Reactions of Alkyl halides Flashcards
The reactivity of alkyl halides is due to the?
polarity of C-X bond
Name some Nucleophiles
OH⁻ , RO⁻ , HS−, CN−, NH3 , NH−2 , RCOO−
What are the two mechanisms of Nucleophilic substitution reactions?
SN1 (Substitution Nucleophilic unimolecular) and SN2 (Substitution Nucleophilic bimolecular)
How many steps are in SN1 mechanism?
2
How many steps are in SN2 mechanism?
1
In which mechanism a transition state is formed and is only a one step mechanism?
SN2
SN1 is a mechanism of how many steps ?
2
the slow step is called ?
Rate determining step
3° alkyl halides undergo which mechanism?
SN1
2° Alkyl halides undergo which mechanism?
both SN2 and SN1 depending upon the nature of the solvent in which reaction is carried out
1° alkyl halides undergo which mechanism?
SN2
CH3-X undergo which mechanism?
SN2
polar solvents favor which mechanism?
SN1
non polar solvents favor which mechanism?
SN2
formation of Grignard’s reagent
R-X + Mg in the presence of anhydrous ether —> R-Mg-X
the positively charged part in Grignard’s reagent is
Mg metal is electrophilic in nature and is +ve in RMgX
the negatively charged part of Grignard’s reagent is
R
Hydrolysis of Grignard’s reagent forms?
R-Mg-X + H-OH —> R-H + Mg-X-OH (alkane formation)
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with alcohol
R-Mg-X + R-OH —>
R-H + Mg-X-RO⁻
alkane
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with ammonia
R-Mg-X + H-N⁻H2 —>
R-H + Mg-X-N⁻H2
alkane
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with amine
R-Mg-X + R-N⁻H2 —->
R-R + Mg-X-N⁻H2
alkane
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with alkyl halide
R-Mg-X + R-X —->
R-R + Mg-X2
alkane
Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with CO2
