Reaction pathways Flashcards
All the important reactions from the course booklet diagram. (29 cards)
How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?
-H₂ with a Ni catalyst
-Hydrogenation
How do you get from an alkane to a haloalkane?
-Halogen + uv
-Free radical substitution
How do you get from an alkene to a haloalkane?
-Hydrogen halide (e.g. HBr)
-Electrophilic addition
How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?
-H₃PO₄ with H₂O (steam)
How do you get from an alcohol to an alkene?
-H₃PO₄ or H₂SO₄ / heat
How do you get from a haloalkane to an alcohol?
NaOH (aq)
How do you get from an alcohol to a haloalkane?
Sodium halide / H₂SO₄
How do you get from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde?
-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Distillation
How do you get from an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?
-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Reflux
How do you get from a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid?
-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Reflux
How do you get from a secondary alcohol to a ketone?
-K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄
-Reflux
How do you get from a carboxylic acid to an ester?
Alcohol / conc. H₂SO₄
How do you get from an alcohol to an ester?
Carboxylic acid / conc. H₂SO₄
OR
Acid anhydride
How do you get from an acyl chloride to an ester?
Alcohol
How do you get from an ester to a carboxylic acid?
Dilute acid / heat
How do you get from an ester to a carboxylate?
OH⁻ (hydroxide ion) / heat
How do you get from a haloalkane to a nitrile?
CN− (cyanide ion) / ethanol
How do you get from a haloalkane to an amine?
NH₃ / ethanol
How do you get from a nitrile to an amine?
H₂ with a Ni catalyst
How do you get from a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?
HCl (aq) / heat
How do you get from a ketone to a hydroxynitrile?
NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)
How do you get from a hydroxynitrile to an amine?
H₂ with a Ni catalyst
How do you get from an aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile?
NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)
How do you get from a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?
SOCl₂
