Reactions Flashcards
January exam
What are the neutralisation reaction?
metal oxide + acid = salt + water.
metal hydroxide + acid = salt and water.
What does the term base mean?
Soluble in water
What does the term acidic mean?
Insoluble in water.
What does the term amphoteric mean?
Reacts with acids and alkali to produce salt.
What is a bauxite?
Mixture of hydrated aluminium oxide and compounds.
What happens when bauxite is reacted with sodium hydroxide?
Converts aluminium oxide in the ore is soluble to sodium tetrahydroxoaluminium.
What is the bayer process?
A bauxite ore is crushed and heated in a pressure vessel along with sodium hydroixde solution at a temperature of 150 to 200. The aluminium is dissolved as sodium aluminate is an extraction process.
Why is the bayer process expensive?
High temperature and pressure, lots of steps and uses lots of raw materials.
What is electrolysis?
Splitting up substances using electricity.
Are metal oxides and metal hydroxides bases or acids?
bases
Which ions are attracted to an positive electroyte and what type of reaction is this?
oxygen and it is oxidisation
Which ions are attracted to a negative electrolyte and what type of reaction is this?
aluminium and it is reduction
Why is the electrolyte mixed with cryolite?
reduces the melting point of aluminium oxide.
What is the process of titanium extraction?
extracted from its one ore. it is first converted into titanium chloride then reduced to titanium using either magnesium or sodium. only a small amount can be made at once.
How do you name an alkane?
find the longest chain of carbons and name it. identify any side chains and add then using ‘yl’. state the location of any side chains. state the side chains and location first then the parent chain.
Where are the transition metals found?
in the d block.
what are the properties of the d block?
hard and strong, shiny, good thermal and electrical conductor and high tensile strength; malleable and ductile.
When is iron used in the haber process?
as a catalyst.
When is vanadium oxide used?
In the contact process.
What are catalysts?
Reduces the activation energy for a reaction by giving he chemicals an alternative pathway for the reaction.
What is the contact process?
Makes sulphur dioxide, converts the sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide
What is oxidised mean?
electrons lost.
What does reduction mean?
electrons gained.
What is the haber process?
making ammonia.
What factors increase the yield of the haber process?
temperature and pressure.
What does the term symmetrical mean?
alkanes have the same atoms on both sides of the double bond.
What does the term asymmetrical mean?
alkanes have different atoms on each side
What does the term chain isomers mean?
must have 4 or more carbons.
what does the term position isomers mean?
Molecules with the same carbon chain and functional group but the functional group are on different carbons of the chain.
What does the term functional group mean?
molecular formula but different functional group. they belong to different organic formula’s.
What does the term stereoisomerism mean?
Compounds that have the same structural formula but the arrangement of their atoms in space is different.
