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1
Q

Alkene -> Alkane conditions?

A

Hydrogenation using hydrogen and Ni or Pt catalyst

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2
Q

Alkene -> Dihaloalkane conditions?

A

Halogenation using halogen in the dark

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3
Q

Alkene -> Alkane reaction?

A

Addition

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4
Q

Alkene -> Dihaloalkane reaction?

A

Electrophilic addition

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5
Q

Alkene + Bromine Water observation?

A

Orange bromine water decolourises

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6
Q

Alkene -> Haloalkane conditions?

A

Hydrogen halide, no catalyst, room temperature

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7
Q

Alkene + Hydrogen Halide reaction?

A

Electrophilic Addition

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8
Q

Alkene -> Alcohol conditions?

A

H2O, phosphoric acid catalyst, steam

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9
Q

Alkene -> Alcohol reaction?

A

Hydration
Electrophilic addition

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10
Q

Alkene polymerisation reaction?

A

Addition polymerisation

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11
Q

Alcohol -> Alkene conditions?

A

Heat with conc. sulfuric acid

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12
Q

Alcohol -> Alkene reaction?

A

Elimination, produces H2O

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13
Q

Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde conditions?

A

Heat under distillation with aqueous acidified K2Cr2O7

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14
Q

Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde observations?

A

Orange solution turns green

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15
Q

Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde reaction?

A

Oxidation, produces H2O

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16
Q

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid conditions?

A

Heat under reflux, aqueous acidic K2Cr2O7

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17
Q

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid observation?

A

Orange solution turns green

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18
Q

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid reaction?

A

Oxidation, produces H2O

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19
Q

Secondary Alcohol-> Ketone conditions?

A

Heat under reflux with aqueous acidified K2Cr2O7

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20
Q

Secondary Alcohol-> Ketone observation?

A

Orange solution turns green

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21
Q

Secondary Alcohol-> Ketone reaction?

A

Oxidation, produces H2O

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22
Q

Alcohol -> Haloalkane conditions?

A

conc. H2SO4, NaCl/NaBr

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23
Q

Alcohol -> Haloalkane reaction?

A

Substitution, produces H2O

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24
Q

Haloalkane -> Alcohol with alkali conditions?

A

Aqueous alkali, heat

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25
Q

Haloalkane -> Alcohol with alkali reaction?

A

Nucleophilic substitution, forms :Br-

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26
Q

Haloalkane -> Alcohol with water conditions?

A

Heat with water

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27
Q

Haloalkane -> Alcohol with water reaction?

A

Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide

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28
Q

Haloalkane -> Amine conditions?

A

Heat with excess ammonia, dissolved in ethanol

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29
Q

Haloalkane -> Primary Amine reaction?

A

Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide

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30
Q

Haloalkane -> Secondary Amine conditions?

A

Heat with excess primary amine dissolved in ethanol

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31
Q

Haloalkane -> Secondary Amine reaction?

A

Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide

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32
Q

Haloalkane -> Nitrile conditions?

A

Sodium or potassium cyanide dissolved in ethanol

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33
Q

Haloalkane -> Nitrile reaction?

A

Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide

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34
Q

Nitration of an aromatic ring conditions?

A

Conc. HNO3 and conc H2SO4

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35
Q

Nitration of an aromatic ring reaction?

A

Electrophilic substitution, forms H2O

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36
Q

Halogenation of an aromatic ring conditions?

A

Halogen carrier catalyst

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37
Q

Halogenation of an aromatic ring reaction?

A

Electrophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide

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38
Q

Alkylation of an aromatic ring conditions?

A

Halogen carrier catalyst

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39
Q

Alkylation of an aromatic ring reaction?

A

Electrophilic substitution

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40
Q

Acylation of an aromatic ring conditions?

A

Halogen carrier catalyst

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41
Q

Acylation of an aromatic ring reaction?

A

Electrophilic substitution, forms a ketone

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42
Q

Phenol -> phenoxide conditions?

A

Alkali, no catalyst needed

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43
Q

Phenol -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol conditions?

A

3Br2, no catalyst

44
Q

Phenol -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol reaction?

A

Electrophilic substitution, produces 3HBr

45
Q

Phenol -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol observation?

A

Bromine is decolourised, white precipitate forms

46
Q

Phenol -> phenolic ester conditions?

A

Acyl chloride, no catalyst

47
Q

Phenol -> phenolic ester reaction?

A

Condensation, forms HCl

48
Q

Aldehyde/ketone + 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine observation?

A

Forms orange or yellow precipitate

49
Q

Aldehyde + Tollens’ Reagent Conditions?

A

Warm with Tollens’ reagent

50
Q

Aldehyde + Tollens’ Reagent observation?

A

Silver mirror will form

51
Q

Aldehyde + Tollens’ Reagent reaction?

A

Redox, forms a carboxylic acid

52
Q

Aldehyde -> Alcohol conditions?

A

NaBH4, aqueous solution

53
Q

Aldehyde -> Alcohol reaction?

A

Nucleophilic addition, forms primary alcohol

54
Q

Ketone -> Alcohol conditions?

A

NaBH4, aqueous solution

55
Q

Ketone -> Alcohol reaction?

A

Nucleophilic addition, forms secondary alcohol

56
Q

Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile conditions?

A

NaCN/KCN, dilute HCl (form acidified aqueous HCN in solution)

57
Q

Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile reaction?

A

Nucleophilic addition

58
Q

Carboxylic Acid + Hydroxide reaction?

A

Neutralisation, forms salt and water

59
Q

Carboxylic Acid + Oxide reaction?

A

Neutralisation, forms salt and water

60
Q

Carboxylic Acid + Carbonates reaction?

A

Neutralisation, forms salt, water and CO2

61
Q

Carboxylic Acid + Metal reaction?

A

Redox, forms salt and hydrogen gas

62
Q

Carboxylic acid -> ester conditions?

A

Alcohol, conc H2SO4 catalyst, heat under reflux

63
Q

Carboxylic acid -> ester reaction?

A

Condensation, forms H2O

64
Q

Carboxylic acid -> amide conditions?

A

Amine, absence of water

65
Q

Carboxylic acid -> amide reaction?

A

Condensation, forms H2O

66
Q

Carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride conditions?

A

Thionyl chloride(SOCl2) no catalyst

67
Q

Carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride reaction?

A

Produces SO2 and HCl

68
Q

Acid anhydride -> ester conditions?

A

Alcohol, warm, no catalyst

69
Q

Acid anhydride -> ester reaction?

A

Condensation, forms carboxylic acid

70
Q

Acyl chloride -> ester conditions?

A

Alcohol, room temperature, no catalyst, absence of water

71
Q

Acyl chloride -> ester reaction?

A

Condensation, forms HCl

72
Q

Acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid conditions?

73
Q

Acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid reaction?

A

Hydrolysis, forms HCl

74
Q

Acyl chloride -> primary amide conditions?

A

Ammonia, absence of water

75
Q

Acyl chloride -> primary amide reaction?

A

Condensation, forms HCl

76
Q

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide conditions?

A

Amine, absence of water

77
Q

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide reaction?

A

Condensation, forms HCl

78
Q

Acid hydrolysis of ester conditions?

A

Heat under reflux with aqueous acid, water

79
Q

Acid hydrolysis of ester reaction?

A

Forms alcohol and carboxylic acid

80
Q

Base hydrolysis of ester conditions?

A

Heat under reflux with aqueous alkali

81
Q

Base hydrolysis of ester reaction?

A

Forms alcohol and carbonate salt

82
Q

Aromatic amine synthesis conditions?

A

Heat a nitro-compound under reflux with tin (Sn) and conc HCl (forms 6[H])

83
Q

Aromatic amine synthesis reaction?

A

Reduction, forms 2 water molecules

84
Q

Amine + Water reaction?

A

Reversible acid base reaction. Forms OH- ion and ion of the amine

85
Q

Amine + Acid reaction?

A

Acid base reaction, forms salt

86
Q

Amino acid + acid reaction?

A

Acid base reaction of -NH2 group, forms salt

87
Q

Amino acid + alkali reaction?

A

Acid base reaction of -COOH group, forms salt and water

88
Q

Amino acid + alcohol reaction?

A

Esterification of -COOH group, produces water

89
Q

Amino acid + alcohol conditions?

A

Heat with conc. H2SO4 catalyst

90
Q

Nitrile hydrolysis reaction?

A

Forms ammonium ion

91
Q

Nitrile hydrolysis conditions?

A

Reflux with aqueous HCl

92
Q

Nitrile reduction reaction?

A

Addition reaction

93
Q

Nitrile reduction conditions?

A

Heat with H2, Pt catalyst

94
Q

Formation of a polyester (single monomer) reaction?

A

Condensation polymerisation

95
Q

Formation of a polyester (double monomer) reaction?

A

Condensation polymerisation

96
Q

Formation of a polyester using a diacyl chloride?

A

Condensation polymerisation

97
Q

Formation of a polyamide (single monomer)?

A

Condensation polymerisation

98
Q

Formation of a polyamide (double monomer)?

A

Condensation polymerisation

99
Q

Formation of a polyamide from a diacyl chloride?

A

Condensation polymerisation

100
Q

Polyester hydrolysis acid conditions?

A

Aqueous HCl, heat under reflux

101
Q

Polyester hydrolysis alkaline conditions?

A

Aqueous NaOH, heat under reflux

102
Q

Polyester hydrolysis alkaline conditions reaction?

A

Carboxylic acid groups form salt under alkaline conditions

103
Q

Polyamide hydrolysis acid conditions?

A

Aqueous HCl, heat under reflux

104
Q

Polyamide hydrolysis acid conditions reaction?

A

Amine groups form salt under acidic conditions

105
Q

Polyamide hydrolysis alkaline conditions?

A

Aqueous NaOH, heat under reflux

106
Q

Polyamide hydrolysis alkaline conditions reaction?

A

Carboxylic acid groups form salts under alkaline conditions

Chemistry (3 decks)

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