Reactivity 2.1 Flashcards
What do chemical reactions show about products and reactants in a reaction?
The ratio
How does the balancing of a chemical equation relate to the Law of Conservation of Mass?
No matter can be created or destroyed, so the chemical equations must be balanced i.e. atoms in reactants = atoms in products
Reactants
Elements/compounds consumed in a chemical reaction
Products
Elements/compounds produced by a chemical equation
When is a chemical equation balanced?
When atoms in reactants = atoms in products
Steps for balancing a chemical reaction
Word equation, unbalanced chemical equation, balancing, symbols of state
What is a precipitate?
An insoluble ionic compound
Ionic compounds consisting of these ions are generally soluble (no exceptions)
Na+
K+
NH4+
NO3-
CH3COO-
Exceptions to ionic compounds containing ions of Cl-, Br-, I- being generally soluble
Ag+
Pb2+
Exceptions to ionic compounds consisting of ions of SO42-, Cr2O72- being generally soluble
Pb2+
Ba2+
Ag+
Ca2+
Exceptions to ionic compounds containing CO32-, PO43- and S2- being generally insoluble
Na+
K+
NH4+
Exceptions to ionic compounds containing OH- being generally insoluble
Na+
K+
NH4+
Ba2+
Ca2+
Ionic equation
Balanced equation which only contains species that underwent change during the chemical reactions i.e. only includes species that underwent bond breaking and/or bond making
Spectator ions
Ions (liquid or aqueous) that remain unchanged during the reaction
What happens to spectator ions in an ionic equation?
Omitted
In a precipitation reaction, which ions are included in the ionic equation?
Ions that eventually end up in precipitate
Steps for writing ionic equations
Write a full chemical equation for the reaction
Show the individual ions for any species that will be present as separate ions (liquid/ aqueous ionic compounds and aqueous acids)
Eliminate any spectator ions
Write the ionic equation
Which ions are written as separate ions in an ionic equation?
Liquid and aqueous ionic compounds
Aqueous acids