Reactivity Series and acids Flashcards
Which metals react with cold air?
From potassium to silver
Everything except gold
What is the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Carbon Iron Hydrogen Tin Lead Copper Silver Gold
Which metals react when heated in warm air?
Potassium to copper
What happens when a metal reacts with air?
They form a metal oxide
What would happen if you reacted potassium or sodium with an acid?
It would explode
Which metals react with hydrochloride and sulfuric acids?
From calcium to tin.
What I’ll form when a metal reacts with a hydrochloric or sulfuric acid?
Hydrogen and a metal sulfate/chloride is formed.
What can you tell if a displacement reaction occurs between two metals?
The metal that takes the oxygen is more reactive.
What will happen if magnesium is heated with carbon dioxide?
It will become magnesium oxide and carbon.
What is oxidation?
The gain of oxygen
What does it mean if a substance is oxidised?
It gains oxygen.
What is reduction?
The loss of oxygen
What is a redox reaction?
A redox reaction occur here both reduction and oxidation are occurring.
What is a reducing agent?
A substance which reduces something else, I.e. removes oxygen from another substance.
What is an oxidising agent?
A substance which oxidised something else, i.e. gives oxygen to another substance.
When does rusting occur?
When iron or steel react with oxygen and water.
Why will a bridge react faster if it close to the sea?
Salt speeds up the reaction.
What is a barrier method to prevent rusting?
Painting/oiling/greasing or covering iron in plastic, preventing oxygen or water from getting to it.
What is a sacrificial method to prevent rusting?
Metals that are more reactive than iron can be placed next to iron as they will react instead of iron.
What is an example of a sacrificial method to prevent iron fro rusting?
Galvanising - coating iron with a layer of zinc. Or attaching large lumps of magnesium or zinc to react instead of iron.
What colour is litmus paper in acid?
Red
What colour is litmus paper in bases?
Blue
What colour is methyl orange in acid?
Red
What colour is methyl orange in a base?
Yellow
What colour is methyl orange in a neutral solution?
Yellow
What colour is phenolphthalein in acid?
Colourless
What colour is phenolphthalein in bases
Pink
What colour is phenolphthalein a neutral solution?
Colourless
What colour is universal indicator in acid?
Red
What colour is universal indicator in a base?
Blue
What colour is universal indicator in a neutral solution?
Green
What is an acid?
A source of H+ ions.
What is a base?
A source of OH- ions.
What does the pH scale range from?
0-14
What is a strong acid?
A strong acid has a high concentration of H+ ions.
What is a dilute acid?
One that contains more water than acid.
Common examples of acids:
Hydrochloric, sulphuric and ethanoic.
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water.
Common alkalis:
Sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia.
Metal + acid?
Salt + hydrogen
Metal + sulfuric acid
Metal sulfate + hydrogen
Acid + base
Salt and water
Acid + carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Hydraulic acid + calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
What is neutralisation used in?
The neutralisation of sulphuric acid by ammonia is used to manufacture ammonium sulphate, an important fertiliser.
What is the ionic equation for the neutralisation of am acid and an alkali?
H+ + OH- = H2O
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction which releases thermal energy into its surroundings, meaning the surroundings increase in temperature.
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction which absorbs thermal energy, and so causes a decrease in the temperatures surroundings.
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid and what does it form?
HCl - forms salt chloride
What is the formula for sulphuric acid and what does it form?
H2SO4 (both small numbers) - forms salt sulfate.
What is the formula for nitric acid and what does it form?
HNO3 (small numbers) - forms salt nitrate
