Reaction Pathways

Question 0

Alkenes to alkanes

Answer 0

Hydrogenation
+H2
Catalyst: Pt/ Pd/ Ni
Combustion reaction

Question 1

Alkanes to Alkenes

Answer 1

Dehydrogenation or cracking (a reaction that occurs when alkanes are heated in the presence of a catalyst)
Combustion reaction

Question 2

Crude oil to alkanes

Answer 2

Fractional distillation

Question 3

Alkanes to chloroalkanes

Answer 3

Chlorination
+Cl2 (g)
Catalyst: heat and (uv) light

Question 4

Alkenes to chloroalkanes

Answer 4

+HCl (g)

Catalyst: AlCl3

Question 5

Chloroalkanes to alkanols

Answer 5

NaOH (aq) or KOH (aq)

Question 6

Alkenes to alkanols

Answer 6

Hydrolysis
+H2O

Catalyst: H3PO4 (aq) and heat (300 C)

Question 7

Chloroalkanes to amines

Answer 7

+NH3

Catalyst: ethanol solvent

Question 8

Alkanols to amines

Answer 8

NH3

Catalyst: Al2O3

Question 9

Alkanols to carboxylic acids

Answer 9

Catalyst: MnO4 - (aq) or Cr2O7 2- (aq) AND H+ (aq) (in both cases - makes it acidified)

Question 10

Alkanols + Carboxylic acids makes…

Answer 10

Esters! (___yl ___anoate + H2O)

Condensation reaction
Catalyst: H2SO4 (l)

Question 11

Esters broken down makes…

Answer 11

Alkanols + carboxylic acids!

Hydrolysis reaction
Catalyst: H2O (l)

Question 12

Alkenes to polymers (addition polymerisation)

Answer 12

High temperature + high pressure

Catalyst

Question 13

Alkenes to 1,2-dichloro__ane

Answer 13

Chlorination

+Cl2

Question 14

Alkenes to 1,2-dibromo__ane

Answer 14

Bromination

+Br2