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AWS SAA3 > RDS > Flashcards

RDS Flashcards

1
Q

You are working as an AWS Architect for a multinational bank with hybrid cloud architecture. The bank is running a currency exchange website which uses a Microsoft SQL Server RDS instance as its database. As part of the company’s business continuity plan, there is a need to keep a read replica of the production RDS instance to the bank’s on premise data center. In this scenario, what is the most secure and effective way to meet this requirement?

  • Change the Microsoft SQL Server RDS instance as the master node and then enable replication over the public Internet using a secure SSL endpoint to a server on the on premise data center.
  • Configure the Microsoft SQL Server RDS instance to replicate to an EC2 instance with core MySQL and then enable Replication over a secure VPN connection
  • Use native backup and restore for Microsoft SQL Server databases using full backup files by storing it on Amazon S3, and then restore the backup file onto an on-premises server.
  • Create an IPsec VPN connection through the Virtual Private Cloud service and enable auto-replication feature in RDS
A
  • Create an IPsec VPN connection through the Virtual Private Cloud service and enable auto-replication feature in RDS

Option A is incorrect as it is feasible: you could put your RDS DB in a public subnet and configure SSL for it but you have been asked for the most secure way.
Option B is incorrect because Even EC2 is external to RDS and it won’t be secure option.
Option C is incorrect because it describes a backup-restore solution
Option D is correct because it provides the most secure direct connection from the RDS SQL Server instance to the On Premise data center, and replication can be configured within the SQL Server service since it can’t be done from the RDS service to On Premise data center.
Refer:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_ReadRepl.html#USER_ReadRepl.Create

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2
Q

What two fault tolerant features does Amazon RDS support?

  • Copy snapshot to a different region
  • Create read replica to a different region
  • Copy unencrypted read-replica only
  • copy read/write replica and snapshot
A
  • Copy snapshot to a different region
  • Create read replica to a different region
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3
Q

Select two features available with Amazon RDS for MySQL?

  • Auto-Scaling
  • read requests to standby replicas
  • real-time database replication
  • active read requests only
A
  • read requests to standby replicas
  • real-time database replication
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4
Q

You are working in a Research and Development Department in IT Company where you as a Cloud Architect, trying to check the impact on real time transaction. You created a multi-AZ RDS setup consists of: Primary instance, Standby instance and a Read-replica. If the standby instance is not able to catch-up, what is the impact to transactions in primary?

  • Transaction are impacted only if you configured it for Synchronous Replication
  • Transaction are impacted only if you configured it for Asynchronous Replication
  • Transactions are not impacted
  • Transactions are impacted
A
  • Transactions are not impacted

Answer: C
Option C is correct because, for multi-AZ high availability, RDS uses synchronous replication between primary and standby systems. RDS Read Replica, on the other hand, uses asynchronous replication and any slowness in Read Replica instance would simply cause data lag only in the read – replica. Transactions in primary are not impacted.
Refer:
https://aws.amazon.com/rds/faqs/

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5
Q

A company is planning to migrate their existing on premise application to the AWS Cloud. The application currently runs on .Net and uses Microsoft SQL Server as the backend database. Your Company has some limitations as they don’t have the developers currently to make recent changes to the code and also they don’t have the Infrastructure team currently to manage the infrastructure on AWS. Which of the following data service would your Company choose on AWS for the best use?

  • AWS RDS
  • AWS DynamoDB
  • AWS Aurora
  • AWS Redshift
A
  • AWS RDS

Answer: A
Option A is correct because one can use the AWS RDS service and choose the Microsoft SQL Server platform. Since the company does not have the developers available to make large code changes, they can just migrate the data and change the connection strings in the code. Also with the absence of the Infrastructure team, the AWS RDS service takes care of the Infrastructure.
Options B, C, D are incorrect because managing code and Infrastructure can’t be done.
Refer to Easy to administer Section:
https://aws.amazon.com/rds/

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6
Q

What are the three advantages of standby replica in a Multi-AZ RDS deployment?

  • fault tolerance
  • eliminate I/O freezes
  • horizontal scaling
  • vertical scaling
  • data redundancy
A
  • fault tolerance
  • eliminate I/O freezes
  • data redundancy
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7
Q

A scope has been handed to you to set up a super fast gaming server and you decide that you will use Amazon DynamoDB as your database. For efficient access to data in a table, Amazon DynamoDB creates and maintains indexes for the primary key attributes. A secondary index is a data structure that contains a subset of attributes from a table, along with an alternate key to support Query operations. How many types of secondary indexes does DynamoDB support?

  • 2
  • 16
  • 4
  • As many as you need
A
  • 2

DynamoDB supports two types of secondary indexes:
Local secondary index — an index that has the same hash key as the table, but a different range key. A local secondary index is “IocaI” in the sense that every partition of a local secondary index is scoped to a table partition that has the same hash key.
Global secondary index — an index with a hash and range key that can be different from those on the table. A global secondary index is considered “gIobaI” because queries on the index can span all of the data in a table, across all partitions.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/Secondarylndexes.html

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8
Q

What type of replication is supported by Multi-AZ RDS instances?

  • Asynchronous replication
  • Continuous replication
  • Synchronous replication
  • Sequential replication
A
  • Synchronous replication

Multi-AZ deployments utilize synchronous replication, making database writes concurrently on both the primary and standby so that the standby will be up-to-date in the event a failover occurs.

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9
Q

As a Solutions Architect, you advise on team planning activities. A team is building an application that must store persistent JSON data and be able to have an index. Data access must remain consistent if there is high traffic volume. What service should you recommend to the team?

  • Amazon ElastiCache
  • AWS CloudFormation
  • Amazon DynamoDB
  • Amazon Redshift
A
  • Amazon DynamoDB

Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. The data stored in DynamoDB is JSON format, making it the perfect data store for this requirement.

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10
Q

What managed services are included with Amazon RDS? (select four)

  • assign network capacity to database instances
  • install database software
  • perform regular backups
  • data replication across multiple availability zones
  • data replication across single availability zone only
  • configure database
  • performance tuning
A
  • assign network capacity to database instances
  • install database software
  • perform regular backups
  • data replication across multiple availability zones
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11
Q

In accordance with your company’s overall business continuity plan, you are looking at implementing a resiliency & disaster recovery strategy for your production MariaDB database. This currently utilises 5 disbursed Read Replicas. You are considering the use of Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments in combination with the Read Replicas. Which of these statements regarding that are false?

  • With RDS for MariaDB, you can set the read replica as Multi-AZ, allowing you to use the read replica as a DR target. When you promote the read replica to be a standalone database, it will already be Multi-AZ enabled.
  • If the source instance of a Multi-AZ deployment fails over to the secondary, any associated Read Replicas automatically switch to use the secondary (now primary) as their replication source.
  • You cannot combine Read Replicas with Multi-AZ deployments for the MariaDB database engine. Only PostgreSQL, Aurora and Oracle database engines are supported.
  • RDS Read Replicas support Multi-AZ deployments for MariaDB with 5 Read Replicas
A
  • You cannot combine Read Replicas with Multi-AZ deployments for the MariaDB database engine. Only PostgreSQL, Aurora and Oracle database engines are supported.

As of the 11th of January 2018, Amazon RDS Read Replicas for MySQL and MariaDB support Multi-AZ deployments. Note that the question asks for the FALSE answer.

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12
Q

Your team manages a popular website running Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) MySQL back end. The Marketing department has just informed you about an upcoming television commercial that will drive thousands of new visitors to the website. How can you prepare your database to handle the load? (Choose 3 answers)

  • Vertically scale the DB Instance by selecting a more powerful instance class.
  • Create read replicas to offload read requests and update your application.
  • Upgrade the storage from Magnetic volumes to General Purpose Solid State Drive (SSD) volumes.
  • Upgrade to Amazon Redshift for faster columnar storage.
A
  • Vertically scale the DB Instance by selecting a more powerful instance class.
  • Create read replicas to offload read requests and update your application.
  • Upgrade the storage from Magnetic volumes to General Purpose Solid State Drive (SSD) volumes.
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13
Q

You have enabled Amazon RDS database services in VPC1 for an application with public web servers
in VPC2. How do you connect the web servers to the RDS database instance so they can
communicate considering the VPC’s are in different regions?

  • VPC endpoints
  • VPN gateway
  • path-based routing
  • publicly accessible database
  • VPC peering
A
  • VPC peering
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14
Q

You have a small database workload with infrequent I/O. Which storage medium would the most cost-effective way to meet these requirements?

  • Amazon RDS Cold Storage
  • Amazon RDS Magnetic Storage
  • Amazon RDS General Purpose (SSD) Storage
  • Amazon RDS Provisioned IOPS (SSD) Storage
A
  • Amazon RDS Magnetic Storage

The question is specific that you are evaluating for RDS. Cold Storage is not a valid option for RDS. of the three valid types for RDS, Magnetic is still the cheapest

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15
Q

A user is planning to use the AWS RDS with MySQL. Which of the below mentioned services the user is not going to pay?

  • Data transfer
  • RDS CloudWatch metrics
  • Data storage
  • I/O requests per month
A
  • RDS CloudWatch metrics
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16
Q

Your company is migrating an on-premise 15 TB PostrgreSQL database to AWS. The company expects this database to triple in size and has a business requirement of synchronous replica lag be under 100 ms. Which AWS RDS service will meet the requirement best?

  • MySQL
  • Oracle
  • DynamoDB
  • Amazon Aurora
  • PostrgreSQL
A
  • Amazon Aurora

Aurora Cluster can grow up 64 TB in size and replica lag is less than 100 ms after the primary instance has written an update.

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17
Q

You are currently tasked with creating a table in Amazon DynamoDB. Which of the following choices will enable you to do so?

choose 2.

  • Click the blue ‘Create table’ button in the DynamoDB dashboard of the AWS Management Console.
  • Build an application to add a DynamoDB table using an AWS programming toolkit.
  • Enter the ‘create-table’ command in the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI).
  • Enter the ‘aws dynamodb create-table’ command in the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI).
A
  • Click the blue ‘Create table’ button in the DynamoDB dashboard of the AWS Management Console.
  • Enter the ‘aws dynamodb create-table’ command in the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI).

To create a DynamoDB table, you can either start the process by either entering the ‘aws dynamodb create-table’ command in the CLI or clicking the blue ‘Create table’ button in the DynamoDB dashboard of the AWS Management Console. Entering the ‘create-table’ command in the CLI is not enough; you need to specify the AWS database service you are using. Building an application to add a DynamoDB table using an AWS programming toolkit is not a valid option.

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18
Q

Your company has got a client whose data is stored in AWS for a 3-tier application. They have given some key requirements for the database, it should have Ability for multiple schema changes, the database should be durable, and Changes to the database should not result in downtime. As a Cloud Architect of the Company, Which of the following would be the best data storage option for the Client?

  • AWS S3
  • AWS Redshift
  • AWS DynamoDB
  • AWS Aurora
A
  • AWS Aurora

Answer: D
Option D is correct because Amazon Aurora does support working with schema changes.
Option A, B, C are incorrect none of these are have these features together.
Refer:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/amazon-aurora-under-the-hood-fast-ddl/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/AuroraMySQL.Managing.FastDDL.html

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19
Q

What are the two characteristics of Amazon RDS?

  • database managed service
  • NoSQL queries
  • native load balancer
  • database write replicas
  • automatic failover of read replica
A
  • database managed service
  • native load balancer
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20
Q

A company has an LNMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) stack application deployed to AWS. The availability requirements for their backend database specify automatic failover in case of disaster recovery. What is the optimal solution that meets this requirement?

  • RDS with Multi-AZ deployment.
  • Deploy multiple RDS instances. Use Route53 with Health-Check and DNS failover configured.
  • RDS with Read-Replica deployment.
  • DynamoDB with Global Tables deployment.
A
  • RDS with Multi-AZ deployment.

Since the scenario calls for MySQL, we must choose a relational database for the backend database. This means that DynamoDB is not a correct option. With RDS Multi-AZ deployment, a primary DB instance is automatically and synchronously replicated to a secondary RDS instance in a different availability zone (AZ). In case of a disaster causing primary instance failure, RDS performs automatic failover to the secondary standby RDS instance. During the failover, the database endpoint remains the same. RDS Read-Replica provide secondary RDS instances that are asynchronous replicated from the primary. RDS read-replicas have different endpoints and do not provide automatic failover. Additionally, they only provide read (not write) operations. It is possible to use Route53 with Health-check and DNS failover configurations to route traffic to multiple RDS instances. However, this solution does not provide automatic data synchronization between instances.

21
Q

A financial market dashboard needs to update asset values almost instantaneously for customers across the United States. Updates will be written to the primary application instance which resides in the AWS us-east-1 region. Which database architecture will provide the best performance for consumers of the dashboard’s information?

  • Deploy Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Aurora Replicas using cross-region logical replication. Create the replicas in the AWS us-east-2 and us-west-1 regions.
  • Deploy Amazon Aurora MySQL with Aurora Replicas using cross-region logical replication. Create the replicas in the AWS us-east-2 and us-west-2 regions.
  • Implement Amazon Aurora MySQL with Aurora Replicas using cross-region physical replication. Create the replicas in the AWS us-east-2 and us-west-2 regions.
  • Use Amazon RDS PostgreSQL with read replicas. Create the replicas in the AWS us-east-1, us-east-2, and us-west-2 regions.
A
  • Deploy Amazon Aurora MySQL with Aurora Replicas using cross-region logical replication. Create the replicas in the AWS us-east-2 and us-west-2 regions.

With Aurora MySQL you can configure cross-region Aurora Replicas using logical replication to up to five secondary AWS regions. Aurora PostgreSQL currently does not support cross-region replicas. Aurora Replica physical replication can only replicate to one secondary region. Using Aurora over RDS provides multiple read replicas in the deployment region and other benefits automatically without having to configure them.

22
Q

The marketing research team wants to run SQL queries against customer activity tables that resides in an Amazon RDS Oracle database. They’re familiar with how to connect their desktop SQL clients to on-premises Oracle instances, but they receive an “Error setting/closing connection: Connection refused.” message when they attempt to access the RDS instance. What is most likely the cause of the connection failure?

  • The Security Group firewall for the RDS instances is blocking the request
  • The RDS instance is not in an available state
  • The incorrect DNS name or endpoint was used to connect to the RDS instance
  • The database user authentication in incorrect
A
  • The incorrect DNS name or endpoint was used to connect to the RDS instance

A ‘Connection Refused’ message will result if a client program attempts to connect to an RDS database using an invalid endpoint string. Users need to make sure that a properly formatted endpoint is provided for the database driver being used. Database state, improper Security Group rules, and failed database authentication will also result in connectivity issues, but with different behaviors and error messages.

23
Q

You need to change some settings on Amazon Relational Database Service but you do not want the database to reboot immediately which you know might happen depending on the setting that you change. Which of the following will cause an immediate DB instance reboot to occur?

  • You change storage type from standard to PIOPS, and Apply Immediately is set to true.
  • You change the DB instance class, and Apply Immediately is set to false.
  • You change a static parameter in a DB parameter group.
  • You change the backup retention period for a DB instance from 0 to a nonzero value or from a nonzero value to 0, and Apply Immediately is set to false.
A
  • You change storage type from standard to PIOPS, and Apply Immediately is set to true.

A DB instance outage can occur when a DB instance is rebooted, when the DB instance is put into a state that prevents access to it, and when the database is restarted. A reboot can occur when you manually reboot your DB instance or when you change a DB instance setting that requires a reboot before it can take effect.
A DB instance reboot occurs immediately when one of the following occurs:

You change the backup retention period for a DB instance from 0 to a nonzero value or from a nonzero value to 0 and set Apply Immediately to true. You change the DB instance class, and Apply Immediately is set to true.
You change storage type from standard to PIOPS, and Apply Immediately is set to true.
A DB instance reboot occurs during the maintenance window when one of the following occurs:

You change the backup retention period for a DB instance from 0 to a nonzero value or from a nonzero value to 0, and Apply Immediately is set to false. You change the DB instance class, and Apply Immediately is set to false.

24
Q

You are auditing your RDS estate and you discover an RDS production database that is not encrypted at rest. This violates company policy and you need to rectify this immediately. What should you do to encrypt the database as quickly and as easy as possible.

  • Take a snapshot of your unencrypted DB Instance and then restore it making sure you select to encrypt the new instance.
  • Use AWS Database Migration Service
  • Use the RDS Import/Export Wizard to migrate the unencrypted RDS instance across to a new encrypted database
  • Create a new DB Instance with encryption enabled and then manually migrate your data into it.
A
  • Create a new DB Instance with encryption enabled and then manually migrate your data into it.

At the present time, encrypting an existing DB Instance is not supported. To use Amazon RDS encryption for an existing database, create a new DB Instance with encryption enabled and migrate your data into it. Alternately you can encrypt a copy of a Snapshot and restore the encrypted copy. However you cannot encrypt as you are restoring from a snapshot. A key point is that an outage will be required either way.

25
Q

What does RDS use for database and log storage?

  • EBS
  • S3
  • instance store
  • local store
  • SSD
A
  • EBS
26
Q

You are working as a Cloud Engineer for a startup company which is planning to develop a web application with a ReactJS frontend and DynamoDB with provisioned throughput (1000 Writes/Sec) as its database. They are expecting a high number of writes on the database during peak hours (3000 Writes/Sec). How could you ensure the scalability and cost-effectiveness of the application to reduce the load on the DynamoDB database? (Choose 3 options)

  • Add more DynamoDB databases to handle the load.
  • Use DynamoDB Auto Scaling
  • Increase write capacity of DynamoDB to meet the peak loads.
  • Use SQS to assist and let the application pull messages and then perform the relevant operation In DynamoDB.
  • Use Kinesis to assist and let the application pull messages and then perform the relevant operation in DynamoDB.
A
  • Use DynamoDB Auto Scaling
  • Use SQS to assist and let the application pull messages and then perform the relevant operation In DynamoDB.
  • Use Kinesis to assist and let the application pull messages and then perform the relevant operation in DynamoDB.

Answer: B, D, and E
Option A is incorrect because this option is neither Cost-effective nor reliable.
Option B is correct because in case your application can handle some throttling from DynamoDB when there’s a sudden increase in traffic, you should use DynamoDB Auto Scaling.
Option C is incorrect because the same thing you have to do manually again and again in the future.
Option D is correct because you could either put all the messages into SQS first or use SQS as an overflow buffer when you exceed the design throughput on your DynamoDB database.
Option E is correct because if the order of the messages coming in is extremely important, Kinesis is another option for you to ingest the incoming messages and then insert them into DynamoDB, in the same order they arrived, at a pace you define
Refer:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/amazon-dynamodb-auto-scaling-performance-and-cost-optimization-at-any-scale/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/AutoScaling.html

27
Q

A Multi-AZ RDS deployment will automatically fail-over as a result of which two of the following?

choose 2.

  • A region-wide loss of service
  • Loss of availability in primary Availability Zone
  • Loss of network connectivity to the Primary
  • Loss of availability in standby Availability Zone
A
  • Loss of availability in primary Availability Zone
  • Loss of network connectivity to the Primary

Amazon RDS detects and automatically recovers from the most common failure scenarios for Multi-AZ deployments so that you can resume database operations as quickly as possible without administrative intervention. Amazon RDS automatically performs a failover in the event of any of the following: Loss of availability in primary Availability Zone, Loss of network connectivity to primary, Compute unit failure on primary, Storage failure on primary.

28
Q

You are working for a small organization without a dedicated database administrator on staff. You need to install Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise edition quickly to support an accounting back-office application on Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS). What should you do?

  • Launch an Amazon RDS DB Instance, and select Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise Edition under the Bring Your Own License (BYOL) model.
  • Provision SQL Server Enterprise Edition using the License Included option from the Amazon RDS Console.
  • SQL Server Enterprise edition is only available via the Command Line Interface (CLI). Install the command-line tools on your laptop, and then provision your new Amazon RDS Instance using the CLI.
  • You cannot use SQL Server Enterprise edition on Amazon RDS. You should install this on to a dedicated Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Instance.
A
  • Launch an Amazon RDS DB Instance, and select Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise Edition under the Bring Your Own License (BYOL) model.
29
Q

You are designing an e-commerce web application that will scale to potentially hundreds of thousands of concurrent users. Which database technology is best suited to hold the session state for large numbers of concurrent users?

  • Relational database using Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
  • NoSQL database table using Amazon DynamoDB
  • Data warehouse using Amazon Redshift
  • Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
A
  • NoSQL database table using Amazon DynamoDB
30
Q

What is the maximum retention period for RDS automated backups?

  • 35 days
  • 1 days
  • 2 weeks
  • 7 days
  • 1 month
A
  • 35 days

Amazon RDS retains backups of a DB Instance for a limited, user-specified period of time called the retention period. It can be set to a maximum of 35 days. The default backup retention period is one day if you create the DB instance using the Amazon RDS API or the AWS CLI. and seven days if you create the DB instance using the Console.

31
Q

You are running a production database using MySQL on RDS. From time to time, management asks you to run highly complex SQL queries with multiple table joins against the database. These queries often overwhelm your database, and the production environment is beginning to be affected. Which of the following would you recommend as a means of reducing the load on the database?

  • Create a read replica of the database and run your reports against the read replica, rather than against the production database.
  • Migrate the database to DynamoDB which will scale automatically in order to deal with the load.
  • Create a secondary Multi-AZ database and run the queries off the secondary Multi-AZ database.
  • Use Route53 health checks to determine the current load on the database and if there is a minimum load , configure the health check to run the SQL queries.
A
  • Create a read replica of the database and run your reports against the read replica, rather than against the production database.

You cannot run queries off a multi-AZ secondary copy database. You should use a read replica instead.

32
Q

You are working as a Cloud Architect in big IT Firm, to ensure high availability of both the web servers and the database of your web application, you deployed your auto-scaled EC2 instances to multiple Availability Zones with an Application Load Balancer in front and used Multi-Availability Zone configuration to your RDS instance. There is a spike in incoming requests in the past few hours and the performance of the primary database is starting to go down. What would happen to the database if the primary DB instance fails?

  • The IP address of the primary DB instance is switched to the standby DB instance.
  • The RDS DB instance will automatically reboot.
  • A new DB instance will be created and immediately replace the primary database.
  • The canonical name record is changed from the primary database to standby database.
A
  • The canonical name record is changed from the primary database to standby database.

Answer: D
Option A is incorrect because IP Address is associated with A Records in DNS but for Database, you need to change the CNAME record.
Option B is incorrect because RDS Instance is pointed to standby RDS.
Option C is incorrect because this option is not reliable in real-time.
Option D is correct because the failover mechanism automatically changes the DNS CNAME record of the DB instance to point to the standby DB instance
Refer:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.MultiAZ.html

33
Q

While creating an Amazon RDS DB, your first task is to set up a DB that controls which IP address or EC2 instance can access your DB Instance.

  • security token pool
  • security token
  • security pool
  • security groups
A
  • security groups

While creating an Amazon RDS DB, your first task is to set up a DB Security Group that controls what IP addresses or EC2 instances have access to your DB Instance.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_WorkingWithSecurityGroups.html

34
Q

Which AWS database service is best suited for traditional Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)?

  • Amazon Redshift
  • Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
  • Amazon Glacier
  • Elastic Database
A
  • Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
35
Q

When using Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) Multi-AZ, how can you offload read requests from the primary? (Choose 2 answers)

  • Configure the connection string of the clients to connect to the secondary node and perform reads while the primary is used for writes.
  • Amazon RDS automatically sends writes to the primary and sends reads to the secondary.
  • Add a read replica DB instance, and configure the client’s application logic to use a read-replica.
  • Create a caching environment using ElastiCache to cache frequently used data. Update the application logic to read/write from the cache.
A
  • Add a read replica DB instance, and configure the client’s application logic to use a read-replica.
  • Create a caching environment using ElastiCache to cache frequently used data. Update the application logic to read/write from the cache.
36
Q

The large manufacturing company you work for is interested in moving their production estate to AWS. They run a Joomla store which utilizes MySQL on the back end. Currently, they also use clustered MySQL databases in an active/passive configuration at a single site. In moving to AWS, they want an active/passive configuration across 2 geographically distinct locations, with automatic failover between the two. As their solutions architect, which of the following RDS options should you recommend?

  • RDS Read Replicas
  • RDS with Cross Region Failover
  • RDS Multi-AZ
  • RDS with Cross Region Replication
A
  • RDS Multi-AZ

to automatically failover from one geographic location to another you should use Multi-AZ for RDS.

37
Q

A complex enterprise application is hosted on an M5.XLarge on-demand EC2 instance with DynamoDB as its database. You created a table called “coursedetails” which has a hash key of “course_id”. You are able to query the data based on the “course_id” hash key without any issues. Your Supervisor then told you that the web application should also be able to query the “coursedetails” table by “student_name”. What would you do to properly configure your DynamoDB to meet the above requirement? The table “coursedetails” consists of 3 columns i.e. course_id (hash key), course_name, student_name.

  • Configure the DynamoDB instance to have a second table which contains all the information by “student_name”.
  • Set up an In-Memory Acceleration with DAX in your DynamoDB instance.
  • Configure the “coursedetails” table to use “student_name” as a Global secondary index
  • The requirement is beyond the capability of DynamoDB.
A
  • Configure the “coursedetails” table to use “student_name” as a Global secondary index

Answer: C
Option A is incorrect because DynamoDB is not designed as a relational database and does not support join operations. You can think about DynamoDB as just being a set of key-value pairs. You can have the same keys across multiple tables, but DynamoDB doesn’t automatically sync them or have any foreign-key features. The columns in one table, while named the same, are technically a different set than the ones in a different table. It’s up to your application software to make sure that those keys are synced.
Option B is incorrect because In-Memory Acceleration with DAX is used for caching the query.
Option C is correct because we don’t know the course_id of those “student_name”, that’s what we want to get. So we find ourselves without knowing the items’ hash key values, that’s where GSI is used. Global Secondary Indexes let you define a different hash key for your table. Note that it will not change the primary hash key – “course_id” will still be the table’s hash key. GSI only provides an additional hash key for you to be able to make more complex queries
Option D is incorrect because it is under the capability of DynamoDB.
Refer:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/bp-gsi-aggregation.html

38
Q

You are running a successful multitier web application on AWS and your marketing department has asked you to add a reporting tier to the application. The reporting tier will aggregate and publish status reports every 30 minutes from user-generated information that is being stored in your web application s database. You are currently running a MuIti-AZ RDS MySQL instance for the database tier. You also have implemented Elasticache as a database caching layer between the application tier and database tier. Please select the answer that will allow you to successful ly implement the reporting tier with as little impact as possible to your database.

  • Continually send transaction logs from your master database to an 53 bucket and generate the reports off the 53 bucket using 53 byte range request s.
  • Generate the reports by querying the synchronously replicated standby RDS MySQL instance maintained through Multi-AZ.
  • Launch a RDS Read Replica connected to your MuIti AZ master database and generate reports by querying the Read Replica.
  • Generate the reports by querying the EIastiCache database caching tie
A
  • Launch a RDS Read Replica connected to your MuIti AZ master database and generate reports by querying the Read Replica.

Amazon RDS allows you to use read replicas with MuIti-AZ deployments. In Multi-AZ deployments for MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL, the data in your primary DB Instance is synchronously replicated to a standby instance in a different Availability Zone (AZ). Because of their synchronous replication, MuIti-AZ deployments for these engines offer greater data durability benefits than do read replicas. (In all Amazon RDS for Aurora deployments, your data is automatically replicated across 3 Availability Zones.)

You can use Multi-AZ deployments and read replicas in conjunction to enjoy the complementary benefits of each. You can simply specify that a given Multi-AZ deployment is the source DB Instance for your Read replicas. That way you gain both the data durability and availability benefits of Multi-AZ deployments and the read scaling benefits of read replicas. Note that for MuIti-AZ deployments, you have the option to create your read replica in an AZ other than that of the primary and the standby for even more redundancy. You can identify the AZ corresponding to your standby by looking at the “Secondary Zone” field of your DB Instance in the AWS Management Console.

39
Q

You have an RDS database that has moderate I/O requirements. Which storage medium would be best to accommodate these requirements?

  • Amazon RDS Magnetic Storage
  • Amazon RDS Elastic Storage
  • Amazon RDS Cold Storage
  • Amazon RDS General Purpose (SSD) Storage
A
  • Amazon RDS General Purpose (SSD) Storage

Amazon RDS General Purpose (SSD) Storage would be the most suitable. It offers cost-effective storage that is ideal for a broad range of workloads.

40
Q

Your data warehousing company has a number of different RDS instances. You have a medium size instance with automated backups switched on and a retention period of 1 week. One of your staff carelessly deletes this database. Which of the following apply.

  • A final snapshot MAY have been created when the instance was deleted, depending on whether the ‘SkipFinalSnapshot’ parameter was set to ‘False.’
  • A final snapshot will be created upon deletion automatically.
  • The automated backups will be retained for 2 weeks and then deleted after the 2 weeks has expired.
  • If the option is not enabled to retain them, the automatic backups are deleted when the instance is deleted.
A
  • A final snapshot MAY have been created when the instance was deleted, depending on whether the ‘SkipFinalSnapshot’ parameter was set to ‘False.’
  • If the option is not enabled to retain them, the automatic backups are deleted when the instance is deleted.

Under normal circumstances, all automatic backups of an RDS instance are deleted upon termination. However, it is possible to can create a final DB Snapshot upon deletion. If you do, you can use this DB Snapshot to restore the deleted DB Instance at a later date. Amazon RDS retains this final user-created DB Snapshot along with all other manually created DB Snapshots after the DB Instance is deleted.You can now retain Amazon RDS automated backups (system snapshots and transaction logs) when you delete a database instance. This allows you to restore a deleted database instance to a specified point in time within the backup retention period even after it has been deleted, protecting you against accidental deletion of data.

41
Q

The dashboard application for multiple company contact centers requires fast update response times for a large number of concurrent users. Call center metric data is stored in an Oracle version 11 database. Which architecture will provide high-availability and the low response times needed for this mission-critical data?

  • An Amazon RDS Oracle instance with Multi-AZ and Read Replicas
  • Oracle hosted on Amazon EC2 in multiple Availability Zones with Oracle Data Guard replication
  • An Amazon RDS Oracle Instance with AWS Database Replication Service
  • Oracle hosted on Amazon EC2 in Multiple Availability Zones with EBS snapshots
A
  • Oracle hosted on Amazon EC2 in multiple Availability Zones with Oracle Data Guard replication

Since the dashboard updates are needed across multiple contact centers, leveraging read-only replicated databases will provide fast response times. Amazon RDS doesn’t support read replicas for Oracle version 11, so hosting the database on EC2 and replicating the data with Oracle Data Guard is the only viable solution. AWS Database Replication Service is not an offered service, and using EBS snapshots won’t provide real-time replication.

42
Q

What does Amazon DynamoDB provide?

  • A predictable and scalable MySQL database
  • A fast and reliable PL/SQL database cluster
  • A standalone Cassandra database, managed by Amazon Web Services
  • A fast, highly scalable managed NoSQL database service
A
  • A fast, highly scalable managed NoSQL database service

Amazon DynamoDB is a managed NoSQL database service offered by Amazon. It automatically manages tasks like scalability for you while it provides high availability and durability for your data, allowing you to concentrate on other aspects of your application.
Reference: check the link – https://aws.amazon.com/running_databases/

43
Q

A user is launching an AWS RDS with MySQL. Which of the below mentioned options allows the user to configure the InnoDB engine parameters?

  • Options group
  • Engine parameters
  • Parameter groups
  • DB parameters
A
  • Parameter groups
44
Q

A wealth intelligence software company currently uses Oracle 12c as its database solution. However, it wants to move its databases to the AWS Cloud. Which of the following services will accommodate the migration?

  • Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)
  • Amazon Redshift
  • Amazon DynamoDB
  • Amazon ElastiCache
A
  • Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)

The hint to the answer lies in the company’s current database software. Oracle 12c is a relational database solution, which is what Amazon RDS is. The company can run its Oracle databases using RDS instances. Amazon DynamoDB is a non-relational DB solution and Amazon Redshift is for Big Data and Data Warehouse solutions. Amazon ElastiCache is used to increase DB performance through caching DB data to improve application performance.

45
Q

An online Ecommerce WordPress Website is currently storing its records in a Single MySQL RDS database in AWS. After few days there are severe performance issues on the database. They tried to Scale up the DB Instance. Right now they are using SQS to pull up the queries in Queue. Which of the following can be added to the architecture to rectify the performance issue and the solution must be cost effective.

  • Enable Multi-AZ for the database.
  • Use Elasticache Service.
  • Place a Load Balance in front of database.
  • Use Cloudfront in front of the database.
A
  • Use Elasticache Service.

Answer: B
Option A is incorrect because Multi-AZ is used for standby purpose and not for performance issues.
Option B is correct because the Elasticache service can be used to cache all the common queries. Hence if the same queries are causing the problem, the data sets will be fetched from Elasticache, instead of the database. This will reduce the load on the database server.
Option C is incorrect because Load Balance can’t be used on Single database server.
Option D is incorrect because Cloudfront is caching the data on a remote edge location which means that the request is not even going to the origin server.
Refer:
https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/

46
Q

What features are supported with Amazon RDS? (Select three)

  • horizontal scaling with multiple read replicas
  • elastic load balancing RDS read replicas
  • replicate read replicas cross-region
  • automatic failover to master database instance
  • application load balancer (ALB)
A
  • horizontal scaling with multiple read replicas
  • replicate read replicas cross-region
  • application load balancer (ALB)
47
Q

Your team had developed an online feedback application for a best image competition in AWS using CloudFormation. The application accepts high-quality images of each participant and stores them in S3 then records the information about the image as well as the participant’s profile in RDS. After the competition, the CloudFormation stack is not used anymore and to save resources, the stack should be terminated to save the cost. Your manager instructed you to back up the RDS database and the S3 bucket so the data can still be used even after the CloudFormation template is deleted. Which of the following options will fulfill this requirement?

  • Set the DeletionPolicy for the RDS instance to snapshot and then enable S3 bucket replication on the source bucket to a destination bucket to maintain a copy of all the S3 objects.
  • Set the DeletionPolicy to retain on both the RDS and S3 resource types on the CloudFormation template.
  • Set the DeletionPolicy on the S3 bucket to snapshot
  • Set the DeletionPolicy on the RDS resource to snapshot and set the S3 bucket to retain.
A
  • Set the DeletionPolicy on the RDS resource to snapshot and set the S3 bucket to retain.

Answer: D
Option A is incorrect because a replica of the S3 bucket is not required we can directly retain it.
Option B is incorrect because we can retain a snapshot of RDS, not S3.
Option C is incorrect because RDS also needs to be backed up.
Option D is correct because The Retain option keeps the resource in the event of a stack deletion. The Snapshot option creates a snapshot of the resource before that resource is deleted. The Delete option deletes the resource along with the stack.
Refer:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-attribute-deletionpolicy.html

48
Q

A company is planning to migrate an on premise 15 TB MySQL database cluster onto AWS. The replication lag needs to be less than 100 ms for the cluster and the size is expected to double in the next couple of months. Which of the following would be the ideal data store that should be chosen in AWS?

  • AWS RDS MySQL
  • AWS Aurora
  • AWS DynamoDB
  • AWS Redshift
A
  • AWS Aurora

Answer: B
Option B is correct because all Aurora Replicas returns query results with minimal replica lag—usually much less than 100 milliseconds after the primary instance has written an update. For Scaling also this is the best among all the options the minimum storage is for AWS Aurora is 10GB. Based on your database usage, your Amazon Aurora storage will automatically grow, up to 64 TB, in 10GB increments with no impact to database performance. There is no need to provision storage in advance. Amazon Aurora is a compatible MySQL database that can take on tremendous growth in terms of the data size.
Refer:
https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/faqs/

49
Q

Your new cost tracking application runs on AWS Lambda and Amazon RDS PostgreSQL. All testing has shown that the software is ready for production. Shortly after launch, users begin complaining about performance issues. After some investigation, you suspect a database query problem. What approach will you take to diagnose and resolve the problem in the most operationally efficient way?

  • Use RDS Performance Insights to identify the slow running query. Upon inspection, you notice the suspected query uses a DISTINCT clause for a one-to-many join. Modify the query to remove the DISTINCT clause and add an EXISTS qualifier to the WHERE clause.
  • Install a PostgreSQL native tool like pgBadger on an EC2 instance to identify the slow running query. Upon inspection, you notice the suspected query uses a DISTINCT clause for a one-to-many join. Modify the query to remove the DISTINCT clause and add an EXISTS qualifier to the WHERE clause.
  • Use RDS Performance Insights to identify the slow running query. Upon inspection, you notice the suspected query uses a DISTINCT clause for a one-to-many join. Modify the query to add a GROUP BY clause.
  • Install a PostgreSQL native tool like pgBadger on an EC2 instance to identify the slow running query. Upon inspection, you notice the suspected query uses a DISTINCT clause for a one-to-many join. Modify the query to add a GROUP BY clause.
A
  • Use RDS Performance Insights to identify the slow running query. Upon inspection, you notice the suspected query uses a DISTINCT clause for a one-to-many join. Modify the query to remove the DISTINCT clause and add an EXISTS qualifier to the WHERE clause.

RDS Performance insights provides an easy-to-understand dashboard for detecting performance problems on both RDS and Aurora database instances. You can monitor SQL queries that caused load and I/O waits, and you can identify the users and hosts through which the queries ran. A slow running query using a DISTINCT clause for a one-to-many join will benefit from removing the DISTINCT clause and adding an EXISTS qualifier to the WHERE clause. Using a native PostgreSQL tool like pgBadger will work, but it requires extra work to set logging parameters in the RDS parameter group. Adding a GROUP BY clause will not improve performance in this case.

AWS SAA3 (6 decks)

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