Reactions in Aqueous Solution Round 1

Question 1

What is a precipitate?

Answer 1

A solid produced by a reaction between two solutions.

Question 2

Define acid.

Answer 2

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution.

Question 3

What is a base?

Answer 3

A substance that either contains the oxide (O²⁻) or hydroxide ion (OH⁻) or produces the hydroxide ion in aqueous solution.

Question 4

What does the pH scale measure?

Answer 4

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution, based on the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 5

Describe a precipitation reaction.

Answer 5

A reaction in which a precipitate is produced.

Question 6

What is solubility?

Answer 6

The degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent.

Question 7

What is a volumetric flask used for?

Answer 7

Preparing solutions of precise concentrations in the lab.

Question 8

What is an indicator?

Answer 8

A substance that changes color in solution depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic.

Question 9

What is a complete ionic equation?

Answer 9

An equation that shows all ions present in solution.

Question 10

Define molarity.

Answer 10

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 11

What is a spectator ion?

Answer 11

An ion that is present in the same form on each side of a chemical equation and does not participate in the reaction.

Question 12

What does neutralization involve?

Answer 12

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

Question 13

Define amphoteric.

Answer 13

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on other reactants.

Question 14

What is dilution?

Answer 14

The process of adding water to a solution to reduce its concentration.

Question 15

Define alkali.

Answer 15

A soluble base.

Question 16

What is hydronium ion?

Answer 16

(H₃O⁺)

The ion produced when a hydrogen ion (H⁺) attaches to a water molecule.

Question 17

What is the purpose of a universal indicator?

Answer 17

To display a range of colors when added to solutions of different pH levels.

Question 18

What is the relationship between hydrogen ion and hydronium ion concentrations?

Answer 18

Hydronium ions are formed when hydrogen ions attach to water molecules in aqueous solutions.

Question 19

What does neutral mean in terms of pH?

Answer 19

Neither acidic nor basic, with a pH of 7.

Question 20

What is a strong acid?

Answer 20

An acid that completely dissociates into ions in water, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺).

Question 21

Define weak acid.

Answer 21

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution, releasing fewer hydrogen ions compared to a strong acid.

Question 22

What is a conjugate base?

Answer 22

The species formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion (H⁺).

Question 23

Define conjugate acid.

Answer 23

The species formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion (H⁺).

Question 24

What is dissociation in chemistry?

Answer 24

The process by which an ionic compound separates into its individual ions in solution.

Question 25

What is titration?

Answer 25

A technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Question 26

Define end point in titration.

Answer 26

The point at which the indicator changes color, signaling that the reaction is complete.

Question 27

What is a standard solution?

Answer 27

A solution of known concentration used in titrations.

Question 28

What does pKa represent?

Answer 28

The logarithmic measure of the strength of an acid, specifically the pH at which an acid is half dissociated.

Question 29

What is pOH?

Answer 29

The measure of hydroxide ion (OH⁻) concentration, with lower pOH indicating a more basic solution.

Question 30

Define acid dissociation constant (Ka).

Answer 30

A value that expresses the strength of an acid in solution, representing the ratio of dissociated ions to undissociated acid.

Question 31

What is a salt in chemistry?

Answer 31

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

Question 32

Define saturation in terms of solubility.

Answer 32

A solution is saturated when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Question 33

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 33

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than it would under normal circumstances, often achieved by heating and then slowly cooling.

Question 34

What is avogadro’s number?

Answer 34

6.022×10(23), the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance.

Question 35

Define molar mass.

Answer 35

The mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole (g/mol).

Question 36

What is stoichiometry?

Answer 36

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation.

Question 37

Explain limiting reactant.

Answer 37

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting the amount of products formed.

Question 38

Define excess reactant.

Answer 38

The reactant that remains after the limiting reactant is used up in a chemical reaction.

Question 39

Amphoteric

Answer 39

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on other reactants.

Question 40

Aqueous Solution

Answer 40

Solutions in which water is the solvent.

Question 41

Solvent

Answer 41

A substance, usually liquid, in which other materials dissolve to form a solution.

Question 42

Concentration

Answer 42

The amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

Question 43

Neutralization

Answer 43

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

Question 44

Neutral

Answer 44

Neither acidic nor basic, pH of 7.

Question 45

Molarity

Answer 45

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 46

Dilution

Answer 46

The process of adding water to a solution to reduce its concentration. Hydronium Ion (H₃O⁺)

Question 47

Net Ionic Equations

Answer 47

Equations that only include the ions that take part in the chemical reaction; spectator ions are excluded.

Question 48

Indicator

Answer 48

A substance that changes color in solution depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic.

Question 49

Hydronium

Answer 49

The ion produced when a hydrogen ion (H⁺) attaches to a water molecule.