Reaction Rate

Question 1

measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time

Answer 1

Rate

Question 2

atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide with one another, provided that the colliding particles have enough kinetic energy

Answer 2

collision theory

Question 3

The minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order to react

Answer 3

activation energy

Question 4

an unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily at the peak of the activation-energy barrier

Answer 4

activated complex

Question 5

The activated complex

Answer 5

transition state

Question 6

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction

Answer 6

catalyst

Question 7

exists in the same physical state as the reaction it catalyzes

Answer 7

homogeneous catalyst

Question 8

exists in a physical state different than that of one of the reaction it catalyzes

Answer 8

heterogeneous catalyst

Question 9

a substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst

Answer 9

inhibitor

Question 10

an expression for the rate of a reaction in terms of the concentration of reactants

Answer 10

rate law

Question 11

defines how the rate is affected by the concentration of that reactant

Answer 11

reaction order

Question 12

numerical value that relates reaction rate and concentration of reactants at a given temperature
(also known as k)

Answer 12

specific rate constant

Question 13

the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of only one reactant

Answer 13

first-order reaction

Question 14

rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant

Answer 14

second-order reaction

Question 15

reaction in which reactants are converted to products in a single step

Answer 15

elementary reaction

Question 16

consists of two or more elementary steps

Answer 16

complex reaction

Question 17

The series of elementary reactions or steps that take place during the course of a complex reaction.

Answer 17

reaction mechanism

Question 18

a product of one of the steps in the reaction mechanism

Answer 18

intermediate

Question 19

The slowest of the elementary steps in a complex reaction

Answer 19

rate-determining step

Question 20

is one in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously

Answer 20

reversible reaction

Question 21

if a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes in a way that relieves the stress

Answer 21

Le Châtelier’s principle

Question 22

The ratio of product concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that substance in the balanced chemical equation

Answer 22

equilibrium constant

Question 23

What four factors influence the rate of a chemical reaction?

Answer 23

Temperature, concentration, particle size, and the use of a catalyst

Question 24

What does it mean if a rate constant is large?

Answer 24

The products form quickly

Question 25

What does it mean if a rate constant is small?

Answer 25

The products form slowly

Question 26

What does an equilibrium constant greater than one mean?

Answer 26

Favors the products

Question 27

What does an equilibrium constant less than one mean?

Answer 27

Favors the reactants