Reaction of metals Flashcards
Define the terms: element, compound, mixture
Element – a substance made of only one type of atom
Compound – two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded
Mixture- two or more types of atoms that are not chemically bonded
Recall the 6 physical properties of metals and non-metals
High mpt/bpt | Low mpt/bpt
Lustrous/shiny | Dull
Malleable | Brittle
Conductors | Insulator
Grey/silver | Various colours
Dense | Low density
Describe the reactions of Mg, Ca, S and C with oxygen
Mg Burns with a white flame and
produces white powder
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Ca Burns with a red flame and
slowly turns white
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S Burns with a blue flame and
produces gas
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C Burns with a red flame and
produces colourless gas
Write word equations for the reactions of metal and non-metal oxides with water
Metal oxide + water = metal hydroxide
Non-metal oxide + water = acid
Describe the acid/base character, and melting point, of oxides
Metal oxides are solids (high melting point) and bases, while non-metal oxides are gaseous (low melting point) and acids.
Write word equations for reactions of metals with water
Metal + water – metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Recall the observations made when Li, Na and K react with water
Li:
Appearance = Grey (s) stored in oil, white (s) in oxygen, easily cut with knife
Reaction with water = Effervescing, Li disappears, temp. increase, floats and moves on surface
Product = LiOH + H2 (Base)
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Na:
Appearance = Grey (s) stored in oil, very soft
Reaction with water = Same as Li, forms a sphere, when held in place burns with yellow flame
Product = NaOH + H2 (Base)
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K:
Appearance = Grey (s) stored in oil, extremely soft Reaction with water = Same as Li, burns with a lilac flame
Product = KOH + H2 (Base)
Describe how the reactivity of metals relates to their position in the Periodic Table
- The first roll reacts the fastest, then it’s the second roll, and then the rest.
- The more up in the periodic table, the higher the reactivity.
Recall the formulae and combining powers of sulfate, nitrate and hydroxide
Sulfate = SO4 | c.p. = -2
Nitrate = NO3 | c.p. = -1
Hydroxide = OH | c.p. = -1
Use Roman numerals to identify the combining powers of transition metals
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Write word equations for the reactions of metals with the three common acids (nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid)
Metal + nitric acid – metal nitrate + hydrogen
Metal + sulfuric acid – metal sulfate + hydrogen
Metal + hydrochloric acid – metal chloride + hydrogen
Describe how the reactions of metals with acids can be used to identify a metal’s reactivity
Most reactive:
1) effervescing - more/faster
2) temp. increase - higher
3) metal disappear - faster
Recall the reactivity series for the common metals
K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au
Predict the products of displacement reactions based on the reactivity series
The more reactive they are, the more they displace
Describe possible observations during displacement reactions that can be used to establish whether a reaction has occurred
Color change & temp. change
Relate the reactivity of a metal to the ease of its extraction
If a metal is more reactive (more than carbon) you use electrolysis, if it is less reactive (less than carbon) you use displacement
Describe the use of displacement and electrolysis reactions in the extraction of metals
They are both used for extracting metals, but the displacement is used to extract metals with lower reactivity, while electrolysis is used the extract metals with high reactivity
Identify the products formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis
At the anode a non-metal is always formed, at the cathode a metal is always formed. Anode is +, cathode is –
Predict the method for the extraction of a metal based on the position in the reactivity series
Electrolysis method: K, Na, Li, Ca, Displacement method: Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au
Describe how electrolysis can be used to electroplate an object
The metal will be at the anode, and it is going to travel from the anode to the cathode, and the metal at the anode will cover the metal in the cathode
