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Orgo 2 > Reactions > Flashcards

Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

what is grignard reagent? what are the limitations?

A

R-MgX, limitations: -OH, H+, H2O

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2
Q

combining a grignard reagent w/ an aldehyde forms what?

A

secondary alcohol

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3
Q

combining a grignard reagent w/ a ketone forms what?

A

tertiary alcohol

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4
Q

what is the mechanism for grignard?

A

step 1: R group from RMgX attacks carbonyl, which then break C=O bond
step 2: the negatively charged oxygen attacks H from H3O+ to form major product

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5
Q

what type of product does an ester produce from grignard reagent? and how does it happen?

A

tertiary alcohol, by adding two R groups to ester

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6
Q

what is wolffkishner reaction?

A

total reduction, all oxygens are gone

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7
Q

what is witting reaction?

A

turns aldehydes/ketones to alkenes, by reacting with PPh3

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8
Q

what is the gilman reagent?

A

R2CuLi

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9
Q

what does gilman reagent do?

A

converts alkly halide to alkane, replaces them

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10
Q

what does gilman reagent do to alpha beta unsaturated ketones

A

adds R group to beta position

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11
Q

what is an amine reaction

A

replaces C=O with C=N , only when what?

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12
Q

what happens when secondary amine reacts with ketone/aldehyde?

A

C=O turns into C=Rgroup and that same C single bonded to N

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13
Q

what reagents can be used to reduced ketones/aldehydes

A

LiAlH4 & NaBH4

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14
Q

what are the limitations for reagent NaBH4

A

can only reduce ketones and aldehydes, not ester & etc.

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15
Q

what does reduction do to ketone?

A

reduces C=O to C-OH, making it secondary alcohol

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16
Q

what does reduction do to aldehyde

A

reduces C=O to C-O and adds H to primary C, making it primary alcohol

17
Q

what happens to carbons during reduction reaction

A

number of carbons stays the same

18
Q

what happens during cyanohydrin reaction

A

HCN reacts with ketone/aldehyde and forms OH and a substituent of C triple bond N

19
Q

what happens during reduction of carboxylic acid

A

using LiAlH4 the O is reduced and two Hs form

20
Q

what occurs during acid base reaction with carboxylic acids

A

H2O is formed as side product and OH is reduced to O- with Na+ on side

21
Q

what happens during carboxylic reaction with SOCl2

A

OH is replaced with Cl

22
Q

fisher esterification

A

acid with alcohol and HCl pushing the reaction to form H2O as side product and ester

23
Q

preparation of nitriles

A

alkyl halide with NaCN forms a C triple bond N nitrile

24
Q

reaction of nitrile (acid-catalyzed)

A

nitrile reacts with H3O+ to form carboxylic acid

25
Q

reaction of nitriles (base-catalyzed0

A

nitrile reacts with OH- to form R-C-(O-)=O and then H3o reacts to form carboxylic acid

26
Q

nitriles with grignard reagent

A

form C=O with two R groups

27
Q

what does nitrile hydrolysis do?

A

forms carboxylic acid by using alkyl halide to react with NaCN to replace Br with CN and H3o+ reacts to form COOH

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