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Question 1

46

Answer 1

Early Christianity requires a suicide of reason.

This is the kind of faith that requires sacrifice, and involves self-derision and self-mutilation.

Introduces the concept of the slave revolt - slaves enraged by scepticism about suffering.

Question 2

47

Answer 2

Three dietetic requirements - solitude, fasting, sexual abstinence. Neurosis.

‘Spasms of penitence and a denial of the world and the will’

Sainthood is deemed a miracle. Kundry in Parsifal.

Question 3

48

Answer 3

Outlines the idea that religion is related to culture. Southern Europeans regard lack of faith as a rebellion against the spirit of the race. Even those who are sceptical retain of Catholicism.

Question 4

49

Answer 4

Greeks - gratitude. Noble religion.

Question 5

50

Answer 5

Types of passion for God… Luther - boorish, naive, obtrusive. Sensual longing of female saints.

Question 6

51

Answer 6

Nobles impressed by the Saint - ‘it was the will to power which obliged them to halt before the Saint’

Question 7

52

Answer 7

Old Testament - what man used to be. Taste for the Old Testament a taste for greatness.

New Testament - a sin against the spirit

Question 8

53

Answer 8

Atheism - God has become unintelligible. God the father, the rewarded, the judge. Therefore religious instinct growing vigorously, but faith is waning.

Question 9

54

Answer 9

Modern philosophy anti-Christian, but not anti-religious. Kant tried to prove that the subject was is transcendent.

Question 10

55

Answer 10

The religious instinct demands a constant sacrifice.

1. prized possessions, most important human beings. Prehistoric religion. Abraham.
2. More modern time - self-sacrifice, in the form of the ascetic ideal.
3. The sacrifice of all comfort, harmony, justice in favour of stone, stupidity, gravity, fate nothingness

Question 11

56

Answer 11

Pessimism, taken to its logical conclusion, forces us to go further than thinkers such as Schopenhauer.

Accepting the inherent meaningless of life, we must go beyond it.

The only way to do so is to reject a falsified view of the world, and to instead embrace this world, wanting to have this life ‘the ideal of the most audacious, lively and world-affirming man … Who wants to have it over again, just as it was and is, throughout all eternity.’

Question 12

45

Answer 12

The great hunt. To analyse the religious disposition, you need subtlety and sensitivity - a job for a psychologist.

Question 13

58

Answer 13

A true religious life depends on guilt-free ancestral leisure.

Free-spirited thinkers’ religious instincts have disintegrated due to their work ethic. They don’t see the use of religion.

Connection to modern ideas - ‘the headworker and handworker of ideas, of modern ideas’

Question 14

59

Answer 14

Piety, a life with God, would appear to be the most exquisite end product of the fear of truth

Question 15

60

Answer 15

The idea of loving mankind for the sake of God

Question 16

61 - advantages

Answer 16

When religion is treated as a means to an end, it is advantageous.

1. The new philosopher, ‘in his efforts to improve education and breeding’ will use religion to improve the condition of the race. But this depends on who religion protects.
2. Religion overcomes obstacles to ruling, because it is ‘a bond which ties together rulers and subjects’
3. Allows for a more refined type of ruling. For example, the Brahmans, who ‘remained apart and outside, feeling that their own duties were more important than those of royalty’
4. Religion is a test of will. ‘Asceticism and Puritanism are the virtually indispensable means to improve a race that wants to overcome its origin in the rabble’
5. Justifies suffering - ‘piety can place them within an illusory higher order of things and thus enable them to remain content within the real order’

Question 17

62

Answer 17

Disadvantages…

1. Degeneration of the human race. Has preserved too much of what ought to perish. We are therefore stuck on a lower rung of development.
2. Inverted noble values. Has turned noble values into ‘doubt, pangs of conscience, self-destruction’ has reversed love of the earthly into hatred of the earthly
3. Bred a herd animal…