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Chemistry (ALL) > Reaction pathways > Flashcards

Reaction pathways Flashcards

All the important reactions from the course booklet diagram.

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1
Q

How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?

A

-H₂ with a Ni catalyst
-Hydrogenation

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2
Q

How do you get from an alkane to a haloalkane?

A

-Halogen + uv
-Free radical substitution

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3
Q

How do you get from an alkene to a haloalkane?

A

-Hydrogen halide (e.g. HBr)
-Electrophilic addition

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4
Q

How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?

A

-H₃PO₄ with H₂O (steam)

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5
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an alkene?

A

-H₃PO₄ or H₂SO₄ / heat

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6
Q

How do you get from a haloalkane to an alcohol?

A

NaOH (aq)

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7
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to a haloalkane?

A

Sodium halide / H₂SO₄

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8
Q

How do you get from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde?

A

-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Distillation

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9
Q

How do you get from an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?

A

-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Reflux

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10
Q

How do you get from a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid?

A

-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Reflux

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11
Q

How do you get from a secondary alcohol to a ketone?

A

-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Reflux

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12
Q

How do you get from a carboxylic acid to an ester?

A

Alcohol / conc. H₂SO₄

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13
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an ester?

A

Carboxylic acid / conc. H₂SO₄
OR
Acid anhydride

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14
Q

How do you get from an acyl chloride to an ester?

A

Alcohol

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15
Q

How do you get from an ester to a carboxylic acid?

A

Dilute acid / heat

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16
Q

How do you get from an ester to a carboxylate?

A

OH⁻ (hydroxide ion) / heat

17
Q

How do you get from a haloalkane to a nitrile?

A

CN− (cyanide ion) / ethanol

18
Q

How do you get from a haloalkane to an amine?

A

NH₃ / ethanol

19
Q

How do you get from a nitrile to an amine?

A

H₂ with a Ni catalyst

20
Q

How do you get from a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?

A

HCl (aq) / heat

21
Q

How do you get from a ketone to a hydroxynitrile?

A

NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

22
Q

How do you get from a hydroxynitrile to an amine?

A

H₂ with a Ni catalyst

23
Q

How do you get from an aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile?

A

NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

24
Q

How do you get from a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?

A

SOCl₂

25
Q

How do you get from an acyl chloride to a carboxylic acid?

A

H₂O

26
Q

How do you get from an acyl chloride to a primary amide?

A

NH₃

27
Q

How do you get from an acyl chloride to a secondary amide?

A

Primary amine

28
Q

How do get from an aldehyde to a primary alcohol?

A

NaBH₄

29
Q

How do you get from a ketone to a secondary alcohol?

A

NaBH₄

Chemistry (ALL) (3 decks)

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