React Flashcards
How would you explain the concept of the Virtual DOM to a non-technical person?
The Virtual DOM is a concept used in React, a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It is a representation of the actual DOM (Document Object Model) in memory, which is a tree-like structure that contains all the elements of a web page. The Virtual DOM is a copy of the actual DOM, and it is used to make changes to the page without having to directly manipulate the actual DOM.
When a user interacts with a React application, the Virtual DOM is updated with the changes. React then compares the Virtual DOM with the actual DOM and only updates the parts of the page that have changed. This makes the process of updating the page much faster and more efficient than if the entire page had to be re-rendered each time a change was made.
The Virtual DOM is an important part of React because it allows developers to create dynamic user interfaces that are fast and responsive. It also makes it easier to debug and maintain the code, since only the parts of the page that have changed need to be updated.
What is the purpose of the React component lifecycle?
The React component lifecycle is a series of methods that are called automatically by React during the creation and updating of a component. These methods allow developers to hook into the lifecycle of a component and run code at specific points in the process. The purpose of the React component lifecycle is to provide developers with the ability to control how a component is created, updated, and destroyed.
The React component lifecycle consists of three main phases: initialization, update, and destruction. During the initialization phase, the component is created and the componentWillMount() and componentDidMount() methods are called. During the update phase, the componentWillReceiveProps() and componentWillUpdate() methods are called when the component’s props or state are changed. Finally, during the destruction phase, the componentWillUnmount() method is called when the component is removed from the DOM.
The React component lifecycle provides developers with the ability to control how a component is created, updated, and destroyed. This allows developers to create components that are more efficient and perform better. Additionally, the lifecycle methods provide developers with the ability to perform certain tasks at specific points in the lifecycle, such as setting up subscriptions or making API calls.
How do you handle state management in React?
State management in React is an important concept to understand and master. There are several ways to handle state management in React, depending on the complexity of the application.
The most basic way to manage state in React is to use the built-in state object. This is a simple way to store and update data within a component. The state object can be accessed and updated using the setState() method. This is a good option for simple applications with limited data.
Another way to manage state in React is to use a state management library such as Redux or MobX. These libraries provide a more robust way to manage state, allowing for more complex data structures and better scalability. They also provide tools for debugging and testing, making it easier to maintain and update the application.
Finally, React also provides the Context API, which allows components to access data from a global store. This is a good option for applications with complex data structures and multiple components that need to access the same data.
No matter which approach you choose, it is important to understand the basics of state management in React and how to use the tools available to you.
What is the difference between a class component and a functional component in React?
A class component is a type of React component that is written as a JavaScript class. It extends the base React Component class and implements a render() method that returns a React element. Class components allow you to use additional features such as local state, lifecycle methods, and the ability to handle user events.
A functional component is a type of React component that is written as a JavaScript function. It accepts props as an argument and returns a React element. Functional components are simpler than class components and are often used for UI elements that do not require local state or lifecycle methods. They are also easier to test and are more performant than class components.
What is the purpose of the React Context API?
The React Context API is a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. It allows you to create a “context” that can be accessed by any component in the tree, no matter how deep it is. This makes it easier to manage data that needs to be accessed by multiple components, such as user authentication, theme, or language settings. It also helps to avoid prop-drilling, which is when you have to pass props down multiple levels just to get the data to the component that needs it. The React Context API is a powerful tool for managing data that needs to be shared across multiple components.
How do you optimize the performance of a React application?
Optimizing the performance of a React application requires a multi-faceted approach.
First, it is important to ensure that the code is written in an efficient manner. This includes writing code that is concise and easy to read, avoiding unnecessary re-renders, and using the latest React features such as React.memo and React.lazy. Additionally, it is important to use the latest version of React and ensure that all dependencies are up to date.
Second, it is important to ensure that the application is properly structured. This includes breaking the application into smaller components, using the correct component lifecycle methods, and using the correct data structure for the application.
Third, it is important to ensure that the application is properly optimized for the browser. This includes minifying and compressing code, using code splitting, and using caching techniques. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the application is properly optimized for mobile devices.
Finally, it is important to ensure that the application is properly monitored and tested. This includes using performance monitoring tools such as React Profiler and React DevTools, and using automated testing tools such as Jest and Enzyme.
By following these steps, it is possible to optimize the performance of a React application and ensure that it runs smoothly and efficiently.
What is the purpose of the React Router library?
The React Router library is a routing library for React applications that provides a way to declaratively map routes to components. It allows developers to create and manage routes in a React application, allowing for navigation between different components and views. It also provides features such as dynamic route matching, location tracking, and route lifecycle hooks. React Router is designed to make it easy to create and maintain complex routing configurations in a React application. It is also designed to be extensible, allowing developers to customize and extend the library to fit their specific needs.
How do you handle asynchronous data fetching in React?
Asynchronous data fetching in React can be handled using the React component lifecycle methods. The componentDidMount() method is the most commonly used lifecycle method for fetching data. This method is called after the component is mounted and the initial render is complete. Inside this method, you can make an API call to fetch the data and then set the state with the data received.
Another way to handle asynchronous data fetching in React is to use the useEffect() hook. This hook is called after the component is mounted and the initial render is complete. Inside this hook, you can make an API call to fetch the data and then set the state with the data received.
You can also use the async/await syntax to handle asynchronous data fetching in React. This syntax allows you to write asynchronous code that looks like synchronous code. Inside the async function, you can make an API call to fetch the data and then set the state with the data received.
Finally, you can use the Fetch API to handle asynchronous data fetching in React. The Fetch API is a browser API that allows you to make network requests. Inside the Fetch API, you can make an API call to fetch the data and then set the state with the data received.
What is the purpose of the React Hooks API?
The purpose of the React Hooks API is to provide a way for React developers to use state and other React features without writing a class. React Hooks allow developers to use state and other React features in functional components, which are components that are written as a function rather than as a class. This makes it easier for developers to write components that are more concise and easier to read. Additionally, React Hooks allow developers to share logic between components, which can help reduce the amount of code that needs to be written. Finally, React Hooks allow developers to use React features without the need to use classes, which can help improve the performance of React applications.
How do you debug a React application?
Debugging a React application can be done in a few different ways.
The first way is to use the React Developer Tools, which is a browser extension that allows you to inspect the React component hierarchy in the Chrome or Firefox developer tools. This allows you to view the component tree, props, state, and more. It also allows you to trace the component hierarchy and view the component’s source code.
The second way is to use the console.log() method to log out the values of variables and objects. This can be used to debug the application by seeing what values are being passed around and what is causing errors.
The third way is to use the React Error Boundaries feature. This feature allows you to wrap components in an error boundary and catch errors that occur within the component. This can be used to debug the application by seeing what errors are occurring and where they are occurring.
Finally, you can use the React Profiler to profile the performance of your application. This allows you to see how long components are taking to render and which components are taking the longest. This can be used to identify performance bottlenecks and optimize the application.
Overall, debugging a React application can be done in a few different ways, depending on the type of issue you are trying to debug.
What is the difference between the virtual DOM and the real DOM?
DIFFING!! The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for HTML and XML documents. It represents the web page as a tree-like structure of nodes and allows developers to manipulate the page’s content and structure using JavaScript.
The Real DOM, also known as the live DOM, is the actual representation of the web page that exists in the browser’s memory. When changes are made to the content or structure of a web page using JavaScript, the Real DOM is updated to reflect those changes.
The Virtual DOM, on the other hand, is an abstract representation of the Real DOM that is used by JavaScript frameworks such as React, Vue, and Angular. Instead of manipulating the Real DOM directly, these frameworks make changes to the Virtual DOM, which is then compared to the Real DOM to determine what changes need to be made.
The main difference between the Virtual DOM and the Real DOM is that the Virtual DOM is much faster to manipulate and update than the Real DOM. When changes are made to the Virtual DOM, the framework updates the Real DOM only with the necessary changes, rather than updating the entire DOM tree. This makes the process of updating the web page much faster and more efficient, which can result in better performance and a smoother user experience.
In summary, the Real DOM is the actual representation of the web page that exists in the browser’s memory, while the Virtual DOM is an abstract representation of the Real DOM used by JavaScript frameworks to make changes to the web page more efficiently.
Virtual DOM cannot directly update an HTML document - more of a pattern than a technology. Synced with the REAL DOM.
object-based representation of an HTML document - copy of the real DOM - can be updated
MOST IMPORTANT!! DIFFING - virtual dom looks at the difference between one stae and the next state and it just updates that individual piece of the DOM.
In the context of web development, “diffing” (short for difference checking) is the process of comparing two versions of a document or data structure to identify the differences between them.
In the case of the Virtual DOM, diffing is used by JavaScript frameworks like React to compare the previous version of the Virtual DOM with the updated version of the Virtual DOM after a change has been made. The framework uses an algorithm to analyze the differences between the two versions and determine the minimum number of changes that need to be made to the Real DOM to update the web page.
This process of comparing the Virtual DOM and updating the Real DOM with the minimum number of changes is much faster and more efficient than updating the entire DOM tree, which can be slow and cause performance issues.
The diffing algorithm used by JavaScript frameworks typically works by comparing the element type, attributes, and children of each node in the Virtual DOM. It then generates a list of changes that need to be made to the Real DOM to update the web page, such as adding, removing, or updating nodes.
By using diffing to update the Real DOM only with the necessary changes, JavaScript frameworks can provide a smoother user experience and improve the performance of web applications.
THE SHADOW DOM - browser specific technology - not a pattern, actually a technology that is for specific types of elements that you don’t need to code, but can use for styling - such as a slider. You won’t necessarily need to create the whole slider.
The Shadow DOM (Document Object Model) is a web standard that enables the creation of encapsulated and isolated DOM trees within an HTML document. It allows developers to define custom HTML elements with their own CSS styles and JavaScript behavior, without interfering with the rest of the page’s styles or behavior.
In other words, the Shadow DOM provides a way to create “scoped” or “local” styles and scripts, which are attached to a specific element and its children, and don’t affect the styles or scripts of other parts of the page. This is particularly useful for building reusable components or widgets, where you want to keep the internal implementation details hidden from the rest of the page.
The Shadow DOM works by creating a separate sub-tree of DOM nodes and elements, which is associated with a host element in the main DOM tree. The content of the Shadow DOM is hidden from the outside world, and can only be accessed and manipulated by scripts running inside the Shadow DOM itself.
Overall, the Shadow DOM is a powerful tool for creating modular and maintainable web applications, and is supported by all modern web browsers.
Is React a framework or a library?
Library! Framework is like next.js or gatsby
Benefits of React?
Maintained by Facebook - large company keeping it up to date - but it is also open source can people can contribute.
Great docs
Component-Based Architecture: React follows a component-based architecture, which allows developers to break down the user interface into reusable and independent components. This modular approach makes it easier to build and maintain complex UIs.
Declarative Syntax: React uses a declarative syntax, which means developers describe what the UI should look like based on the current state of the application. This makes the code more readable and easier to understand, as developers don’t have to manually manipulate the DOM.
Rich Ecosystem: React has a large and active community, which has resulted in a rich ecosystem of libraries, tools, and resources. This makes it easier to find solutions to common problems, integrate with other technologies, and enhance the development process.
Virtual DOM: React uses a virtual DOM (Document Object Model) to efficiently update and render components. The virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, and React uses it to determine the minimal number of updates needed to keep the UI in sync with the underlying data. This approach improves performance and makes React applications faster.
What is JSX?
Javascript XML
Allows you to write javascript with an HTML-like template syntax (these have elements which represents objects).
JSX (JavaScript XML) is a syntax extension for JavaScript that allows you to write HTML-like code directly in your JavaScript files. It is used primarily in React , but can also be used in other JavaScript libraries or frameworks.
With JSX, you can create elements and components in a more intuitive and expressive way, compared to traditional JavaScript methods like document.createElement() and appendChild(). For example, you can write code like this:
jsxCopy code const element = <h1>Hello, world!</h1>;
This code creates a new React element that renders an h1 tag with the text “Hello, world!”. The syntax looks similar to HTML, but is actually a special type of syntax that gets transformed into plain JavaScript code by a tool called a “transpiler” (e.g. Babel).
In addition to HTML-like tags, JSX also supports embedding JavaScript expressions using curly braces {}. For example:
jsxCopy code
const name = 'John';
const element = <h1>Hello, {name}!</h1>;
This code creates an element that renders an h1 tag with the text “Hello, John!”. The expression {name} gets evaluated as the value of the name variable.
JSX also allows you to create reusable components by defining functions that return JSX elements. For example:
jsxCopy code
function Greeting(props) {
return <h1>Hello, {props.name}!</h1>;
}
const element = <Greeting name="John" />;
This code creates a new component called Greeting that accepts a name prop, and renders an h1 tag with the text “Hello, {name}!”. The last line creates an instance of the Greeting component with the name prop set to “John”.
Overall, JSX is a powerful and flexible tool that makes it easier to build complex user interfaces in JavaScript, especially when used in conjunction with a framework like React.
What is the difference between an element and a component?
An element is created by JSX as an object. A component is a function that returns an element/multiple elements.
In web development, an element and a component are two related but distinct concepts.
An element is a basic building block of a web page, defined by an HTML tag such as <div>, <p>, or <img>. Elements can be styled with CSS, and can have attributes like class, id, or data-*.
A component, on the other hand, is a more complex and self-contained unit of a web application, composed of one or more elements and their associated logic. Components encapsulate a specific functionality or feature of the application, and can be reused across different parts of the application or even across different applications.
In the context of a JavaScript framework like React, components are typically defined as JavaScript classes or functions that return JSX elements. For example:
Is it possible to write react code without jsx?
You can! with …React.createElement(’div’, null, ‘hellooooo’);
But why would you?
Yes, it is possible to write React code without JSX, although JSX is the recommended and most commonly used way of writing React code.
In fact, JSX is not strictly necessary to use React at all - it is just a syntactic sugar that makes it easier and more intuitive to write React code. Under the hood, JSX code gets transpiled into plain JavaScript code that uses React’s createElement() function to create and configure React elements.
To write React code without JSX, you would need to use the createElement() function directly to create React elements. For example, instead of writing:
jsxCopy code const element = <h1>Hello, world!</h1>;
you would write:
jsCopy code
const element = React.createElement('h1', null, 'Hello, world!');
This code creates a new React element that represents an h1 tag with the text “Hello, world!”.
You can also use variables and functions to build up more complex React elements. For example:
jsCopy code
const name = 'John';
const element = React.createElement('h1', null, `Hello, ${name}!`);
This code creates a new element that renders an h1 tag with the text “Hello, John!”.
While it is possible to write React code without JSX, it can be more verbose and harder to read and understand. Therefore, JSX is generally considered to be the preferred way of writing React code, especially for larger and more complex applications.
Can you pass a prop from a child to a parent?
Pass a function prop …. pass/create a function in the child component that passes the variable up to the parent.
