Reaction of metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the terms: element, compound, mixture

A

Element – a substance made of only one type of atom
Compound – two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded
Mixture- two or more types of atoms that are not chemically bonded

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2
Q

Recall the 6 physical properties of metals and non-metals

A

High mpt/bpt | Low mpt/bpt
Lustrous/shiny | Dull
Malleable | Brittle
Conductors | Insulator
Grey/silver | Various colours
Dense | Low density

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3
Q

Describe the reactions of Mg, Ca, S and C with oxygen

A

Mg Burns with a white flame and
produces white powder
———————————————————
Ca Burns with a red flame and
slowly turns white
———————————————————
S Burns with a blue flame and
produces gas
———————————————————
C Burns with a red flame and
produces colourless gas

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4
Q

Write word equations for the reactions of metal and non-metal oxides with water

A

Metal oxide + water = metal hydroxide
Non-metal oxide + water = acid

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5
Q

Describe the acid/base character, and melting point, of oxides

A

Metal oxides are solids (high melting point) and bases, while non-metal oxides are gaseous (low melting point) and acids.

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6
Q

Write word equations for reactions of metals with water

A

Metal + water – metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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7
Q

Recall the observations made when Li, Na and K react with water

A

Li:
Appearance = Grey (s) stored in oil, white (s) in oxygen, easily cut with knife
Reaction with water = Effervescing, Li disappears, temp. increase, floats and moves on surface
Product = LiOH + H2 (Base)
———————————————————
Na:
Appearance = Grey (s) stored in oil, very soft
Reaction with water = Same as Li, forms a sphere, when held in place burns with yellow flame
Product = NaOH + H2 (Base)
———————————————————
K:
Appearance = Grey (s) stored in oil, extremely soft Reaction with water = Same as Li, burns with a lilac flame
Product = KOH + H2 (Base)

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8
Q

Describe how the reactivity of metals relates to their position in the Periodic Table

A
  • The first roll reacts the fastest, then it’s the second roll, and then the rest.
  • The more up in the periodic table, the higher the reactivity.
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9
Q

Recall the formulae and combining powers of sulfate, nitrate and hydroxide

A

Sulfate = SO4 | c.p. = -2
Nitrate = NO3 | c.p. = -1
Hydroxide = OH | c.p. = -1

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10
Q

Use Roman numerals to identify the combining powers of transition metals

A

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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11
Q

Write word equations for the reactions of metals with the three common acids (nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid)

A

Metal + nitric acid – metal nitrate + hydrogen
Metal + sulfuric acid – metal sulfate + hydrogen
Metal + hydrochloric acid – metal chloride + hydrogen

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12
Q

Describe how the reactions of metals with acids can be used to identify a metal’s reactivity

A

Most reactive:
1) effervescing - more/faster
2) temp. increase - higher
3) metal disappear - faster

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13
Q

Recall the reactivity series for the common metals

A

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au

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14
Q

Predict the products of displacement reactions based on the reactivity series

A

The more reactive they are, the more they displace

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15
Q

Describe possible observations during displacement reactions that can be used to establish whether a reaction has occurred

A

Color change & temp. change

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16
Q

Relate the reactivity of a metal to the ease of its extraction

A

If a metal is more reactive (more than carbon) you use electrolysis, if it is less reactive (less than carbon) you use displacement

17
Q

Describe the use of displacement and electrolysis reactions in the extraction of metals

A

They are both used for extracting metals, but the displacement is used to extract metals with lower reactivity, while electrolysis is used the extract metals with high reactivity

18
Q

Identify the products formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis

A

At the anode a non-metal is always formed, at the cathode a metal is always formed. Anode is +, cathode is –

19
Q

Predict the method for the extraction of a metal based on the position in the reactivity series

A

Electrolysis method: K, Na, Li, Ca, Displacement method: Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au

20
Q

Describe how electrolysis can be used to electroplate an object

A

The metal will be at the anode, and it is going to travel from the anode to the cathode, and the metal at the anode will cover the metal in the cathode