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Chemistry Organic > Reactions For Aliphatic > Flashcards

Reactions For Aliphatic Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

Halogen
UV light

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2
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2/ nickel catalyst

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3
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Hydrogen Halide

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4
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH (aq)

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5
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H2O (steam)/ H3PO4

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6
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Sodium halide/ H2SO4

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7
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

H3PO4 or H2SO4
Heat

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8
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN minus
Ethanolic conditions (ethanol)

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9
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

NH3/ethanol

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10
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

H2 nickel catalyst

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11
Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7 acidified
Distillation
1 [O]

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12
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid?

A

K2Cr2O7 reflux
2[O]

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13
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7
[O]

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14
Q

Aldehyde and ketone back to alcohol

A

NaBH4

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15
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+
Both aqueous

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16
Q

Hydroxynitrile to amine

A

H2/Ni

17
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid/ conc H2SO4
Or Acid anhydride

18
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol and conc h2so4

19
Q

Ester to Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid heat

20
Q

Ester to carboxylate salt

A

OH-
Heat

21
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

22
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Alcohol

23
Q

Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid

A

H2O

24
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3

25
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Primary amine

26
Q

What are curly arrows?

A

The movement of electrons

27
Q

Markownikoff rule

A

halide is added to the carbon with the least hydrogens for stability.
Hydrogen is added to the carbon with the most hydrogens hydrogens

28
Q

Carbocation stability

A

Carbocation stability is linked to electron donating ability of alkyl groups
Each alkyl group donates and pushes electrons to the positive carbocations
Positive charge us spread out
More alkyl groups= more charge spread out= ion is more stable

29
Q

Major product is

A

Addition of halogen to the most stable carbocation

30
Q

Nucleophile

A

Donate a pair of lone electrons

31
Q

Electrophile

A

Accept an electron pair

32
Q

What happens to rate of hydrolysis with haloalkanes?

A

Rate of hydrolysis increases as strength of carbon-halogen bond decreases.
Less energy needed to break the bonds

33
Q

Ester bond looks like:

A

C double bond O attached to an O

Chemistry Organic (3 decks)

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