Reaction Rates (Collision Theory) Flashcards
What theory explains the rate of a chemical reaction?
Collision Theory
Collision theory states that reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy.
What are the two main factors that determine the rate of a chemical reaction according to collision theory?
- Collision frequency of reacting particles
- Energy transferred during a collision
What is a successful collision in a chemical reaction?
A collision that ends in the particles reacting to form products.
What is the term for the minimum energy required for particles to react upon collision?
Activation energy
How does increasing the number of collisions affect the rate of reaction?
It increases the rate of reaction.
Which factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
- Temperature
- Concentration (or pressure)
- Surface area
What happens to particle movement when the temperature is increased?
Particles move faster.
How does increased temperature affect collision frequency?
It increases the collision frequency.
What is the relationship between temperature and the energy of collisions?
Higher temperatures increase the energy of the collisions.
True or False: Reactions can occur without particles colliding with sufficient energy.
False
Fill in the blank: Increasing the temperature increases the _______ of reaction.
rate
What can be inferred about the reaction rate when there are more successful collisions?
The reaction rate increases.
What does collision theory help to understand?
How various factors affect the reaction rate.
What must happen for a reaction to occur according to collision theory?
Particles must collide with enough energy.
What does increasing concentration (or pressure) do to the rate of a reaction?
It increases the rate of reaction due to more frequent collisions between particles.
In a gas, higher pressure results in particles being more crowded, leading to increased collision frequency.
How does low concentration (or low pressure) affect the rate of a reaction?
It decreases the rate of reaction due to fewer collisions between particles.
Low concentration results in less crowding of particles, which reduces collision frequency.
What effect does breaking a solid into smaller pieces have on the rate of reaction?
It increases the rate of reaction by increasing the surface area to volume ratio.
More surface area means more area for particles to collide, leading to more frequent collisions.
What is the relationship between surface area to volume ratio and the rate of reaction for solids?
A larger surface area to volume ratio results in a faster rate of reaction.
Solids with larger surface areas expose more particles for collisions.
What is the general principle behind the collision theory?
The more often particles collide, the faster the reaction occurs.
This principle highlights the importance of collision frequency in chemical reactions.
True or False: Increasing temperature generally decreases the number of collisions in a reaction.
False
Increasing temperature typically increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to more collisions.
What role do catalysts play in industrial reactions?
Catalysts increase the rate of reactions without being consumed in the process.
They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy.
Fill in the blank: A _______ increases the rate of a reaction by providing a lower activation energy pathway.
catalyst
Catalysts are crucial in many industrial processes to enhance reaction rates.
