Reactivity 1.3—Energy from fuels

Question 1

What will undergo combustion reactions when heated in oxygen?

Answer 1

Reactive metals, non-metals and organic compounds

Question 2

What are the equations for reactions of combustion, including hydrocarbons and alcohols?

Answer 2

?hydrocarbon/alcohol -> ?C02 + ?H2O

Question 3

Incomplete combustion of organic compounds produce?

Answer 3

carbon monoxide and carbon

Question 4

whats some equations for the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and alcohols?

Answer 4

hydrocarbon -> ?C0+?C2 + ?H2O

Question 5

What might be observed when a fuel such as methane is burned in a limited supply of oxygen?

Question 6

what are the different advantages and disadvantages of types of fossil fuels?

Question 7

What the amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere when different fuels burn?

Question 8

what is the link between carbon dioxide levels and the greenhouse effect?

Question 9

Why do larger hydrocarbons have a greater tendency to undergo incomplete combustion?

Question 10

What are some of the environmental, economic, ethical and social implications of burning fossil fuels?

Question 11

What is a fuel cell used for?

Answer 11

A fuel cell can be used to convert chemical energy from a fuel directly to electrical energy.

Question 12

what are the half-equations for the electrode reactions in a fuel cell?

Question 13

name two fuels for fuel cells?

Answer 13

Hydrogen and methanol

Question 14

How are Biofuels produced?

Answer 14

Biofuels are produced from the biological fixation of carbon over a short period of time through photosynthesis

Question 15

What are reactants and products of photosynthesis? (the equation)

Answer 15

6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
carbondioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

Question 16

What’s the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?

Answer 16

Renewable fuels are able to replenish themselves, while non-renewable cannot.

Non-renewable sources are called fossil fuels and are made from dead plants and animals and are compressed underground with heat over many years.

80% of the fuels being used are fossil fuels and they contribute to the greenhouse gases and climate change.

Renewable sources are considered more sustainable because they do not produce pollutants and greenhouse gases, except for bio fuels as they will produce carbon dioxide but it is the same amount as the CO used for it to grow.

Question 17

What are the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels?

Answer 17

Advantages
Energy efficiency more than four time the amount of energy is produced than gasoline
Health benefits as less particulates released
Sustainable
Reducing green house gas
It is safer to grow biofuels than to drill for fossil fuels
Biodegrable so better from the enviroment
Disadvantages
Demands alot of land - might lead to deforestation or land taken from farming
More expensive than fossil fuels
Pollution from fertilsers and pesticides can pollute water
monocultures can deplete nitrates from the soil
increased Nitrogen oxide emissions
less sutiable in lower temperatures

Question 18

What are the implications of using biofuels vs fossil fuels?

Answer 18

They are alot better for the enviroment than fossil fuels. But because they have a high production cost and need a large area to make a small amount of fuel it would be hard to replace fossil fuels completely

Question 19

How does limiting the supply of oxygen in combustion affect the products and increase health risks?

Answer 19

the more limited the supply of oxygen the incomplete combustion so there will be more carbon particulates and more carbon monoxide which is toxic and bad for health