RCC chem elements Flashcards
Dmitri Mendeleev
Father of chemistry
How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?
Atomic weight
How is the table arranged?
Atomic number/protons
Arrangement of elements?
7 rows (periods) and 18 columns (groups or families)
Period number indicates..
Amount of energy levels occupied in electrons
group number identifies…
number of valence electrons
Groups aka
families (columns)
Same number of valence electrons..
causes chemical similarities
3 types of elements
Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids
75% of periodic table
metals
Location of metals on the periodic table
Left of staircase
location of nonmetals on the periodic table
right of staircase
location of metalloids
staircase
Exceptions
Hydrogen (non-metal) and Al (metal)
Metalloids
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At
metal that isn’t solid
mercury
Bromine
non metal, a liquid
ductile
capable of being stretched into wires
malleable
easy to shape or bend without breaking
cations and anions
positive charged ion and negative charged ion
ionization energy
amount of energy required to remove a valence electron in an atom
electronegativity
measure of attraction the nucleus had for a valence electron in another atom
highest electronegativity element
Fluorine, 4.0
atomic radius
size of an atom
number of protons increases
electrons are more attracted towards the nucleus
atomic radii decreases AS
distance ACROSS the table, size decreases
atomic radii increases
each successive atom has another occupied energy level, size increases
ionization energy increases
when atoms get smaller
closer atoms are to the nucleus means
atoms are harder to remove
ionization energy decreases when
when atoms get larger, down a group
the farther away electrons are from the nucleus…
less attracted and easier to remove
electronegativity increases
atoms get smaller
when electrons are closer to the nucleus
easier for the atom to attract more electrons
electronegativity decreases
atoms get larger
when atoms are farther away from the nucleus
it’s harder for the atom to attract more electrons
radii decreases when
metals lose electrons
radii increases when
non-metals gain electron
cations
lose their outermost level of electrons
most active element groups?
1,2, and 17
elements in most active groups?
unbonded
group 18
monatomic, found as free elements
Alkali metals properties
most active group, reactivity increases going down
alkaline earth metals properties
second most active group
Halogens
only group with 3 phases
Halliades
halogens that are combined with other elements, reactivity increases
Group 18
has a complete outer shell, EXPECTATION helium
Transition Metals (Groups 3-12)
- filled “d” orbital levels, hard with high melting points EXPECT mercury
- multiple oxidation numbers (different positive charges)
Transition Metal Solutions
Gives color in solutions
