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Chemistry Semester 2 > Reactions in Aqueous Solution Round 1 > Flashcards

Reactions in Aqueous Solution Round 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid produced by a reaction between two solutions.

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2
Q

Define acid.

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution.

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that either contains the oxide (O²⁻) or hydroxide ion (OH⁻) or produces the hydroxide ion in aqueous solution.

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4
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution, based on the concentration of hydrogen ions.

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5
Q

Describe a precipitation reaction.

A

A reaction in which a precipitate is produced.

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6
Q

What is solubility?

A

The degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent.

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7
Q

What is a volumetric flask used for?

A

Preparing solutions of precise concentrations in the lab.

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8
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A substance that changes color in solution depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic.

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9
Q

What is a complete ionic equation?

A

An equation that shows all ions present in solution.

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10
Q

Define molarity.

A

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

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11
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

An ion that is present in the same form on each side of a chemical equation and does not participate in the reaction.

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12
Q

What does neutralization involve?

A

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

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13
Q

Define amphoteric.

A

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on other reactants.

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14
Q

What is dilution?

A

The process of adding water to a solution to reduce its concentration.

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15
Q

Define alkali.

A

A soluble base.

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16
Q

What is hydronium ion?

A

(H₃O⁺)

The ion produced when a hydrogen ion (H⁺) attaches to a water molecule.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of a universal indicator?

A

To display a range of colors when added to solutions of different pH levels.

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18
Q

What is the relationship between hydrogen ion and hydronium ion concentrations?

A

Hydronium ions are formed when hydrogen ions attach to water molecules in aqueous solutions.

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19
Q

What does neutral mean in terms of pH?

A

Neither acidic nor basic, with a pH of 7.

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20
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that completely dissociates into ions in water, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺).

21
Q

Define weak acid.

A

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution, releasing fewer hydrogen ions compared to a strong acid.

22
Q

What is a conjugate base?

A

The species formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion (H⁺).

23
Q

Define conjugate acid.

A

The species formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion (H⁺).

24
Q

What is dissociation in chemistry?

A

The process by which an ionic compound separates into its individual ions in solution.

25
Q

What is titration?

A

A technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

26
Q

Define end point in titration.

A

The point at which the indicator changes color, signaling that the reaction is complete.

27
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution of known concentration used in titrations.

28
Q

What does pKa represent?

A

The logarithmic measure of the strength of an acid, specifically the pH at which an acid is half dissociated.

29
Q

What is pOH?

A

The measure of hydroxide ion (OH⁻) concentration, with lower pOH indicating a more basic solution.

30
Q

Define acid dissociation constant (Ka).

A

A value that expresses the strength of an acid in solution, representing the ratio of dissociated ions to undissociated acid.

31
Q

What is a salt in chemistry?

A

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

32
Q

Define saturation in terms of solubility.

A

A solution is saturated when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

33
Q

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than it would under normal circumstances, often achieved by heating and then slowly cooling.

34
Q

What is avogadro’s number?

A

6.022×10(23), the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance.

35
Q

Define molar mass.

A

The mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole (g/mol).

36
Q

What is stoichiometry?

A

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation.

37
Q

Explain limiting reactant.

A

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting the amount of products formed.

38
Q

Define excess reactant.

A

The reactant that remains after the limiting reactant is used up in a chemical reaction.

39
Q

Amphoteric

A

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on other reactants.

40
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

Solutions in which water is the solvent.

41
Q

Solvent

A

A substance, usually liquid, in which other materials dissolve to form a solution.

42
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

43
Q

Neutralization

A

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

44
Q

Neutral

A

Neither acidic nor basic, pH of 7.

45
Q

Molarity

A

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

46
Q

Dilution

A

The process of adding water to a solution to reduce its concentration.
Hydronium Ion (H₃O⁺)

47
Q

Net Ionic Equations

A

Equations that only include the ions that take part in the chemical reaction; spectator ions are excluded.

48
Q

Indicator

A

A substance that changes color in solution depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic.

49
Q

Hydronium

A

The ion produced when a hydrogen ion (H⁺) attaches to a water molecule.

Chemistry Semester 2 (14 decks)

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