutron and gamma ray released
7% - delayed release of gamma rays and beta particles (decay heat)
5% - is lost in the form of neutrinos

21
Q

What is a prompt neutron

A

Prompt neutron is a neutron born before 10^-14 seconds - neutron from initial fission

Prompt neutrons make up most neutrons but require more collisions to become a thermal neutron.

22
Q

What is a delayed neutron

A

Delayed neutron is neutron born after 10^-14 seconds. Born from secondary fission reaction.

There are less in core but they require less collisions to become thermal neutrons.

23
Q

What is K eff

A

K eff is the #neutrons from fission in one generation / # neutrons in previous generation

24
Q

Fast fission factor

A

Fast neutrons produced by ALL fission events/ fast neutrons produced by THERMAL fission evet

GFES (1 decks)

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