Reaction to Change at Home and Abroad Flashcards
What was the Noble Faction? What were their beliefs (was this shown in a publication)? - Reaction to Change
The Noble Faction was a royalist group based at the Salon Français. Adamantly supported the monarchy and published the paper ‘Friend of the Royals’ as well as satirical pamphlets.
What was the Breton Club? What were their beliefs? - Reaction to Change
The Breton Club was a liberal political club, supporting voting by head, adoption of a constitution and a National Assembly.
Who were notable members/attendees of the Breton Club? What was the club’s alternative name? - Reaction to Change
The Breton Club was notably attended by Robespierre, Mirabeau, Le Chapelier, Barnave, Abbé Sieyes and others. The club was alternatively known as ‘The Society of the Friends of the Constitution’.
What was the Jacobin Club? Who would be a member (over time)? - Reaction to Change
The Jacobin Club was an offset of the Breton Club, with slightly more radical views than the Bretons. The Club was reserved initially for Active Citizens only, but later opened meetings and discussions to all.
Who notably attended Jacobin Meetings? What were their beliefs? - Reaction to Change
The meetings of Jacobins were attended by Barnave and Robespierre, with them being staunch supporters of a constitutional monarchy and the constitution.
What was the Cordeliers Club? What were their beliefs? - Reaction to Change
The Cordeliers Club was an extreme and radical working-class club, with very low membership fees. They met to discuss grievances and also opposed the distinction between passive and active citizens. Aimed to protect rights.
What was the Société de 89? Why was it formed and who was a member? - Reaction to Change
The Société de 89 was formed by constitutional monarchists breaking from the Jacobins, distressed by increasing radicalism. Its members included Lafayette, Mirabeau, Bailly, Sieyes etc.
How can the membership of the Société de 89 be described? Why were they despised by the Jacobins? - Reaction to Change
The membership of the Société de 89 can be described as being from the extremely rich and powerful of France’s politicians. Despised by the Jacobins as it was seen as a gathering of the elite and privileged.
What was the Feuillant Club? What were its aims? - Reaction to Change
The Feuillant Club was a monarchist-supporting offshoot of the Jacobin Club created following the Flight to Varennes. The Feuillants aimed to de-radicalise the revolution and attract moderates.
What was the size of the Jacobin membership by the end of 1790? - Reaction to Change
By the end of 1790, the Jacobins had over 1000 members after opening up to the Bourgeoisie.
Why were the political clubs around Paris so effective? - Reaction to Change
The Parisian political clubs were particularly effective because there was a club that could be for anyone no matter what area of society they were from. They also utilised propaganda and arenas of debate.
Why had Louis found his position INTOLERABLE in June 1791, prior to the Flight to Varennes? - Reaction to Change
Louis was a prisoner in the Tuileries, he was forced to pass laws he opposed (Civil Constitution), his family was barred from an Easter visit to Saint-Cloud where he would receive mass from a refractory priest, Mirabeau had died (opening a gulf between Louis and the Assembly).
What external forces were offering help to the French royals prior to the Flight to Varennes? How did this influence Louis? - Reaction to Change
Louis was provided with assurances of assistance from Marie-Antoinette’s brother (Leopold, Holy Roman Emperor), who said that he had stationed troops along the border and that he would help them escape.
When did the Flight to Varennes happen? - Reaction to Change
The Flight to Varennes happened on the 20/21st June 1791.
What reasons can be given for the failure of the Flight to Varennes? - Reaction to Change
Louis rejected the suggested route to escape, the departure was delayed, the coach was too heavy so was slowed, Louis was recognised by a postmaster (Drouet) who had been tipped off. The royals were ARRESTED at Varennes.
