RC 110 EXAM 2

Question 1

how to conduct pt interview

Answer 1

IDENTIFY PT

COMMUNICATION - CONSIDER PT EMOTIONAL STATE, ENVIRO. FACTORS, AND CULTURAL BELIEFS

AVOID LEADING QUESTIONS - USE OPEN ENDED STATEMENTS

EX WHEN DID SYMPTOMS START
WHAT MAKES IT BETTER OR WORSE

Question 2

PARTS OF AN EFFECTIVE INTERVIEW

Answer 2

SUBJECTIVE INFO

OBJECTIVE (MEASURABLE)

PT IMPRESSION OF HEALTH - INCLUDING OF DESCRIPTION OF ONGOING AND PAST MED HX

ESABLISH RAPPORT

SHOW INTEREST AND UNDERSTANDING - WHICH ENHANCES PARTICIPATION IN IDENTIFYING CONDITIONS

Question 3

NORMAL VALUES FOR VITALS

Answer 3

BP - 120/80
RR -12-20
HR - 60-100
SPO2 -95-100%
TEMP 37 C

Question 4

What is the normal range for adult human body temperature in Celsius?

Answer 4

37 degrees Celsius.

Question 5

True or False: A normal resting heart rate for adults is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute.

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The normal blood pressure range for adults is typically less than _____ mmHg systolic and _____ mmHg diastolic.

Answer 6

120; 80.

Question 7

What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose levels in mg/dL?

Answer 7

70 to 99 mg/dL.

Question 8

Which of the following is considered a normal respiratory rate for adults? A) 10-15 breaths/min B) 12-20 breaths/min C) 20-25 breaths/min

Answer 8

B) 12-20 breaths/min.

Question 9

What is the normal range for cholesterol levels in mg/dL?

Answer 9

Total cholesterol should be less than 200 mg/dL.

Question 10

True or False: A normal range for adult hemoglobin levels is 12 to 15 g/dL for women and 14 to 16 g/dL for men.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What is the normal range for serum creatinine levels in mg/dL?

Answer 11

0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: A normal body mass index (BMI) is between _____ and _____ kg/m².

Answer 12

18.5; 24.9.

Question 13

What is the normal range for electrolytes like sodium in serum, in mEq/L?

Answer 13

136-142

Question 14

True or False: Normal levels of potassium in serum are between 3.8 and 5.0 mEq/L.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a normal range for triglycerides in mg/dL? A) Less than 150 B) Less than 200 C) Less than 250

Answer 15

A) Less than 150.

Question 16

What is the normal range for white blood cell (WBC) count in cells per microliter?

Answer 16

4,500 to 11,000 cells/µL.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The normal range for platelet count is _____ to _____ cells per microliter.

Answer 17

150,000; 450,000.

Question 18

True or False: A normal range for adult calcium levels in serum is 4.5 to 5.4.

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

What is the normal range for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in mIU/L?

Answer 19

0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L.

Question 20

Which of the following is a normal range for body pH? A) 7.0-7.2 B) 7.35-7.45 C) 7.5-7.7

Answer 20

B) 7.35-7.45.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The normal range for bilirubin levels in adults is _____ to _____ mg/dL.

Answer 21

0.1; 1.2.

Question 22

What is the normal range for lactate in serum in mmol/L?

Answer 22

0.5 to 2.2 mmol/L.

Question 23

True or False: A normal range for serum albumin levels is 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What is the normal range for serum magnesium levels in mg/dL?

Answer 24

1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: A normal range for prothrombin time (PT) is _____ to _____ seconds.

Answer 25

11; 13.5.

Question 26

What is the normal range for INR (International Normalized Ratio) for patients not on anticoagulants?

Answer 26

1.0.

Question 27

True or False: A normal range for C-reactive protein (CRP) is less than 1.0 mg/L.

Answer 27

True.

Question 28

What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

Answer 28

1.005 to 1.030.

Question 29

NAMES FOR ABNORMAL VITALS

Question 30

What is the term for abnormally high blood pressure?

Answer 30

Hypertension

Question 31

What is the opposite of hypertension?

Answer 31

Hypotension

Question 32

True or False: Tachycardia refers to a heart rate that is slower than normal.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is the medical term for an abnormally fast heart rate?

Answer 33

Tachycardia

Question 34

What is the term for an abnormally slow heart rate?

Answer 34

Bradycardia

Question 35

Fill in the blank: An elevated body temperature is called ______.

Answer 35

Fever

Question 36

What is the medical term for low body temperature?

Answer 36

Hypothermia

Question 37

True or False: A normal respiratory rate is typically between 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the term for an abnormally high respiratory rate?

Answer 38

Tachypnea

Question 39

What is the name for an abnormally low respiratory rate?

Answer 39

Bradypnea

Question 40

What is the term for an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood?

Answer 40

Hyperglycemia

Question 41

What is the opposite of hyperglycemia?

Answer 41

Hypoglycemia

Question 42

True or False: Hyperthermia is the same as a fever.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What is the medical term for high cholesterol levels?

Answer 43

Hyperlipidemia

Question 44

What is the term for abnormally low oxygen levels in the blood?

Answer 44

Hypoxemia

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The term for excessive sweating is ______.

Answer 45

Hyperhidrosis

Question 46

What is the term for abnormally low blood volume?

Answer 46

Hypovolemia

Question 47

True or False: A normal pulse oximetry reading is typically above 95%.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What is the term for an abnormally high heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute?

Answer 48

Tachycardia

Question 49

What is the medical term for elevated levels of calcium in the blood?

Answer 49

Hypercalcemia

Question 50

What is the term for low levels of calcium in the blood?

Answer 50

Hypocalcemia

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The medical term for an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood is ______.

Answer 51

Hyperkalemia

Question 52

What is the term for low levels of potassium in the blood?

Answer 52

Hypokalemia

Question 53

True or False: A normal temperature range for adults is typically between 97°F and 99°F.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What is the term for an abnormally low respiratory rate, typically fewer than 12 breaths per minute?

Answer 54

Bradypnea

Question 55

What is the name for a dangerously high body temperature, often exceeding 104°F?

Answer 55

Hyperpyrexia

Question 56

WHAT IS AN ACUTE COUGH

Answer 56

A COUGH LESS THAN 8 WEEKS

Question 57

WHAT IS A CHRONIC COUGH

Answer 57

A LONG LASTING COUGH, GREATER THAN 8 WEEKS INIDICATIVE OF AN UNDERLYING ISSUE

Question 58

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR POST NASAL DRIP

Answer 58

UPPER AIRWAY SYNDROME

Question 59

BROWN/DARK SPUTUM

Answer 59

OLD BLOOD

Question 60

RED/FRESH SPUTUM

Answer 60

BLEEDING TUMOR/TB

Question 61

CLEAR/TRANSLUCENT SPUTUM

Answer 61

NORMAL

Question 62

COPIUOUS SPUTUM

Answer 62

LARGE AMOUNTS

Question 63

FRANK HEMPPTYSIS SPUTUM

Answer 63

MASSIVE AMOUNT OF BLOOD

Question 64

GREEN SPUTUM

Answer 64

STAGNANT GRAM NEG

Question 65

GREEN FOUL SMEELING SPUTUM

Answer 65

PSEUDOMONAS ANAEROBIC

Question 66

PINK AND FROTHY SPUTUM

Answer 66

PULM EDEMEA

Question 67

PERCUSION OF THE WE ARE LOOKING FOR

Answer 67

SIZE BORDER CONSISTENCY

Question 68

VICIOUS SPUTUM

Answer 68

STICKY THICK

Question 69

TENACIOUS SPUTUM

Answer 69

STICKY SECRETIONS ADHEZIVE STICK TO ONE ANOTHER

Question 70

YELLOW OR OPAQUE SPUTUM

Answer 70

WBC PRESENT OR INFECTION

Question 71

KUSSMAUL BREATHING

Answer 71

INCREASED CO2 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS FAST DEEP EX. DKA

Question 72

WHEEZE

Answer 72

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION BRONCHOSPASM CONTINOUS HIGH PITCHED

Question 73

STRIDOR

Answer 73

CONTINOUS LOUD HIGH PITCHED CAUSED BY UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

Question 74

PLEURAL FRICTION RUB

Answer 74

PLEURAL MEMEBRANES RESIST MOVEMENT CONTINOUS LOW COARSE CREAKING OR GRATING

Question 75

DIMINISHED BREATH SOUNDS

Answer 75

CAN BE SHALLOW OR SLOW BS INTENSITY DECREASES

Question 76

BIOT

Answer 76

FAST DEEP AND ABRUPT IRREG PAUASE EX. BRAIN INJURY

Question 77

FINE CRACKLES

Answer 77

DISCONTIONOUS HIGH PITCH CRACKLING POPPING (BUBBLE WRAP) RAPID EQUALIZATION OF GAS PRESSURE WITH COLLAPSED ALVEOLI

Question 78

COARSE CRACKLES

Answer 78

LOW PITCHED RUMBLING BUBBLING AIR MOVING THROUGH SECRETIONS

Question 79

WHAT ARE THE ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF INSP

Answer 79

SCALENE STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID PECTORALIS TRAPEZIOUS

Question 80

WHAT ARE THE ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF EXP

Answer 80

RECTUS ADBOMINUS EXT OBLIQUE INT OBLIQUE TRANSVERSE ABDOMINUS

Question 81

PULSE LOCATIONS

Answer 81

TEMPORAL CAROTID APICAL BRACHIAL FEMORAL POPLITEAL PEDAL (DORSALIS PEDIS) POSTERIOR TIBIAL

Question 82

WHAT HAPPENS DURING SYSTOLE

Answer 82

VENTRICULAR CONSTRATION

Question 83

WHAT HAPPENS DURING DIASTOLE

Answer 83

VENTRICULE REST

Question 84

WHAT IS AFEBRILE

Answer 84

NO FEVER

Question 85

WHAT IS PYREXIA

Answer 85

TEMP ABOVE NORMAL

Question 86

HYPERTHERMIA

Answer 86

TEMP ABOVE NORMAL RANGE

Question 87

HYPERPYREXIA

Answer 87

AN EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH TEMP

Question 88

HYPOTHERMIA

Answer 88

A TEMP BELOW NORMAL

Question 89

PARTS OF A PT ASSESSMENT

Answer 89

COLLECTION FORMULATION SELECTION DOCUMENTATION

Question 90

WHAT ARE THE NAMES FOR NORMAL BREATH SOUNDS

Answer 90

BRONCHIAL VESICULAR BRONCHOVESICULAR

Question 91

WHAT IS EUPNEA

Answer 91

NORMAL BREATHING

Question 92

WHAT IS BRADYPNEA

Answer 92

SLOW LABORED BREATHING

Question 93

WHAT IS TACHYPNEA

Answer 93

FAST BREATHING

Question 94

NAMES FOR ABNORMAL BREATHING PATTERNS

Answer 94

TACHYPNEA BRADYPNEA HYPOVENTILATION HYPERVENTILATION HYPERPNEA KUSSMAUL CHEYNE STOKES APNEA

Question 95

PRIMARY BREATHING MUSCLES

Answer 95

DIAPHRAGM AND INTERCOSTALS

Question 96

TYPES OF FEVERS

Answer 96

INTERMITTENT REMITTENT RELAPSING CONSTANT

Question 97

METHOD OF TAKING TEMP

Answer 97

ORAL RECTAL AXILLARY TYMPANIC TEMPPORAL

Question 98

WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Answer 98

SIGNS - OBJECTIVE DATA DESCRIBES CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARTICULAR DISEASE/DISORDER SYMPTOMS - SUBJECTIUVE DATA DESCRIBES CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARTICULAR DISORDER OR DYSFUNCTION

Question 99

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VASODILATION AND VASOCONSTRICTION

Answer 99

VASODILATION - AN INCREASE IN BODY TEMP CAUSES THE BLOOD VESSELS NEAR THE SKIN SURFACE TO DILATE VASOCONSTRICTION - DECREASE IN BODY TEMP WHICH WORKS TO KEEP WARMED BLOOD CLOSER TO THE CENTER

Question 101

PARTS OF PT EXAMINATION

Answer 101

INSPECTION PALPATION PERCUSSION AUSCULATION

Question 102

CONSOLIDATION MEANS

Answer 102

PUS OR FLUID IN LUNGS

Question 103

ATELECTASIS

Answer 103

AIR TRAPPING

Question 104

ERRORS ASSOC WITH AN ABG

Answer 104

PARALYTICAL ANALYTICAL INTERPRETAION POST ANALYTICAL

Question 105

IS ATELECTSASIS CONSIDERED RESTRICTIVE OR OBSTRUCTIVE

Answer 105

OBSTRUCTIVE

Question 106

EXAMPLES OF OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES OR CONDITIONS

Answer 106

FLAIL CHEST MUCUC PLUGGING PLEURAL EFFUSION PNEUMOTHORAX

Question 107

COOMON OF CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BLOOD GASES

Answer 107

RESPIRATIORY METABOLIC

Question 108

SPIROMETER MEASURES

Answer 108

CAN ONLY BE USED TO EVALUATE VT IC IRV ERV VC

Question 109

INDIRECT ARE USED TO TEST FOR

Answer 109

RV FRC TLC

Question 110

WHAT ARE THE 4 LUNG VOL ARE TESTED

Answer 110

VT IRV ERV RV

Question 111

4 LUNG CAPACITIES ARE TESTED VIA PFT

Answer 111

VC IC FRC TLC

Question 112

WHAT ARE THE 3 INDIRECT METHODS TO TEST RV, FRC, TLC

Answer 112

1. CLOSED CIRCUIT HELIUM DILUTION TEST 2. OPEN CIRCUIT NITROGEN TEST 3. BODY PLETTHYSMOOGRAPHY

Question 113

WHAT HAPPENS IN OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES

Answer 113

LOW VENT RATE TIDAL VOL INCREASED HIGH LUNG COMPLIANCE AIR TRAPPING

Question 114

WHAT HAPPENS IN RESTRICTIVE DISEASE

Answer 114

LOW LUNG COMPLIANCE INCREASED VENT RATE TIDAL VOL DECREASE RIGIDITY

Question 115

WHAT DOES A PFT LOOKS AT

Answer 115

FVC FEV1 FEVT FEV1/FVC RATIO FEF 25%-75% FEF 200-1200 PEFR MVV FLOW VOL LOOP

Question 116

DLCO MEASURES WHAT

Answer 116

THE AMOUNT OF CARBON MONOXIDE THAT MOVES ACROSS ACROSS THE ALVEOLAR -CAP MEMEBRANE

Question 117

NORMAL DLCO RATE FOR A MALE RESTING 25 ML/MG

Answer 117

MALE - 170 L/MIN FEMALE 110 L/MIN

Question 118

MVV IS WHAT

Answer 118

LARGEST VOL OF GAS THAT CAN BE BREATHED IN AND OUT OF LUNGS

Question 119

IF PACO2 INCREASES BY 10 MMHG

Answer 119

PH WILL DECREASE BY 0.06UNITS HC03 WILL INCREASE 1 MEQ/L

Question 120

IF PACO2 DECERASE BY 5 MMHG

Answer 120

PH WILL INCREASE BY O.O6 UNITS HCO3 WILL DECERASE BY 1 MEQ/L

Question 121

WHAT IS PART PART OF CBC WITH DIFF

Answer 121

RBC HGB TOTAL WBC HCT

Question 122

WHAT ARE THE ELECTROLYETES

Answer 122

SODIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM POTASSIUM

Question 123

WHAT ARE CARDIAC BIOMARKERS

Answer 123

CARDIAC TROPININ LESS THAN 0.01 CREATNINE KINASE 25-200 CREATNINE KINASE M8 - 0.4 MYGLOBIN - 25-72

Question 124

WHAT IS POLYCYTHEMIA

Answer 124

DRIVEN BY HYPOEXEMIA TOO MANY RBCS MAKE BLOOD THICKER THIS CAN RASISE PULM HYPERTENSION BLOOD CLOTS STROKE RIGHT HEART STRAIN

Question 125

TYPES OF WBC

Answer 125

ESOPHILS - 2%-4% NEUTROPHILS -60%-70% BASOPHILS - 0.5-1^ LYMPOCYTES =20%-25% MONOCYTES-3-8%

Question 126

TRANSUDATE

Answer 126

CLEAR FLUID HEART + LUNGS

Question 127

EXUDATE

Answer 127

CLOUDY FLUID

Question 128

WHAT IS C&S

Answer 128

NOT ANY DOES IT CHECK FOR INFECTION HELPS TO DETERMINATION FLOW AND EFFECTIVENESS

Question 129

WHERE ARE SPUTUM SAMPLES OBTAINED

Answer 129

FROM EXPECTORATION TRACHEAL SUCTION OR BRONCHOSCOPY

Question 130

BRONCHOSCOPY IS

Answer 130

WELL ESTABLISHED DX AND THERAPEUTIC TOOL

Question 131

TYPES OF THERAPIST DRIVEN PROTOCOLS

Answer 131

LUNG EXPANSION PROTOCOL AIRWAY CLEARANCE PROTOCOL AEROLIZAED MEDICATION MEDICATION THERAPY PROTOCOL

Question 132

THORACENTISIS

Answer 132

USED TO DX AND TX THROCIC PROBLEM DONE IN UPDRIGHT POSITION

Question 133

EBUS

Answer 133

EXAMINATION MAY BE PERFORMED DURING A BRONCHOSCOPY TO ESTBLISH OR STAGE LUNG CA OR THAT MAY HAVE SPREAD

Question 134

WHAT IS GRAM STAINING

Answer 134

A STAINING PROCESS PERFOMRED TO CLASSIFY BACTERIA INTO GRAM POSITIVE OR NEG ABLE TO GUIDE THERAPY UNTIL CAND S TEST COME BACK

Question 135

CALCULATE AIRWAY RESISTANCE

Answer 135

R = Δ P / V

Question 136

CALCULATE LUNG COMPLIANCE

Answer 136

ompliance (C) = ΔV/ΔP.

Question 137

CALCULATE PAO2

Answer 137

PAO2 = (Patm - PH2O) * FiO2 - PaCO2 / RQ PATCM = ATM PRESSURE ( 760) PH20 = 47 FIO2 = WILL BE GIVEN PACO2 = WILL BE GIVEN RQ = .80 UNLESS STATED UNIT OF MEASURE MMHG

Question 138

CALCULATE P[A-a]02

Answer 138

P(A-a)O2 = PAO2 - PaO2 BUT NEED TO CALUALTE Alveolar Gas Equation: PAO2 = (FiO2 * (Patm - PH2O)) - (PaCO2 / RQ GET ANSWER FOR PA02 THEN SUBTRACT FROM PaO2 ANSWER WILL BE IN MMHG

Question 139

CALCULATE CaO2

Answer 139

CaO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003) UNIT OF MEASURE

Question 140

CALCULATE (a-v)O2

Answer 140

START WITH CALCULATING CaO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (0.003 x PaO2). THIS IS ARTERIAL BLOOD THEN CALCULATE VENOUS BLOOD CvO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (0.003 x PvO2 THEN SUBTRACT

Question 141

COR PULMALE

Answer 141

a condition where the right side of the heart becomes damaged or overworked due to underlying lung diseases

Question 142

Answer 142

SINUS BRADY

Question 143

Answer 143

SINUS TACHYCARDIA

Question 144

2 SHOCKABLE RYTHMS

Answer 144

V TACH V FIB

Question 145

Answer 145

VENTRICLULAR TACHY (V TACH)

Question 146

Answer 146

V FIB

Question 147

Answer 147

SINUS RHYTHM WITH PVC

Question 148

ASYTOLE

Answer 148

NO ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY

Question 149

V FIB

Answer 149

CHAOTIC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY During ventricular fibrillation, the lower heart chambers contract in a very rapid and uncoordinated manner. As a result, the heart doesn't pump blood to the rest of the body.

Question 150

V TACHY

Answer 150

P WAVE INDERCERNIBLE QRS WIDE AND BIZARRE

Question 151

PVC

Answer 151

NOT PRECEDED BY P WAVE QRS IS WIDE AND BIZARRE REG HR ALTERED BY PVC

Question 152

ATRIAL FIBRILALTION

Answer 152

ATRIAL CONTRACTIONS ARE DISORGANIZED AND INEFFECTIVE MAY REDUCE CO BY 20% P WAVE ABSENT QRS NORMAL

Question 153

WHAT IS NORMAL AIRWAY RESISTANCE

Answer 153

0.5-2.5 CM H20/L/S

Question 154

Answer 154

LABEL THE PARTS OF THE EKG

Question 155

SINUS BRADYCARDIA

Answer 155

HR LESS THAN 60 BPM NORMAL P-QRS-T WAVE

Question 156

SINUS TACHYCARDIA

Answer 156

HR OVER 100 BPM NORMAL P-QRS-T WAVE

Question 157

SINUS ARRYTHMIA

Answer 157

PULSE WILL INCREASE WITH AN EXHALE INTERVALS GRPUPS CAN VARY BY 10% NORMAL P-QRS-T WAVE

Question 158

ATRIAL FLUTTER

Answer 158

P WAVE ABSENT REPLACED BY 2 SAW TOOTH WAVES

Question 159

HOW TO CALCULATE HR ON EKG STRIP IF IIREGULAR RYTHM

Answer 159

COUNT THE NUMBER OF QRS IN 6 SEC X 10

Question 160

HOW TO CALCULATE HR ON EKG REGULAR

Answer 160

COUNT THE NUMBER OF BOXES BETWEEN QRS COMPLES AND DIVIDE BY 300

Question 161

PULM ARTERY CATH IS ASLO CALLED

Answer 161

SWAN GANZ BALLOON TIPPED FLOW DIRECTED CATH MEASURES RAP PAP PCWP CO

Question 162

SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL CATH

Answer 162

IS AN INDWELLING CATH MODE OF INVASIVE HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING A systemic catheter, or right heart catheterization, measures pressures and blood flow in the heart and lungs by threading a thin tube through a blood vessel and into the heart, allowing for the assessment of cardiac function and identification of abnormalities.

Question 163

WHAT DOES THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL CATH ALLOW FOR

Answer 163

1. CONTINOUS AND PRECISE MEASUREMENTS OF SYSTOLIC, DIASTOLIC, AND MEAN BP 2. ACCURATE INFO OF FLUCTUATIONS OF BP 3. GUIDANCE IN THE DECISION TO GO UP, REGULATE OR GO DOWN IN REG THERAPY

Question 164

CENTRAL VENOUS CATH

Answer 164

READILY MEAURES THE CVP AND VENTRICULAR FILLING PRESSURE 1. VERNTRICLE HEART FAILURE 2. ACCESS FOR POSTIVE PRESSURE 3. COR PULMALE 4. FLAIL CHEST

Question 165

WHAT IS THERMODILUTION

Answer 165

a method of measuring cardiac output (CO) by injecting a known volume of a cold solution into the right atrium and measuring the temperature change in the pulmonary artery

Question 166

FLOW OF BLOOD

Answer 166

SVC AND IVC R ATRIUM TRICUSPID VALVE R VENT PULM SEMI LUNAR VALVE PULM ARTERY LUNGS GAS EXCHANGE PULM VIEN L. ATRIUM MITRAL VALVE L. VENT AORTIC SEMI LUNAR VALVE AORTA BODY

Question 167

V TACHY

Answer 167

HR RANGES FROM 150-250 BPM

Question 168

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TTE AND TEE

Answer 168

TTE (Transthoracic Echocardiogram) is a non-invasive heart ultrasound done by placing a probe on the chest, TEE (Transesophageal Echocardiogram) is a more invasive procedure where a probe is inserted down the esophagus for a clearer view of the heart.

Question 169

CAPILLARY REFILL TEST

Answer 169

press firmly on the nail bed or fingertip until it turns white, then release the pressure and time how long it takes for the color to return, which should be less than 2 seconds for normal perfusion.

Question 170

P WAVE IS

Answer 170

DEPOLARIZATIION OF ATRIA (CONTRACTION)

Question 171

QRS COMPLES IS

Answer 171

DEPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICLES (CONTRACTION)

Question 172

T WAVE IS

Answer 172

REPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICLES ( RELAX)

Question 173

WHAT ARE THINGS THAT IMPACT O2 CONSUMPTION

Answer 173

Oxygen consumption is how much oxygen the body is using and needs to maintain metabolic equilibrium, and it varies based on certain states. Oxygen consumption increases with illness, fever, and exercise.

Question 174

WHAT IS DISADVANTAGE OF AP VIEW RADIOGRAPH

Answer 174

THE HEART AND MEDIATSINUM ARE SIGNIFICANTLY MAGNIFIED LESS RESOLUTION

Question 175

WHAT 2 VIEW IN RADIOGRAPH COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER

Answer 175

LATERAL AND PA

Question 176

CALCULATE WOB

Answer 176

W=P X V

Question 177

HISTOLOGIC HYPOXEMIA

Answer 177

THE IMPAIRED ABILITY OF THE TSSUE CELLS TO METABOLIZE O2

Question 178

CIRCULATORY ANEMIA

Answer 178

BLOOD FLOW TO THE TISSUE IS INADEQUESTE

Question 179

ANEMIC HYPOEMIA

Answer 179

INADEQUESTE O2 AT TEH TISSUE LEVEL CAUSED BY DECREASE IN ARTERIAL 02 TENSION

Question 180

COR PULMOALE

Answer 180

R VENT HYPERTROPHY TERM TO DESCRIBE PULM ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Question 181

WHAT IS THERMODILUITION USED FOR

Answer 181

TO MEASURE CO

Question 182

NORMAL TIDAL VOL

Answer 182

500 ML 7-9 ML/KG

Question 183

NORMAL MINUTE VENT

Answer 183

5-8

Question 184

NORMAL VALUES FOR ABG

Answer 184

PH - 7.35-7.45 PACO2 - 45-35 HC03 - 22-26 PAO2 - 80-100

Question 185

NORMAL VALUES FOR VBG

Answer 185

PH - 7.30-7.40 PACO2 - 48-44 HC03 - 24-30 PA02 - 35-35

Question 186

MINUTE VENTILATION CALCULATION

Answer 186

MV= RR X VT

Question 187

IN IOBSTRUCTUIVE DIS, WHAT PART OF A PFT ARE IMPACTED

Answer 187

DCERASE FEF INCREASE TLC INCREASE RV

Question 188

IN RESTRICTIVE DIS, WHAT PARTS OF PFT ARE IMPACTED

Answer 188

DECREASE IN PEF

Question 189

WHAT IS FEV1/FVC RATION

Answer 189

PERCENT OF THE PT TOTAL VOL OF AIR FORCE EXHALED ADULTS EXPEL 83% DECREASES WITH AGE

Question 190

WHAT IS FEV 1

Answer 190

THE AMOUNT OF AIR EXPELLED IN 1 SEC

Question 191

HISTOLOGY OF THE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TRESS

Answer 191

LAMINA PROPIRA EPITHELIUM CARTILAGE Basal and ciliated as well as few goblet cells interspersed among the ciliated cells Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells (mucus-producing cells Similar to the trachea, but with shorter epithelial cells, fewer goblet cells, and fewer seromucous glands

Question 192

WHAT IS NORMAL PEFR VALUES FOR MALES AND FEMALES

Answer 192

MALE - 450-700 L/MIN FEMALE - 300-500 L/MIN

Question 193

ANOTHER NAME FOR ACUTE RESP ALKALOSIS

Answer 193

ACUTE AVEOLAR HYPERVENT

Question 194

ANOTHER NAME FOR COMPENSATED RESP ACIDOSIS

Answer 194

CHRONIC VENT FAILURE

Question 195

ANIOTHER NAME OFR LACTIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 195

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Question 196

WHAT IS BARREL CHEST CHEST SHAPE

Answer 196

AIR TRAPPING WITH LUNG HYPERINFLATION IN OBSTRUCTIVE DIS

Question 197

WHAT IS H KYPHOSIS CHEST SHAPE

Answer 197

AN EXAGERETED POSTERIOR CURVATURE OF THORACIC "HUNCH BACK"

Question 198

SCOLISOS CHEST SHAPE

Answer 198

A LATERAL S SHAPE CURVATURE OF THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE OFTEN WITH INVOLVED VERTEBRAL ROTATION

Question 199

KYPHOSOCOLIOSIS CHEST SHAPE

Answer 199

THE COMBINATION OF BOTH KYPHOSIS AND SCOLIOSIS SEVERE DEFORMITY IMPAIRS THE CARDIO PULM FUNCTION

Question 200

PECTUS EXCAVATUM CHEST SHAPE

Answer 200

A SUNKEN STERNUM AND ADJECENT CARTILAGES THE DEPRESSION BEGINS AT 2ND INTERCOSTAL SPACE CECOMES MORE DEPRESSED AT THE JUNCTION OF THE XIPHOID AND THE BODY STERNUM

Question 201

PECTUS CARMITHTUM CHEST SHAPE

Answer 201

THE INWARD PROJECTIION OF THE STERNUM WITH RIBS STOPING AT THE OUTSIDE AND VERTICAL DEPRESSION ALOMNG THE COSTOCHRONDRAL "BIRD CHEST"

Question 202

NORMAL IRV VALUES

Answer 202

MALE - 3400 FEMALE 1900

Question 203

ERV VALUES

Answer 203

MALE -1200 FEMALE - 800

Question 204

NORMAL TLC

Answer 204

4.5-6

Question 205

WHAT IS THE HERRING BEUERE REFLEX

Answer 205

a reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung Pulmonary stretch receptors, located in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, respond to excessive stretching of the lungs during large inspiration

Question 206

J RECEPTORS

Answer 206

sensory nerve endings located in the alveolar walls near pulmonary capillaries, innervated by the vagus nerve, that respond to conditions like pulmonary edema and congestion, leading to increased breathing rate and potentially dyspnea. RESPOND TO FLUID BUILD UP RAPID SHALLOW BREATHING

Question 207

IRRITANT REFLEX

Answer 207

The irritant reflex is a protective mechanism in the respiratory system triggered by irritants, leading to responses like cough, bronchoconstriction, and increased breathing rate, to expel or reduce the harmful substance. IN TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES

Question 208

WHAT ARE PORES OF KAHN

Answer 208

ALVEOLUS HAVE OPENING TO GAS TO MOVE ALVEOLI TO ALVEOLI

Question 209

WHAT ARE CANALS OF LAMBERT

Answer 209

OPENINGS THAT GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALVEOLUS AND BRONCHIOLES NEARBY

Question 210

ORTHOPNEA (OR POSTIONAL)

Answer 210

shortness of breath that occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing

Question 211

CARDIAC DYSPNEA

Answer 211

LABORED BREAHING CAUSED BY HEART DIS

Question 212

EXERTIONAL DYSPNEA

Answer 212

PROVOKED BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Question 213

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURANL

Answer 213

A FORM OF RESP DISTRESS RESLATED TO POSTURE (RECLINING POSITION)

Question 214

WHAT IS RENAL DYSPNEA

Answer 214

DYSPNEA RELATED TO KIDNEY DIS

Question 215

WHERE ARE THE CONDUCTING AIRWAYS

Answer 215

UPPER AIRWAYS LOWER AIRWAYS

Question 216

WHERE DOES GAS EXCHANGE OCCUR CONDUCTING AIRWAYS OR RESP ZONE

Answer 216

RESP ZONE

Question 217

NORMAL PAO2 VALUES

Answer 217

NORMAL - 80-100 MILD - 79-60 MOD - 59-40 SEVERE - LESS THAN 40

Question 218

NORMAL HGB AND HCT LEVELS

Answer 218

HGB - MALE - 14-16 HCT - MALE 45% HGB - FEMALE-12-15 HCT - FEMALE - 42%

Question 219

WHAT IS A NORMAL 1/E RATION

Answer 219

1:2

Question 220

WHAT ARE NORMAL SPO2 VALUES

Answer 220

NORMAL - 95-100 MILD - 91-94 MOD - 90-75 SEVERE LESS THAN 75

Question 221

WHAT MAKES UP THE VC

Answer 221

VC=IRV+VT+ERV

Question 222

WHAT MAKES UP THE IC

Answer 222

IC = VT+ IRV

Question 223

WHAT MAKE SUP THE FRC

Answer 223

FRC= ERV +IRV

Question 224

WHAT MAKES UP THE TLC

Answer 224

TLC = IC+ ERV+RV

Question 225

WHAT IS THE RES VOL/TOTAL LUNG CAP RATION

Answer 225

1200/6000 =20% (MALE) 1000/4200 =0.238 25% (FEMALE)

Question 226

LUNGS ARE CONSIDERED NORMAL IF WHAT ARE WITHIN 200 ML OF EACH OTHER

Answer 226

FVC AND VC

Question 227

WHAT IS MORMAL IRV VALUES

Answer 227

MALE - 3100 FEMALE - 1900

Question 228

WHAT IS NORMNAL ERV VALUES

Answer 228

MALE - 1200 FEMALE -800

Question 229

WHAT IS NORMAL RV VALUES

Answer 229

MALE - 1200 FEMALE - 1000

Question 230

TIDAL VOULME NORMALVALUES

Answer 230

MALE -500 FEMALE - 400-500

Question 231

NORMAL VALUES FOR NA

Answer 231

136-142

Question 232

NORMAL VALUES FOR K

Answer 232

3.8-5.0

Question 233

NORMAL VALUE FOR CL

Answer 233

95-103

Question 234

CA+ NORMAL VALUE

Answer 234

4.5-5.4

Question 235

WHAT IS A NORMAL CVP PRESSURE

Answer 235

0-8

Question 236

WHAT IS A NORMAL RAP PRESSURE

Answer 236

0-8

Question 237

MPAP PRESSURE VALUE

Answer 237

10-20

Question 238

PCWP VALUES

Answer 238

4-12

Question 239

CO

Answer 239

4-6

Question 240

HOW TO CALCULATE O2 DISSOLVED

Answer 240

PAO2 X0.03 (DISSOLVED 02) TO GET THE O2 BOUND TO HGB FIRST

Question 241

HOW TO CALCULATE O2 BOUND TO HGB

Answer 241

1.34 X O2 X HGB = ANSWER PER 100 ML OF BLOOD

Question 242

HOW TO CALCULATE CO

Answer 242

CO=SV X HR

Question 243

WHEN IS DULL PERCUSSION HEARD

Answer 243

PLEURAL THICKENING PLEURAL EFFUSION ATELECATASIS CONSOLIDATION

Question 244

HYPERRESONNAT TONE HEARD WHEN

Answer 244

AIR TRAPPING

Question 245

HR IS DESCRIBED AS

Answer 245

RATE RYTHM AND STRENGTH

Question 246

VESICULAR BREATH SOUND IS WHAT TYPE OF PITCH AND INTENSITY

Answer 246

PITCH - HIGH INTENSITY - SOFT

Question 247

BROCNHIAL BREATH SOUNDS HAVE WHAT TYPE OF PITCH AND INTENSITY

Answer 247

PITCH - HIGH INTENSITY - LOUD

Question 248

BRONCHOVESICULAR BREATH SOUNDS HAVE WHAT YYPE OF PITCH AND INTENSITY

Answer 248

PITCH - MOD INTENSITY - MOD

Question 249

WHAT ARE THE STEP 1 APPROACH PER GINA FOR ASTHMA

Answer 249

DAYTIME SYMPTOMS LESS THAN OR EQUAL 2X A WEEK NOCTURNAL AWAKENINGS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 2/MONTH NORMAL FEV 1 EXACERBATIONS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1/YR

Question 250

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PER STEPWISE STEP 1

Answer 250

LOW DOSE ICS WITH RAPID ONSET LABA PRN

Question 251

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PER STEPWISE STEP 2

Answer 251

LOW DOSE ICS WITH RAPID ONSET LABA PRN ASSESS FOR ADD ON THERAPIES

Question 252

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PER STEPWISE STEP 3

Answer 252

LOW DOSE ICS WITH RAPID ONSET LABA AS CONTROLLER LOW DOSE ICS WITH RAPID ONSET LABA PRN ASSESS FOR ADD ON THERAPY

Question 253

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PER STEPWISE STEP 4

Answer 253

MEDIUM DOSE ICS LAMA AS CONTROLLER SABA PRN ASSESS FOR ADD ON THERAPIES

Question 254

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PER STEPWISE STEP 5

Answer 254

MEDIUM DOSE ICS WITH RAPID ONSET LABA AS CONTROLLER LAMA AS CONTROLLER SABA PRN ASSESS FOR ADD ON THERAPY

Question 255

WHAT ARE THE STEP 2 APPROACH PER GINA FOR ASTHMA

Answer 255

DAYTIME SYMPTOMS GREATER TO OR EQUAL 2 DAYS/WK BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 7 DAYS/WK NOCTURNAL AWAKENINGS 3-4 NIGHTS/MONTH MINOR INTERFERENCE WITH ACTIVITIES FEV1 WITHIN NORMAL RANGE EXACERBATIONS GREATER TO OR EQUAL 2/YR

Question 256

WHAT ARE THE STEP 3 APPROACH PER GINA FOR ASTHMA

Answer 256

DAYTIME SYMPTOMS NOCTURNAL AWAKENINGS LESS THAN 1/WK DAILY NEED FOR SABA SOME ACTIVITY LIMITATION FEV1 60-80% EXACERBATIONS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL 2/YR

Question 257

WHAT ARE THE STEP 4-6 APPROACH PER GINA FOR ASTHMA

Answer 257

SYMPTOMS ALL DAY NOCTURNAL AWAKENINGS NEED FOR SABA SEVERAL TIMES/DAY EXTREME LIMITATION IN ACTIVITY FEV1 LESS THAN OR EQUAL 60% PREDICTED EXACERBATIONS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL 2/YR

Question 258

IF A MEDICATION IS NOT SCHEDULED BUT NEEDED FOR IMMEDIATE CONTROL

Answer 258

RELEIVER OR RESCUE

Question 259

IF A MEDICATION IS SCHEDULED

Answer 259

MAINTENANCE OR CONTROLLER

Question 260

TYPES OF ASTHMA

Answer 260

ALLERGIC (ATOPIC) NON-ALLERGIC LATE ONSET ASTHMA WITH FIXED AIRFLOW LIMITATION ASTHMA WITH OBESITY

Question 261

LEUKOTRIENES DO WHAT

Answer 261

LTRA BLOCK THE AFFECTS OF LEUKOTRIENES preventing leukotrienes from binding and causing their effects.

Question 262

LAMA DOES WHAT

Answer 262

PREVENTS MUSCARIRNIC RECEPTOR SMOOTH MUSCLE CONSTRICTION

Question 263

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES DO WHAT

Answer 263

TARGETS IMMUNOGLOBINS OR INTERLEUKINS

Question 264

METHYLXANTHINES DO WHAT

Answer 264

BRONCHODILATION

Question 265

PEAK FLOW VALUES

Answer 265

RED - LESS THAN 50% YELLOW - 79-50% GREEN - 100-80%

Question 266

WHAT IS EXTRINSIC ASTHMA

Answer 266

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES: REFLEX BRONCHOCONSTRICTION INCREASED MUCUS PRODUCTION VASCULAR PERMEABILITY LEADING TO TISSUE DAMAGE

Question 267

WHAT IS INTRINISC ASTHMA

Answer 267

CANNOT BE DIRECTLY LINKED TO A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN NORMAL SERUM IGE LEVELS OFTEN OCCURS AFTER THE AGE OF 40

Question 268

IMMUNOLOGIC MECHANISM OF AN ASTHMA ATTACK ( OF EXTRINISC ASTHMA)

Answer 268

LINKED TO ANTIGEN EXPOSURE ANALPHYLATIC HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION IMMUNOLOGIC MECHANISM . LYMPHOID TISSUE FOR IGE ANTIBODIES . IGE ANTIBODIES ATTACH TO MAST CELL . MAST CELL DEGRANULATION RELASING HISTAMINE, EOSINOPHIL CHEMOTAXIC FACTOR OF ANAPHAYLYSIX, NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTXIC FACTORS LEUKOTRIENES PROSTOGLANDINS PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTORS

Question 269

ANATOMIC ALTERATIONS OF ASTHMA

Answer 269

SMOOTH MUSCLE CONSTRICTIION OF BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS (BRONSHOSPASM) EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF THICK, WHITISH BRONCHIAL SECRETIONS MUCUS PLUGGING HYPERINFLATION OF ALVEOLI (AIR TRAPPING) IN SEVERE CASE, ATEELACSIS CAUSED BY MUSCUS PLUGGING BRINCHIAL LEADING TO FIBROSIS (CAUSED BY REMODELING)

Question 270

HOW IS THE ABG FOR ASTHMA

Answer 270

PACO2 AND BICARB GO UP

Question 271

PFT FOR ASTHMA

Answer 271

FEV1 DOWN EVRYTHING \\GOES DOWN

Question 272

HOW ARE BS FOR AN ASTHMA PT

Answer 272

EXPIRATORY PROLONGATION (I/E RATIO GREATER TAN 3.3) DECREASED TACYILE AND VOCAL FREMITUS HYPERRESONANT PERCUSSION NOTE DIM BS WHEEZE CRACKLES

Question 273

HOW DOES AN ASTHMA RADIOGRAPH APPEAR

Answer 273

TRANSLUCENT DARK FIELDS (AIR TRAPPING) INCREASED ANTERIORPOSTERIOR DIAMETER (BARREL CHEST) DEPRESSED OR FLATTENED DIPHRAGM

Question 274

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES FOR COPD

Answer 274

EXCERBATION SYMPTOM MEDCIATION 02 THERAPY

Question 275

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS AND EXCERBATION LEVEL FOR EACH GOLD GROUP

Answer 275

A- LOW SYMP/LOW EXCERABTION B- HIGH SYM/LOW EXACERBATION E. - HIGH EXACERBATION

Question 276

HOW DOES A PFT LOOK FOR A COPD PT

Answer 276

VT - N OR INCREASE RV - NORMAL OR INCREASE FRC - INCREASE TLC - N OR INCREASE RV /TLC RATIO - N OR INCREASE IC - N OR DECREASE EVERYTHING ELSE DECERASE

Question 277

HOW DOES A COPD PT CXR LOOK

Answer 277

TRANSLUCENT DARK LUNG FIELDS DEPRESSED OR FLATTENED DIAPHRAGM LONG NARROW HEART , PULLED DOWN BY DIAPHRAGM INCREASED RETROSTERNAL AIR SPACE

Question 279

cystic fibrosis

Answer 279

FATAL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION AND ACCUMULATION OF THE THICK MUCUS IN THE TRACHEOBROCHIAL TREE

Question 280

CFTR

Answer 280

CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMEBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR A GENE THAT, WHEN MUTATED, LEADS TO CF

Question 281

BROCNHIAL OBSTRUCTION

Answer 281

A CONDITION WHERE BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS ARE BLOCKED WHICH CAN BE CAUSED BY MUCUS PLUGGING

Question 282

ATELECTASIS

Answer 282

PARTIAL OR COMPLETE COLLAPSE OF THE LUNG OFTEN DUE TO BLOCKAGE OF THE AIR PASSAGES

Question 283

MUCUS PLUGGING

Answer 283

ACCUMULATION OF THICK MUCUS IN THE AIRWAYS THAT OBSTRUCT AIRFLOW

Question 284

SWEAT TEST

Answer 284

A DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR CF THAT MEAUSRES THE AMOUNT OF SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN SWEAT

Question 285

ELEVATED SWEAT CHLORIDE

Answer 285

SWEAT CHLORIDE LEVELS GREATER THAN 60 MEQ/L ON TWO OCCSAIONS INIDCATE A DX OF CF

Question 286

GENETIC COUNSELING

Answer 286

A PROCESS TO INFORM AND SUPPORT INDIVIDUALS REGARDING GENETIC ASPECTS OF CF INCLUDING RISKS AND INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Question 287

PFT

Answer 287

TESTS THAT MEASURE LUNG FUNCTION AND CAPACITY OFTEN INDICATING THE SEVERITY OF CF

Question 288

SYMPTOMS OF CF

Answer 288

Chronic cough, wheezing, sputum production, frequent respiratory infections, and failure to thrive.

Question 289

Hematologic outcomes in CF

Answer 289

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, often in response to chronic hypoxia.

Question 290

Nasal potential difference (NPD)

Answer 290

A measurement that assesses the transport of sodium and chloride across epithelial cell linings, indicative of CFTR function.

Question 291

Pre-natal testing for CF

Answer 291

Screening for CF mutations in pregnant women to assess the risk of having a child with CF.

Question 292

anatomic alterations of the lungs -cf

Answer 292

EXCESSIVE RODUCTION AND ACCULULATIONOF THICK TENACIOUS MUCUS IN THE TTRACHEA-BRONCHIAL TREE PARTIAL BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION (MUCUS PLUGGING) HYPERINFLATION OF ALVEOLI TOTAL BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION (MUCUS PLUGGING) ATELECTASIS

Question 293

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CF

Answer 293

AL GENE DISORDER CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN APAIR OF GENES LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME 7 OVER 1700 DIFF MUTATIONS IN THE GENE THAT ENCODES FOR THE CF TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR, CFTR.

Question 294

THE ABNORMAL EXPRESSIONOF THE CFTR RESULTS IN

Answer 294

RESULTS IN THICK VICIOUS ACCULUMALTION IN THE LUNGS MUCUS BLOCKS THE PASSAGEWAYS OF THE PANCREAS WHICH PREVENTS ENZYMEABNORMLA TRANSPORT OF SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IONS ACROSS MANY TYPES OF EPIHERLIAL SURFACES S FROM THE PANCREAS FROM REACHING THE INTESTINE

Question 295

6 CLASSES OF CFTR MUTATIONS

Answer 295

DIVIDED INTO 3 BROAD CATEGORIES: AFFECING THE QUALITY OF THE CFTR PROTIEN AFFECTING FUNCTION PF THE CFTR PROTEIN AS A GATING DEFECT (CLASSII) WHERE THE CHANNEL DOES NOT OPEN A CONDUCTANCE DEFECT (CLASS IV) WHERE THE ION FLOW IS IMPAIRED

Question 296

HOW CF GENE IS INHERITED

Answer 296

A RECESSIVE GENE DISORDR THE CHILD MUST INHERIT 2 COPIES OF THE DEFECTIVE CG GENE TO HAVE DISESE IF BOTH PARENTS CARRY THE GENE, THE POSSIBILITY OF HEIR CHILDREN HAVING FOLLOW THE MENDELIAN inherited pattern of 1 in 4.

Question 297

SCREENING AND DX OF CF

Answer 297

BASED ON THE CLINCAL MAIFESTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CF FAMILY HX OF CF LAB FINDINGS

Question 298

2 CRITERIA MUST BE MET TO DX FOR CF

Answer 298

1) Clinical presentation consistent with CF symptoms . 2) Laboratory evidence of CFTR dysfunction or the presence of two CFTR mutations.

Question 299

clinical eveidence of CF CFTR DYSFUNCTION

Answer 299

ELEVATED SWEAT CHLORIDE GREATER THAN 60 MEQ/L (ON 2 OCCASIONS) MOLECULAR DX - GENETIC TESTING ABNRMAL NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

Question 300

NEBORN SCREENING OF CF

Answer 300

A test performed on newborns to detect cystic fibrosis early, typically through the measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) levels.

Question 301

HOW LONG HAS CF SCREENING IN NEWBORNS BEEN PRRACTICED IN ALL 50 STATES

Answer 301

2011

Question 302

MOST INFANTS WITH CF HAVE AN ELEVATED

Answer 302

BLOOD LEVEL OF IMMUNOREACTIVE TRYPSINOGEN (IRT)

Question 303

THE IMMUNOREACTIVE TRYPSIN IS MEASURED FROM

Answer 303

A blood sample taken from the newborn's heel. ON THE GUTHRIE CARDS

Question 304

WHAT IS TEH SWEAT TEST

Answer 304

A diagnostic test used to measure the amount of chloride in sweat, helping to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

Question 305

WHAT US THE GOLD STANADRD FOR DX TEST FOR CF

Answer 305

The sweat test is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis, measuring chloride levels in sweat to confirm the condition.

Question 306

WHAT DOES THE SWEAT TEST MEASURE

Answer 306

The sweat test measures the concentration of chloride and sodium in sweat, which can indicate cystic fibrosis when elevated.

Question 307

WHAT IS PILOCARPINA

Answer 307

a medication used to stimulate sweat production during the sweat test for cystic fibrosis. USUALLY DONE 2X

Question 308

INFANTS WITH A + CF NEWBORN SCREENING RESULT SHOULD HAVE WHAT DONE

Answer 308

A diagnostic sweat test performed to confirm cystic fibrosis. AFTER 2 WEEKS OF AGE AND GREATER THAN 2 KG IF ASYMPOTAMTIC

Question 309

SWEAT TESTS INTERPRETATIONS INFANTS LESS THAN 6 MONTHS OF AGE

Answer 309

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 29 MMOL/L - NORMAL 30-59 MMOL/L -INTERMEDIATE - POSSIBLE CF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 MMOL/L - ABNRMAL - DX OF CF

Question 310

SWEAT TESTS INTERPRETATIONS INFANTSOLDER 6 MONTHS OF AGE, CHILDREN AND ADULTS

Answer 310

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 39 MMOL/L - NORMAL 40-59 MMOL/L - INTERMEDIATE - POSSIBLE CF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 MMOL/L - ABNORMAL - DX OF CF GREATER THAN 60MMOL/L ABNRONAL - DX OF CF

Question 311

CLINICAL INDICATIONS JUSTIFYING THE INTIAL EVELAUTAION FOR CF

Answer 311

WHEEZE DISTAL INTEST. OBSTRUCTION SYNDROME CHRINIC COUGH PANCREAS INSUFFICIENT SPUTUM PRODUCTION PANCREATITIS PARASINUSITIS CHOLELITHIASIS GI ISSUES FAT SOLUBLE DEF (A, D, E, K) FREQ RESP INFECTIONS FAILURE TO THRIVE HYPOPROTEINEMIA HEPTOMEGALY LABNORMAL CT SCAN HEPTOBILARY PROLAPSE INFERTILITY MECONIUM ILEUS OBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA MECONIUM PERITONITIS NASAL POLYPS FOCAL BILIARY CIRRHOSIS PARASINUSITIS CHOLELITHIASIS

Question 312

MOLECULAR DX FOR CF

Answer 312

Molecular diagnosis for cystic fibrosis involves genetic testing to identify mutations in the CFTR gene, which is responsible for CF.

Question 313

NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES OF CF

Answer 313

THE IMPAIRED TRANSPORT NA+ AND CL- ACROSS THE EPITHELIAL CELL LINING THE AIRWAY OF THE CF PT CAN BE MEASURED by nasal potential difference measurements. This reflects abnormal ion transport, characteristic of cystic fibrosis.

Question 314

WHEN NA+ AND CL- MOVE ACROSS THE EPITHELIAL CELL MEMBRANE THEY GENERATE

Answer 314

an electrical potential difference, which can be measured to assess ion transport abnormalities in cystic fibrosis.

Question 315

THE NASAL PASSAGES THE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IS CALLED

Answer 315

the nasal potential difference.

Question 316

PRE NATAL TESTING FOR CF

Answer 316

PREG FEMALES OFFERED SCREENING FOR CF MUTATIONS IF BOTH PARENTS TEST + TEST FOR CF MUTATIONS THEN THE FETUS HAS A 1:4 CHANCE OF HAVING CF

Question 317

STOOL FECAL FAT TEST FOR CF

Answer 317

a diagnostic test that measures the amount of fat in a stool sample, used to assess pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients. MEAUSRES THE AMOUNT OF FATE IN THE IN INFANTS STOOL AND THE % OF DIETARY FAT THAT IS NOT ABSORBED BY THE BODY

Question 318

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE STOOL FECAL FAT TEST

Answer 318

USED TO EVEALUATE HOW THE LIVER, GALL BLADDER, PANCREASE, AND INTESTINES ARE FUNCTIONING

Question 319

INFANTS WITH CF AND PANCREATIC INSUFF WILL HAVE A FECAL ELASTANCE OF LESS THAN

Answer 319

50 UG/G OF STOOL

Question 320

WHAT IS THE NORMAL VALUES FOR INFANTS FOR THE STOOL FECAL FAT TEST

Answer 320

NORMAL IS GREATER THAN 300 UG/G OF STOOL

Question 321

OVERVIEW OF TEH CARDIOPULMONARY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CF

Answer 321

ATELECTASIS BRONCHOSPASM EXCESSIVE BRONCHIAL SECRETIONS

Question 322

VITALS SIGNS FOR CF PT

Answer 322

INCREASED BP RR (TACHYPNEA) HR

Question 323

HOW ARE ACCESSORY MUSCLES AND BREATHING IN CF

Answer 323

used during respiration to assist with breathing due to increased work of breathing and airway obstruction. ACCESSORY MUSCLES FOR INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION AND PURSED LIP BREATHING BARREL CHEST COUGH AND SPUTUM PRODUCTIO AND HEMPPYTSIS CYANOSIS

Question 324

CHEST ASSESMENT FOR CF

Answer 324

DECREASED TACTILE AND VOCAL FREMITUS HYPER-RESONANT DIM BS DIM HEART SOUNDS BRONCHIAL BREATH SOUNDS (OVER ATELECTSASIS) CRACKLES WHEEZE SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX

Question 325

PULM FUNCTION TEST FOR SEVERE CF

Answer 325

FEV1/FVC RATIO - D PEFR - D FEF 25-75 - VT - N OR I IC - N OR D IRV - N OR D FRC - I ERV - N OR D TLC - N OR I RV - I VC -D RV/TLC RATIO - N OR I FVC -D FEVt -D FEF 50% - D FEF200-1200 -D

Question 326

ABG FOR NORMAL CF PT

Answer 326

PH - ELEVATED PACO2 - DECREASED HC03- - DECREASED PAO2 - DECREASED SAO2/SPO2 - DECREASED

Question 327

ABG OF SEVERE STAGE CF

Answer 327

PH = NORMAL PACO2 - ELEVATED HC03- - ELEVATED PAO2 - DECREASED SAO2/SPO2 - DECREASED

Question 328

HEMODYNAMICS INDICES FOR MODERATE TO SEVRE STAGES CF

Answer 328

CVP - I RAP - I PA - I CO - N SV - N PCWP - N CL - N RVSWI - I LVSWI N PVR -I SVR - N

Question 329

ABNORmal testiung for cf- hematology

Answer 329

increased hct/hgb INCREASED WBC COUNT

Question 330

ABNORMAL TESTING FOR ELECTROLYTES FOR CF

Answer 330

HYPOCHLOREMIA- (CHRONIC VENT FAILURE) INCREASED SERUM BICARBONATE

Question 331

ABNORMAL TESTING SPUTUM FOR CF

Answer 331

GRAM + STAPH AUREAUS HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE GRAM - PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STENTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA BURkholderia cepacia

Question 332

ABNORMAL CHEST RADIOGRAPH FOR CF

Answer 332

TRANSLUCENT (DARK) LUNG FIELDS DEPRESSED OR FLATTENED DIAPHRAGM RIGHT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT MAY SHOW TRAM TRACKS PNEUMOTHORAX (SPONATEOUS) ABCESS FORMATION may show hyperinflation, atelectasis, and bronchiectasis.

Question 333

COMMON NON-RESPIRATORY CLINCAL MANIFESTATIONS FOR CF

Answer 333

DIOS (Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome) MALNUTRITION AND POOR BODY DEVELOPMENT DEF OF VIT A, D, E, AND K NASAL POLYPS AND SINUSITIS INFERTILITY (MALES)

Question 334

GENETIC MANAGEMENT OF CF

Answer 334

THE PRIMARY GOALS ARE TO PREVENT PULM INFECTIOONS AND REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF THICK BRINCHIAL SECRETIONS IMPROVE THE AIR FLOW AND PROVIDE ADEQUEATE NUTRITION

Question 335

RESP CARE TX PROTOCOLS FOR CF

Answer 335

O2 THERAPY AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERAPY LUNG EXPANSION THERAPY AERSOLOZISED MEDS MECH VENT PROTOCOL OTHER MEDICATIONS AND SPECIAL PROCESURES CFTR modulators and supplemental therapies. PATHOGENS AND ABX EXERCISE AND PULM REHAB ANTI INFLAMM THERAPY PREVENTION LUNG TRANSPLANT

Question 336

THERAPY RECOMMENADATIONS FOR CF

Answer 336

BRONCHOPULM HYGIENE (VEST) NIV (IF APPROPRIATE) MECH VENT (IF APPROPRIATE) IS 10X/HR DB&C SURGERY (LUNG TRANSPLANT)

Question 337

PHARM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF ACUTE

Answer 337

ACUTE - BROAD SPECTRUM ABX SABA PRN

Question 338

PHARM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF MANAGEMENT

Answer 338

SABA PRN

Question 339

PHARM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF ASSESS FOR

Answer 339

LABA LAMA ICS INHALED ABX DNA-ASE HYPERTONIC SALINE CFTR CORRECTOR/POTENTIATOR CFTR POTENTIATOR O2 THERAPY PANCREATIC LIPASE IBUPROFREN

Question 340

TEST RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF

Answer 340

PFT ABG (ACUTE AND BASELINE) CXR (ACUTE AND BASELINE) CBC WITH DIFF ELECTROLYET PANEL

Question 341

WHAT ARE DIAGNOSTIC TEST RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF

Answer 341

SWEAT CHLORIDE X2 (GREATER THAN 60MEQ/L MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTING (CFTR 2 MUTATIONS) NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IMMUNOREACTIVE TRYPSIN STOOL FECAL FAT TEST

Question 342

Pneumonia

Answer 342

An inflammatory process primarily affecting the gas exchange area of the lung, often resulting in alveolar consolidation and atelectasis.

Question 343

Etiology (PNEUMONIA)

Answer 343

The study of the cause of a disease, in this case, pneumonia.

Question 344

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Answer 344

Pneumonia acquired from normal social contact, often caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 345

Atypical Pneumonia

Answer 345

Pneumonia that does not present with classic symptoms and is typically caused by pathogens like Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Question 346

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Answer 346

Pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission and was not present at the time of admission.

Question 347

Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 347

A type of pneumonia caused by the inhalation of foreign materials, such as gastric fluids, into the lungs.

Question 348

Mendelson's Syndrome

Answer 348

A condition associated with aspiration of acidic stomach contents, causing tachycardia, dyspnea, and cyanosis.

Question 349

Fungal infections in pneumonia

Answer 349

Infections caused by fungi, such as Histoplasmosis and Coccidioidomycosis, that can lead to pneumonia.

Question 350

Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly Pneumocystis carinii)

Answer 350

A common opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS.

Question 351

Nebulization Therapy

Answer 351

A treatment for pneumonia involving the use of nebulizers to deliver medication directly into the lungs.

Question 352

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

Answer 352

Pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation.

Question 353

Alveolar consolidation

Answer 353

The filling of air spaces in the lungs with fluid, pus, blood, or other material, disrupting normal gas exchange.

Question 354

Diagnosis of pneumonia

Answer 354

Can include chest X-rays, sputum cultures, and blood tests to identify the causative organisms.

Question 355

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 355

A common bacterial pathogen that accounts for more than 80% of all bacterial pneumonias.

Question 356

COPD

Answer 356

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a condition that can increase the risk of severe pneumonia.

Question 357

Lobar pneumonia

Answer 357

A type of pneumonia that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung.

Question 358

Pulmonary Function Tests

Answer 358

Tests that measure lung function and capacity, often with decreased values in pneumonia patients.

Question 359

Chest radiograph findings

Answer 359

X-ray findings in pneumonia patients, which can show consolidation, atelectasis, and pleural effusion.

Question 360

what happens in pneumonia

Answer 360

Structural changes in lung tissues due to pneumonia, including inflammation, consolidation, and impaired gas exchange. the result of an inflammation process that primarily affects the gas exchange

Question 361

ANATOMIC ALTERATIONS OF LUNGS - PNEUMONIA

Answer 361

INFLAMMATION OF THE ALVEOLI ALVEOLI CONSOLIDATION ATELECTSASIS (ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA)

Question 362

PNEUMONIA -ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

Answer 362

PNEUMONIA AND INFLUENZA COMBINED ARE THE 8TH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG AMERICANS

Question 363

IN WHOM IS PNEUMONIA BAD

Answer 363

WHOSE LUNGS ARE ALREADY DAMAGED BY COPD OR ASTHMA OR SMOKING

Question 364

THE RISK OF DEATH FROM PNEUMONIA OR INFLUENZA IS HIGHER AMONG

Answer 364

PEOPLE WITH HEART DISEASE DIABETES OR WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 365

PNEUMONIA IS LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN

Answer 365

CHILDREN

Question 366

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 366

BACTERIA FUNGI VIRUS PROTOZOA PARASITES TB ANAEROBIC ORGANISMS ASPIRATION INHALATION OF IRRITATING CHEMICALS (FOR EX. CHLORINE)

Question 367

COMMON WAYS PNEUMONIA CAUSING AGENTS SPREAD

Answer 367

LAND DIRECTLY ON: MOUTH EYES NOSE LAND DIRECTLY ON NEARBY SRFACES

Question 368

general pneumonia terminology

Answer 368

double pneumonia walking pneumonia

Question 369

pneumonia is named for location such as the

Answer 369

bronchopneumonia lobarpneumonia interstitial pneumonia

Question 370

what is community acquired pneumonia

Answer 370

pneumonia acquired from normal social contact

Question 371

common causes of community acquired pneumonia

Answer 371

streptococcus pneumonaiae staphyloccocal pneumonia haemophilus influenza leginonella pneumophiia mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 372

STREPTOCCOUS PNEUMONAIE ACCOUNTS FOR

Answer 372

80% OF ALL BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

Question 373

STAPHYLOCCOSUS PNEUMONIA IS FROM WHAT BACTERIA

Answer 373

STAPHYOCCOUS AUREUES STEPHYLCOCUS ALBANS STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS

Question 374

COMMON CAUSES OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH LOBAR PNEUMONIA

Answer 374

THE COMMON CAUSE IS MOXAXELLA CATARRHALIS

Question 375

CLINICAL PRESENTATION IS OFTEN SUB ACUTE

Answer 375

PT PRESENTS WITH A VARIETY OF BOTH PULM AND EXTRAPULM FINDINGS MYCOPLASMA ORGANISMS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE CAUSES SIMILAR TO BOTH BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PNEUMONIA A COUGH THAT TENDS TO COME IN VIOLENT ATTACKS PRODUCING ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE MUCUS

Question 376

ATYPICAL REFERS TO WHAT (PNEUMONIA)

Answer 376

THE ORGANISM ESCAPES IDENTIFICATION BY STANARD BACTERIOLOGIC TESTS GENERALLY ONLY A MODERATE AMOUNT OF EXPECTORANT SPUTUM THERE IS AN ABSENCE OF ALVEOLAR CONSOLIDATION THERE IS ONLY A MODERATE ELEVATION OF WBC COUNT THERE IS A LACK OF ALEVEOLAR EXUDATE

Question 377

EXAMPLES OF ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA CAUSES

Answer 377

COXIella burnetii, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumoniae

Question 378

FACTS ABOUT COXIELLA BURNETTI

Answer 378

GRAM NEG BACTERIA CAUSES Q FEVER IN HUMANS

Question 379

VIRUS ACCOUNT FOR

Answer 379

50% OF ALL PNEUMONIAS SEVERAL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A COMMUNITY ACQUIRED ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 380

VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH ATYPICAL PNUEMONIA

Answer 380

RSV PARAINFLUENZA (CHILDREN) - RELATED TO MUMPS, RUBELLA, AND RSV INFLUENZA A AND B - MOST COMMON CAUSES OF VIRAL RESP TRACT INFECTIONS ADENOVIRUS HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS - 2ND MOST COMMON CAUSE OF LOWER RESP INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Question 381

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IS

Answer 381

A TYPE OF PNEUMONIA THAT OCCURS 48 HOURS OR MORE AFTER HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND THAT WAS NOT PRERSENT AT THE TIME OF ADMISSIONA TYPE OF PNEUMONIA THAT OCCURS 48 HOURS OR MORE AFTER HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND THAT WAS NOT PRESENT AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION.

Question 382

MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Answer 382

include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. . MRSA

Question 383

HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA REFERS TO

Answer 383

A PT WHO HAVE RECENTLY BEEN HOSPITALIZED IN AN ACUTE CARE HOSPITAL WITH IN 90 DAYS OF THE INFECTION HAVE BEENRESIDING IN NURSING HOME OR LONG TERM CARE FACILITY AND HAVE RECIEVED PARENTERAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY, CHEMOTHERAPY OR WOUND CARE WITH IN 30 DAYS OF PNEUMONIA

Question 384

vent associated pneumonia is a pneumonia that

Answer 384

a pneumonia of infectious diseases origin that develops more than 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation

Question 385

common infections associated with vent associated pneumonia

Answer 385

include Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species. ENTERBACTER SPECIES S.MALTOPHILIA

Question 386

CAUSES OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 386

result from the inhalation of or aspiration of foreign material, such as food, liquid, or vomit, into the lungs, leading to infection. ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC FLUID OF 2.5 PH OR LESS can also cause significant lung injury and infection.

Question 387

THE MAJOR CAUSE OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA - ASPIRATING ON GASTRIC JUICES IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF

Answer 387

ANAEROBIC LUNG INFECTIONS

Question 388

3 DISTINCTIVE FORMS OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 388

TOXIC INJURY TO THE LUNG OBSTRUCTION BY FORGEIN BODY OR FLUID INFECTIONS

Question 389

WHAT IS THE ISSUE WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 389

COMMONLY MISSED BECAUSE ACUTE INFLAMMATION REACTIONS MAY NOT BEGIN UNTIL SEVERAL HOURS OBSERVED ASPIRATION OF THE GASTRIC FLUID

Question 390

THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA GENERALLY

Answer 390

INCREASES IN SEVERITY 12-26 HOURS AND MAY PROGRESS TO ARDS

Question 391

WHAT IS ARDS

Answer 391

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, a serious condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs, leading to respiratory failure.

Question 392

MENDELSONS SYNDROME

Answer 392

a form of aspiration pneumonia resulting from the inhalation of gastric contents, leading to chemical pneumonitis.

Question 393

SYMPTOMS OF MENDELSONS SYNDROME

Answer 393

TACHYCARDIA DYSPNEA CYANOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH ASPIRATION OF ACID STOMACH CONTENTS USUALLY CONFINED TO ASPIRATIONS PNEUMONITIS IN PREG WOMEN

Question 394

WHAT IS GERD

Answer 394

THE REGULATION OF STOMACH CONTENTS INTO THE ESOPHAGUS

Question 395

GERD IS SEEN 3X MORE IN WHAT PTS

Answer 395

ASTHMA

Question 396

CHRONIC PNEUMONIA IS

Answer 396

TYPICALLY is a localized lesion in pts with a normal immune system with or without regional node involvement commonly seen in pt with tb and fungal diseases of the lungs pts usually have granulomatous inflammation

Question 397

fungal infections - anatomic alterations of the lungs

Answer 397

alveolar consolidation alveolar capill;ary memebrane thickening/destruction caseous tubercles or granulomas cavity formation fibrosis and secondary calcification of the lung parencychema

Question 398

primary pathogens of fungal diseases

Answer 398

histoplasmosis coccidiodmycosis blastomycosis paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 399

facts about hisoplasmosis

Answer 399

most common fungal disease in the us - along river valleys of the midwest found in soil enriched with bird excreta

Question 400

screening and diagnosis for histoplasmosis

Answer 400

fungal culture fungal stain - 100% accurate serology - relatively fast and accfurate test

Question 401

how is histoplasmosis contracted

Answer 401

by inhaling the spores found in contaminated soil or dust.

Question 402

what is coccididmycosis

Answer 402

caused by the inhalation ofCoccidioides immitis spores, often found in dry, arid regions.

Question 403

screning and diagnosis for coccidiodomycosis

Answer 403

made by visaulization of distinctive spherules in microscopy of the pt: sputum tissue exudate biopsies spinal fluid

Question 404

screening and diagnosis for blastomycosis

Answer 404

direct visaulaization of yeast in sputum smears culture of fungal infection

Question 405

cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 405

caused from the high nitrogen content of pigeon droppings

Question 406

aspergillus is found

Answer 406

in decaying vegetation and soil, and its spores are commonly inhaled.

Question 407

Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host

Answer 407

Cytomegalovirus -members of herpes family Pneumocystis jirovecii - seen in pt who are profoundly immunosuppressed Mycobacterium avium complex - a series opportunistic infections that is caused by similar bacteria

Question 408

Cytomegalovirus is common viral pulmonary complications of

Answer 408

aids

Question 409

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an

Answer 409

Fatal form of pneumonia Seen in pt who are profoundly immunocompromised Major pulmonary infection seen in pts with HIV and AIDS

Question 410

Mycobacterium avium complex is caused by what 2 bacteria

Answer 410

Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium intercellulare Found in soil and dust particles

Question 411

Other types of pneumonia impacting immunocompromised pt

Answer 411

Invasive aspergillosis Invasive candiasis Ricketsia Varicella Rubella Severe acute respiratory syndrome Lipoid pneumatic Avian influenza A

Question 412

Lipoid pneumonitis is from

Answer 412

Aspiration of mineral oil

Question 413

What is the mortality rate of varicella pneumonia is

Answer 413

About 20%

Question 414

Where is mycobacterium avium complex found

Answer 414

Found in soil and dust particles

Question 415

What is necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 415

The pneumonia that causes the death of lung tissue cells within the infected pulmonary parenchyma

Question 416

What is the result of necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 416

In lung abscess

Question 417

Major pathological or structural changes in necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 417

Alveolar consolidation Alveolar capillary and bronchial wall destruction Tissue necrosis Alveolar consolidation Alveolar capillary and bronchial wall destruction Tissue necrosis Cavity formation Fibrosis and calcification of the lung parenchychema Bronchial pleural fistula and emphysema Atelectasis Excessive airway secretions

Question 418

What is a common complication of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 418

Lung abscess

Question 419

What are pre disposing factors forming abscess for necrotizing pneumonia include

Answer 419

Alcohol abuse Seizure disorder General anesthesia Head trauma CVA Swallowing disorders

Question 421

What are some of the reasons besides lung abscess associated with necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 421

Bronchial obstruction with secondary infection Vascular obstruction with tissue infraction Interstitial lung disorder with cavity formation Bullae or cyst that become infected Penetrating chest wounds lead to an infection

Question 422

vital signs for pneumonia

Answer 422

chest pain cynanosis decreased lung expansionn cough and sputum production emopytsis

Question 423

pulmonary function test for pneumonia

Answer 423

FVC -D FEV1T -N OR D FEV/FVC RATIO = N OR I FEF25-75 - N OR D FEF 50% N OR D FEF 200-1200 - N OR D FVC -D FEV1T -N OR D FEV/FVC RATIO = N OR I FEF25-75 - N OR D FEF 50% N OR D FEF 200-1200 - N OR D FRC - D TLC - D RV/TLC RATIO - N

Question 424

WHAT TYPE OD DISEASE IS PNEUMONIA RESTRICTIVE OR OBSTRUCTIVE

Answer 424

RESTRICTIVE

Question 425

ABG FOR SEVERE STAGES - PNEUMONA

Answer 425

PH - DECREASED PACO2 - ELEVATED HCO3- - ELEVATED PAO2-DECREASED SPO2/SAO2 -DECREASED

Question 426

ABNORMAL TESTS FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 426

ABNORMAL SPUTUM CHEST RADIOGRAPH (INCREASED DENSITY FROM CONSOLIDATION AND ATEECSTASIS AND INFILTRATES) ABNORMAL BRONCHOGRAM (MAY HAVE AIR OR FLUID FILLED CAVITIES) LUNG ABSCESS PLEURAL EFFUSIONS OR EMPHYSEMA

Question 427

GENRAL MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 427

TH TX OF PNEUMONIA IS BASED ON THE SPECIFIC ETIOLOG OF THE PNEUMONIA THE SEVERITY OF THE SYMPTOMS BY THE PT O2 THERAPY LUNG EXPANISION LUNG EXPANISON THERAPY PROTOCL AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERANCE THORACENTIS

Question 428

DIAGNOSTIC THORACENTIS

Answer 428

COLOR OROR RBC COUNT PROTIEN GLUCOSE LDH AMYLASE PH WRIGHTS, GRAM OR ACID FAST BACILLUS AFB STAIN AEROBOC, ANAAERBOIC, TB, AND FUNGAL CULTURES CYTOLOGY

Question 429

RECOMMENDED THERAPY FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 429

BRINCHIAL HYGIENE DB & C IS 10/HR

Question 430

RECOMMENDED PHARM FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 430

BROAD SPECTRUM ABX SABA PRN IF INDICATED ICS IF INDICATED O2 THERAPY IF INDICATED

Question 431

RECOMMENDED TESTS FOR PNEUMONA

Answer 431

ABG CXR CBC WITH DIF SPUTUM WITH CULTURE AND SENSISTIBTY

Question 432

pneumonia is said to be

Answer 432

PROCESS THAT PRIMARILY AFFECTS THE GAS EXCHANGE AREA OF THE LUNG

Question 433

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMONIA OCCURS IN 4 STAGES

Answer 433

1. STAGE - OCCURS WITH IN 24 HOURS OF AN INFECTION. IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMM BLOOD FLOW TO ALEVOLI INCREASES 2. STAGE 2 - DAYS 2 -3 - CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF RBC, POLY MORPH ONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES INCREASE TO ENGULF INDAING PATHOGENS 3. STAGE 3 - DAYS 4-6 - INCREASED NUMBER OF MACROPHAGES THAT MOVE INTO THE INFECTED AREA TO REMOVE CELLULAR DEBRIS 4. STAGE 4 - DAYS 7-100- CALLED THE RESOLIUTION STAGE. CHARACTERIZED BY THE REABSORPTION OF INFLAMM FLUIDS AND CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF NORMAL AIRWAYS AND ALVEOLI

Question 434

WHEN IS ATELECTSASIS A NORMAL SIDE EFFECT

Answer 434

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Question 435

THE MAJOR PATHOLOGIC OR STRUCTUAL CHANGE ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA ARE AS FOLLOWS

Answer 435

1. INFLAMM OF THE ALVEOLI 2. ALVEOLI CONSOLIDATION 3. ATEECTASIS

Question 436

WHAT DOES PNEUMONIA OFTEN MIMIC

Answer 436

A COMMON COLD

Question 437

SOME BACTERIAL PNEUMONIAS ARE CALLED ATYPICAL BECUASE

Answer 437

THE PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY THESE (MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA, CHLAYMDIOPHILIA PNUEMONIA, AND LEGIONELLA ONEUMONIA) HAVE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS, APPEAR DIIFERENT ON CXR OR RESPOND TO DIFFERENT ABX THAN TYPICAL PNUEMONIA

Question 438

RISK FACTORS FOR ONUEMONIA

Answer 438

OVER 65 Y/O AGE ASPIRATION OFOROPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS VIRAL RESP INFECTIONS CHRONIC ILLNESS CHRONIC RESP DISEASE (COPD, ASTHMA, CF) CANCER ESPECIALLY LUNG CA PROLONGED BED REST TRACHEOSTOMY OR ET TUBE ABDOMINAL OR THORACIC SURGERY RIB FRACTURE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY AIDS

Question 439

HOW IS PNUEMONIA TYPICALLY TRANSMITTED

Answer 439

PERSON TO PERSON THROUGH SMALL AEROLSIZED DROPLETS THAT ARE PRODUCED WHENAN INFECTED PERSON COUGH, SNEEZES, OR TALKS STRONGLY NEAR INFECTED PEOPLE

Question 440

IF INFECTED DROPLETS LAND ON TEXTILES OR FABRICS HOW LONG CAN THEY LIVE

Answer 440

APPROX 26 DAYS ON COTTON APPROX 28 DAYS ON SILK APPROX 30 DAYS ON WOOL

Question 441

HOW IS PNUEMONIA CLASSIFIED

Answer 441

1. THE PATHOGEN RESPONSIBLE 2. THE CLINCAL SETTING THE PNUEMONIA OCCURED

Question 442

WHAT IS DOUBLE ONUEMONIA

Answer 442

BOTH LUNGS INVOLVED

Question 443

WHAT IS WALKING PNEUMONIA

Answer 443

USED TO DESCRIBE A MILD CASE OF PNUEMONIA

Question 444

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA REFERES TO

Answer 444

BY A PATCHY PATTERN PATTERN OF INFECTION THAT IS LIMITED TO TEH SEGEMNETAL BRONCHI AND SURROUNDING LUNG PARENCHYEMA USUALLY INVOLVES BOTH LOBES AND OFTEN SEEN IN LOWER LOBES

Question 445

LOBAR PNEUMONIA REFERS TO

Answer 445

WIDESPREAD OR DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR INFLAMM AND CONSOLIDATION CONTINUED TO ONE OR MORE LOBES OF THE LUNG THE END RESULT OF SEVERE OR LONG TERM BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN WHICH THE INFECTION SPREAD FROM ONE SEGEMNT TO ANOTHER UNTIL THE ENTIRE LOBE IS INVOLVED

Question 446

INTERSTITIAL PNUEMONIA REFERS TO

Answer 446

USUALLY A DIFFUSE AND BILATERAL INFLAMM THAT PRIMARILY INVOLVES THE ALVEOLAR SEPTA AND INTERSTITIAL

Question 447

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNA REFERS TO

Answer 447

PNEUMONIA FROM NORMAL SOCIAL CONTACT

Question 448

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IS

Answer 448

ACCOUNTS FOR 80% OF ALL TEH BACTERIAL PNUEMONIA IS GRAM + IS FOUND IN PARIS (DIPLOCOCCI) USUALLY TRANSMITTED FROM AEROSOL MOST ARE SENISTIVE TO PENICILLIN AND ITS DERIATIVES COMMONLY CULTURED FROM THE SPUTUM OF PATEINTS HAVING AN ACUTE EXACERBATIION OF CHRONIC BRINCHITIS

Question 449

WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

Answer 449

THE COCCI ARE ENCLOSED IN A SMOOTH, POLY SACCHARIDE CAPSULE THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR VIRULENCE

Question 450

STAPHLOCCOSUS HAS 2 MAJORS

Answer 450

1. STAPH AUREUS - RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST STAPH INFECTION 2. STAPH ALBUS/STAPH EPIDERMIDIS - PART OF NORMAL SKIN FLORA

Question 451

STAPHYLOCCOCUS PNEUMONIA ARE

Answer 451

GRAM + BACTERIA FOUND SINGLY, AND IN IRREGULAR CLUSTERS OFTEN FOUND AFTER A PREDISPOSING VIRUS INFECTION AND OFTEN SEEN IN CHILDREN AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSED ADULTS

Question 452

S. AUREUS IS OFTEN TRANSMITTED

Answer 452

BY CONTACT COMMON CAUSE OF HOSIPTAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AND MRSA

Question 453

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE IS

Answer 453

SOMMON HUMAN PHARYNGEAL FLORA ONE OF THE SMALLEST GRAM NEG. BACILLI APPEARS AS COCCOBACILLI THERE ARE 6 TYPES, LABELED A TO F MOST COMMON TYPE IS B -PATHOGENIC OFTEN SEEN IN CHILDREN 1 MONTH TO 6 YEARS OLD ALMOST ALWAYS THE CAUSE OF EPIGLOTITIS TRANSMITTED VIA AEROSOL OR CONTACT

Question 454

WHICH PATEINTS IS H.INFLUENZAE COMMONLY CULTURED

Answer 454

SPUTUM OF PATIENTS HAVING ACUTE EXERABTION OF CHRONIC BRINCHITIS

Question 455

RISK FACTORS FOR H. INFLUENZAE

Answer 455

COPD DEFECTS IN B CELL FUNCTION FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMIC ASPLENIA HIV

Question 456

LEGIONELLA PNUEMONIA IS

Answer 456

GRAM NEG BACILLUS AND ATYPICALL CONCENTRATION OF CERTAIN BRANCHED CHAIN LIPIDS

Question 457

WHEN WAS THE FIRST CASE OF LEGIONELLA PNEUMONIA AND WHAT IS LEGIONAIRES DISEASE

Answer 457

IN JULY 1976 AT AMERICAN LEGION CONF. A SEVERE PNUEMONIA OUTBREAK OCCURED THE CAUSE EXCLUDED IDENTIFICATION FOR MANY MONTHS LEGIONAAIRES DIS - THE PNUEMONIA ASSOC WITH LEGIONIONLA HAVE NOW BEEN TERMED LEGIONAIRES

Question 458

LEGIONELLA PNEUMONIA IS CLASSIFIED BY BOTH

Answer 458

1. BACTERIAL CAUSATIVE AGENT 2. AN ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 459

WHERE DO MOST LEGIONALA PNUEMONIA RESISE

Answer 459

FREE LIVING ON SOIL AND WATER TEHY ACT AS A DECOMPOSER ORGANISMS MULTIPLES IN STANDING WATER SUCH AS CONTAMINATED MUD PUDDLES, ALRGE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND WATER TANKS TRANSMITTED WHENIT BECOMES AIRBORNE AND ENTERES THE PT VOA AEROSOL

Question 460

WHO DOES LEGIONELLA PNUEMONIA MOSTLY IMPACT

Answer 460

MIDDLE AGE MEN WHO SMOKE

Question 461

KLEBISELLA PNUEMONIA IS PART OF WHAT BACTERIAL FAMILY

Answer 461

ENTERBACTERIACAE HE BACILUUS IS NAMED - FRIEDLANDER

Question 462

WHAT IMPACT DOES KLEBISELLA PNEUMONIA NORMALLY HAVE

Answer 462

ASSOC WITH LOCAR PNUEMONIA

Question 463

WHO IS AT RISK FOR KLEBSIELLA PNYEMONIA

Answer 463

MEN OLDER THAN 40 IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS OF BOTH GENDERS

Question 464

WHAT KIND OF BACTERIA IS KLEBISELLA

Answer 464

GRAM NEG BACILLUS FOUND SINGLY, IN PAIRS, OR CHAINS NORMAL INHABITATES IN GI TRACT COOMON HOSPITAL ACQUIRED DISEASE NORMALLY TRANSMITTED VIA ROUTES SUCH AS: CLOTHING, IV ROUTES, AND HEALTH WORKER HANDS

Question 465

HOW IS KLEBISELLA TRANSMITTED

Answer 465

DIRECTLY BY AEROSL OR INDIRECTLY BY CONTACT

Question 466

WHAT IS THE MORTALITY RATE OF KLEBISELLA

Answer 466

VERY HIGH AS SEPTICEMIA IS A FREQUENT COMPLICATION

Question 467

MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS WHAT TYPE OF BACTERIA

Answer 467

GRAM NEG DIPLOCOCCUS COLONIZES TO THE UPPER RESP TRACT COMMONLY IN CHILDREN IF IT OFTEN CUASED CASE OF OTOTIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN AND ASSOCIATED WITH EXACERBATIONS IN ADULTS WITH COPD

Question 468

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IS

Answer 468

HIGHLY MOBILE GRAM NEG BACILLUS OFTEN FOUND IN GI TRACT, BURNS, AND CATHERIZED URINARY TRACT OFTEN CULTURED FROM CHRINICALLY ILL PT AND PT WHO HAVE TRACH LEADING CAUSE OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA THRIVES IN DAMPNESS

Question 469

WHAT ARE RISK FACTORS FOR P. AERUGINOSA

Answer 469

NEUTROPENIA HIV INFECTION PRE-EXITING LUNG DISEASE ET TUBE PREVIOUS ABX USE

Question 470

HOW IS P. AERUGINOSA TRANSMITTED

Answer 470

AEROSOL OR BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH FRESHLY CONTAMINATED ARTICLES

Question 471

WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF P. AERUGINOSA

Answer 471

VERY MUCOID COLONIAL FORM

Question 472

WHAT DOES THE SPUTUM LOOK LIKE IN PT WITH P. AERUGINOSA

Answer 472

GREEN AND SWEET SMELLINH

Question 473

COMMON CAUSES OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRES ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA ARE

Answer 473

1. MYCOPLASM BACTERIA 2.COXIELLA BURNETTI 3. CHALMYDOPHILA SPP. 4. RSV 5. PARAINFLEUENZA 6. INFLUENZA A AND B 7. ADENOVIRUS 8. HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS

Question 474

WHAT DOES THE MYCOPLASMA BACTERIA LOOK LIKE

Answer 474

TINY CELL WALL CELL WALL DEFICIENT SMALLER THAN BACTERIA BUT LARGER THAN VIRUSES

Question 475

THE PNUEMONIA CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA ORGANISM IS OFTEN DESCRIBED AS

Answer 475

PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA THE AYTPICAL REFERS TO: 1. THE ORGANISM ESCAPES IDENTIFICATION 2. GENERALLY ONLY A MODERATE AMOUNT 3. THERE IS AN ABSENCE OF ALVEOLAR CONSOLIDATION 4. ONLY A MODERATE ELEVATION OF WBC COUNT 5. A LACK OF ALVEOLAR EXUDATE

Question 476

HOW ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MYCOPLASMA ORG

Answer 476

SIMILAR TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PNEUMONIA BUT MORE GRADUAL AND OFTEN MILDER COUGH THAT COMES IN VIOLENT ATTACKS IS COMMON SIGN PRODUCING ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE MCUCUS OFTEN SEEN IN PEOPLE WHO CONGREGATE OFTEN SAID IN PT THAT HAVE BEEN DX - AS WALKING PNEUMONIA

Question 477

COXIELLA BURNETTI IS WHAT TYPE OF BACTERIA

Answer 477

GRAM NEG THAT CAUSES Q FEVER IN HUMANS MORE RESISTANT THAN OTHER RICKETSISAE PASSED VIA AEROSOL TO PERSON TO PERSON ACUTE PNUEMONIA AND CHRONIC ENDOCARDITIS ARE ALSO ASSCO WITH THIS SPECIES

Question 478

CHLAMYDOPHILIA SPP IS FOUND WHERE NORMALLY

Answer 478

IN CERVIX, URETHRA RECTUM THROAT AND RESP TRACT FOUND IN THE FECES OF BIRDS

Question 479

VIRUSES ACCOUNT FOR WHAT % OF ALL ONEUMONIAS

Answer 479

50% AND ARE ASSOC WITH A COMMUNITY ACQUIRED AATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 480

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF VIRAL PNEUMONIA

Answer 480

FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS UNPRODUCTIVE COUGH HEADACHE FEVER MUSCLE PAIN FATIGUE AS DISEASE PROGRESSES, PT MAY BECOME SHORT OF BREATH COUGH AND PRODUCE A SMALL AMOUNT OF CLEAR OR WHITE SPUTUM

Question 481

WHAT POTENTIAL RISK DOES VIRAL PNEUMONIA CARRY

Answer 481

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SECONDARY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

Question 482

HOW DO VIRUSES EXIST

Answer 482

THEY ARE PARASITIC AND DEPEND ON NUTRIENTS INSIDE THE CELL FOR THEIR METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE NEEDS

Question 483

WHAT % OF ACUTE RESP TRACT INFECTIONS ARE CAUSED BY VIRUSES

Answer 483

0.9

Question 484

WHAT OTHER DISEASE BELONG TO THE RSV GROUP

Answer 484

PARAINFLUENZA MUMPS RUBELLA

Question 485

WHO DOES RSV MOSTLY IMPACT

Answer 485

CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 12 MONTHS AND OLDER ADULTS WITH UNDERLYING HEART OR PULM DISEASE

Question 486

HOW IS RSV TRANSMITTED

Answer 486

AEROSOL ROUTE AND BY DIRECT CONTACT

Question 487

THERE ARE 5 TYPES OF PARAMYXOINFLUENZA GROUP (AND RELATED TO MUMPS, RUBELLA AND RSV)

Answer 487

TYPES 1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b TYPES 1,2, AND 3 - ARE MAJOR CAUSES OF INFECTION IN HUMANS TYPE 1 IS CROUP TYPE 2-3 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SEV INFECTION TYPES 1 -2 SEEN IN FALL AND LATE SPRING TRANSMITTED BY AEROSOL DROPLET AND DIRECT CONTACT

Question 488

PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR ABILITY TO

Answer 488

SPREAD RAPIDLY

Question 489

INFLUENZA A AND B

Answer 489

MOST COMMON CAUSES OF RESP TRACT INFECTIONS AND OCCUR IN EPIDEMIC IN WINTER MOST AT RISK CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS HABVE INCUBATION PERIOD OF 1-3 DAYS

Question 490

HOW DO INFLUENZA A AND B SUSVIVE

Answer 490

IN CONDITIONS OF LOW TEMP AND LOW HUMIDITY

Question 491

ADENOVIRUS SEROTYPE 7

Answer 491

HAS BEEN RELATED TO FATAL CASES OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

Question 492

HOW IS ADENOVIRUS TRANSMITTED

Answer 492

AEROSOL

Question 493

WHEN IS THE ADENOVIRUS MOST PREVALENT

Answer 493

FALL WINTER SPRING

Question 494

HUMAN METPNEUMOVIRUS

Answer 494

NEG SINGLE STRAND RNA VRIUS ASSOC WITH A FAMILY OF VIRUSES THAT ASLO CAUS RSV AND PARAINFLEUNZA VIRUS TYPICALLY OCCURS IN YOUNG CHILDREN IS THE SECOND COMMON CAUSE OF LOWER RESP TRACT INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CHILDREM

Question 495

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNUEMONIA IS DEFINED AS

Answer 495

PNEUMONIA THAT OCCURS 48 HOURS OR MORE AFTER HOSPITAK ADMISSION AND THAT WAS NOT PRESENT AT TIME OF ADMISSION

Question 496

WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENTS ASSOC WITH HOSPITAL ASSOC PNEUMONIA

Answer 496

P.AERGUNIOSA MRSA METHICILLIN SENSISTIVE S.AUREUS ENTERBACTER SPP. KLEBESILLA PNEUMONIA ESCHERIA COLI SERRATIA MARCESCENS PROTEUS SPP. ACINBACTER SPP

Question 497

THE PATIENT THAT DEVELOPS PNEUMONIA BETWEEN 4-7 DAYS AFTER OF HOSPITALIZATION, THE MOST COMMON PATHOGENS ARE

Answer 497

MRSA S. PNEUMONIOIAE H. INFLEUNZAE

Question 498

IN PT HOSPITALIZED LONGER THAN 7 DAYS, WHICH PATHOGENS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 498

P. AERUGINOSA MRSA ENTERIC GRAM NEG ORGANISMS

Question 499

WHAT IS HOSPITAP CARE ASSOCIATED PNUEMONIA

Answer 499

REFERES TO PT WHO HAVE BEEN HOSPITALIZED IN AN ACUTE CARE HOSPITAL WITHIN 90 DAYS OF AN INFECTION WHO RESIDE IN A NUSRING HOME OR LTCF WHO HAVE RECIEVED PARENTERAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY CHEMO THERPY OR WOUND CARE WITHIN 30 DAYS OF PNEUMONIA

Question 500

WHAT ARE COMMON PATHGOGENS OF HEALTH CARE ASSOC PNEUMONIA

Answer 500

COMMON PATHOEGNS INCLUDE MIXED AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC MOUTH FLORA S.AUREUS ENTERIC GRAM NEG BACILLUS INFLUENZA M. TUBERCULOSIS

Question 501

WHAT IS VENTILATO ASSOC PENUMONIA

Answer 501

CAN BE CATERGORIZE DAS A NOSCOSMIAL INFECTION DEFINED AS A PNEUMONIA THAT DEVELOPS MORE THAN 48 TO 72 HOURS AFTER ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION

Question 502

WHAT PATHOGENS ARE ASSOC WITH VAP

Answer 502

P.AERUGINOSA ENTERBACTER KLEBISELLA ACINTEROBACTER SPP. STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA S. AUREUS

Question 503

COMMON PATHOGENS ASSOC WITH ASPIRATION PENUMONIA ARE

Answer 503

INCLUDE ANAAEROBIC ORAL FLORA PEPTOSTREPTOCOCUS PEPTOCOCCI BACTERIODES FRAGILIS PREVOTELLA MELANINGENICA FUSOBACTERIUM SPP AEROIB BACTERIA KLEBISELLA STAPHYLOCOCCUS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Question 504

ASPIRATION PNUEMONI OCCURS BECUASE

Answer 504

ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC FLUID, IT HAS A PH OF 2.5 OR LESS CNA CAUSE A SERIOUS AND FATAL FORM OF PNUEMONIA

Question 505

ASPIRATING GASTRIC FLUIDS IS MAJOR CAUSE OF

Answer 505

ANAEROBIC LUNG INFECTIONS

Question 506

WHY IS ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA COMMONLY MISSED

Answer 506

BECAUSE ACUTE INFLAMM REACTION MAY NOT BEGIN UNTIL SEVERAL HOURS AFTER OBSERVED ASPIRATION OF THE GASTRIC FLUID

Question 507

WHAT IS THE COMPLICATION WHICH CAN ARISE FROM ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 507

ARDS THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION GENERALLY INCREASES SEVERITY FOR 12-26 HOURS AND MAY PROGRESS TO ARDS WHICH MAY INCLUDE INTRAALVEOLAR EDEMA INTRALVEOLAR HYALINE MEMBRANE FORMATION ATELECTATSIS

Question 508

WHAT IS MENDELSON SYNDORME

Answer 508

DESCRIBED AS THE TACHYCARDIA, DYSPNEA, AND CYANOSIS ASSOCI WITH ASPIRATION USUALLY CONFINED TO ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA IN PREG WOMEN

Question 509

HOW IS APRIRATION PNEUMONIA DEFINED

Answer 509

PULMONARY RESULT OF THE ENTRY OF MATERIAL FROM THE STOMACH OR UPPER RESP TRACT INTO THE LOWER AIRWAYS

Question 510

3 DIDTSINCTIVE FORMS

Answer 510

1. TOXIC INJURY TO THE LUNG (CUASED BY GASTRIC JUICES) 2. OBSTRUCTION (FORGEIN BODY OR FLUID) 3. INFECTION

Question 511

THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS AND THE ASPIRATION OF FOOD

Answer 511

ASPIRIARTION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS CAUSES INTIAL HYPOXEMIA REGARDLESS OF THE PH LEVEL OF THE ASPIRATE IF THE PH OF APSIRATE IS HIGH THE INTIAL INJURY IS REVERSIBLE OF THE PH OF THE ASPIRATE IS LOW THEN PARENCHYEMA DAMAGE MAY OCCUR WITH INFLAMM, EDMEA AND HEMORRHAGE

Question 512

SIX CRANIAL NERVES WHICH CARRY MOTOR SIGNALS GENERATED BY CERBERAL AND BRAIN STEM ARE

Answer 512

V -TRIGEMINAL VII - FACIAL IX - GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL X -VAGUS XI - SPINAL ACCESORY XII HYPOGLOSSAL

Question 513

DYSPHAGIA

Answer 513

THE RESULT OF AN ABNORMAL SWALLOW THAT CAN INVOLVE THE ORAL, PHARYNHEAL AND ESOPHAGEAL PHASES

Question 514

WHAT TEST IS DONE TO TEST FOR DYSPHAGIA

Answer 514

EVANS BLUE DYE TEST

Question 515

WHAT ARE THE NIRMAL SWALLOWING MECHANICS

Answer 515

1. ORAL PREP 2. ORAL 3. PHARYNGEAL 4. ESOPHEGEAL

Question 516

TX OF DYSPHAGIA

Answer 516

IS SPECIFIC TO THE NATURE OF THE DISORDER VARIED METHODS OF PRESENTATION OF FOODS AND LIQUIDS, BLOUS VOLUMES AND CONSISTENCY, PSOTURAL MOVEMENTS AND FOOD TEMP CAN AFFECT THE DYNAMICS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RESP AND SWALLOING

Question 517

WHAT IS SILENT ASPIRATION

Answer 517

DEFINED AS THE ASPIRATION THAT DOES NOT EVOKE CLINICALLY OBSERVABLE ADVERSE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS: COUGHING ABD IMMEDIATE RESP DISTRESS

Question 518

PT WITH TRACH ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR

Answer 518

SILENT ASPIRATION 55% TO 70% OF INTUBATED OF TRACH PT ASPIRATE

Question 519

GRANULOMONAS ARE ASSOC

Answer 519

CHRONIC PENUMONIA AND FUNGAL DISEASE OF THE LUNG

Question 520

BECAUSE FUNGI ARE _________ THE LUNGS ARE A PRIME LOCATION FOR FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Answer 520

AEROBES

Question 521

HOW DOES FUNGI MAKE US SICK

Answer 521

WHEN SPORES INHALED THEY REACH THE LUNGS AND GERMINATE THEN THIS HAPPENS THE SPORES PROCUDE A FROTHY YEASTLIKE SUBSTANCE THAT LEADS TO AN INFLAMM RESPONSE

Question 522

FUNGAL DISEASES OF THE LUNG CAUSE A CHRONIC __________ PULM DISORER

Answer 522

restrictive

Question 523

when h.capsilulatum reaches the alveoli what happens

Answer 523

AT BODY TEMP, IT CONVERTS FROM ITS MYCELIAL FORM (MOLD) TO A PARASITIC YEAST FORM

Question 524

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HISTOPLASMOSIS

Answer 524

ARE SIMILAR TO TB THE INCUBATION PERIOD IS ONLY 17 DAYS

Question 525

WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF HSITOPLASMOSIS

Answer 525

1. ASYMPOTMATIC 2. ACUTE SYMPOTOMATIC PULM HISTOPLASMOSIS 3. CHRONIC SYMPTOMPMATIC PULM HISTOPLASMOSIS 4. DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS

Question 526

WHAT IS COCCIDIOMYCOSIS CAUSED FROM

Answer 526

INHALATION OF SPORES OF COCCIDIES INMITITIS WHICH IS SPHERICAL FUNGI CARRIED BY WINDBLOWN DUST PARTICLES ENDEMIC IN HOT REGIONS

Question 527

BLASTOMYCOSIS

Answer 527

OCCURS IN 1 (OR 2) OUT OF EVERY 100,000 PEOPLE CAUSED BY B. DERMATIDIIS MOST COMMON IN PREG WOMEN AND MIDDLE AGED AFRICAN MEN PRIMARY PORTAL OF ENTRY OS THE LUNGS

Question 528

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

Answer 528

CANDIDIS ALBICANS CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMATUS ASPERGILLUS

Question 529

ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLUS IS A FORM OF

Answer 529

ASTHMA

Question 530

WHO IS CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANOUS USSUALLY SEEN

Answer 530

PTS WITH HIV

Question 531

ONEUMOCYITIS ORGANISM IS WHAT TYPE OF ORGANISM

Answer 531

PROTOZOAN AND MORE RELATED TO FUNGI

Question 532

LIPOID PNEUMOCYITIS

Answer 532

CAN DEVELOP IN THE LUNGS WHEN LIPIDS ENTER THE TRACHEAL BRONCHIAL TREE COMMON CAUSES INCLUDE EXOGENOUS SOURCES SUCH AS: INHLAED NOSE DROPS WITH AN OIL BASE OR THE ACCIDENTAL INHALATION OF COSMETIC OIL THE SEVERITY OF THE ONEUMONIA DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF OIL ASPIRATED

Question 533

WHEN MINERAL OIL IS ASPIRATED IN AEROSOL FORM

Answer 533

AN INTENSE PULM TISSUE REACTION OCCURS

Question 534

WHAT IS THE RESOSONANCE DULL OR LOUD (HYPER)

Answer 534

DULL

Question 536

what are pharmacological recommendations for cold per GOLD 2025

Answer 536

bronchodilators (laba, lama) ics if symptoms persist, then escalate LABA/LAMA OR LABA-ICS COMBO INTRODUCTION OF NEW THERAPIES SUCH AS : ENSIFENTRINE DUPILUMAB

Question 537

WHAT ARE SURGICAL RECOMMENDATION FOR COPD PER GOLD 2025

Answer 537

LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION THERAPY BRONCHOSCOPIC LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION (I.E ENDOBRONCHIAL COILS OR ENDOBRONCHIAL VALVES) BULLECTOMY LUNG TRANSPLANATAION

Question 538

WHAT ARE THERAPY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COPD PER GOLD 2025

Answer 538

SMOKING CESSATION VACCINATIONS PULM REHAB PHARM TX BRONCHODILATORS ICS ENSIFENTRINE LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY BRONCHOSCOPIC LUNG VOL REDUCTION O2 THERAPY

Question 539

WHAT ARE THE NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COPD PER GOLD 2025

Answer 539

CHOOSE COMPLEX CARBS ADEQUEATE AMOUNT OF PROTIENS OPT FOR HEALTHY FATS ENSURE VITAMINS AND MINERALS (D, C, AND E AND POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM) LIMIT PORCESSED FOODS INCREASE HYDRATIONS

Question 540

WHAT TESTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COPD PER GOLD 2025

Answer 540

SPIROMETRY (PRE/POST BRONCHODILATOR) LOW DOSE CT CARDIOVASCULAR EVAL PULM HYPERTENSION SCREENING

Question 541

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FREQUENCIES PER GOLD 2025 FOR COPD

Answer 541

EXACERBATION SYMPTOM MEDICATION USE 02 THERAPY

Question 542

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESCUE OR RELIVER FOR COPD

Answer 542

USED INTERCHANGEABLY THESE MEDICATIONS ARE TYPICALLY SHORT ACTING THAT WORK QUICKLY TO RELAX THE MUSCLES AROUND THE AIRWAYS

Question 543

PRN MEDICATIONS PER GOLD 2025 FOR COPD

Answer 543

GROUP A - LOW SYMPTOMS/LOW EXACERBATION GROUP B - HIGH SYMPTOMS/LOW EXACERBATION GROUP E - HIGH EXACERBATION

Question 544

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAINTENANCE MEDS AND RESCUE/RELIEVER

Answer 544

MAINTENANCE - SCHEDULED TIME USE//DAILY AND REGULAR BASIS RESCUE/RELIEVER - AS NEEDED/PRN//FOR IMMEDIATE SYMPTOMS

Question 545

WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Answer 545

LABA LAMA ICS

Question 546

WHAT DO THE ABBREVIATIONS MEAN QD BID TID QID Q6H

Answer 546

QD - EVERY DAY BID - 2X A DAY TID - 3X A DAY QID - 4X A DAY Q6H - EVERY 6 HOURS

Question 547

HOW DOES A ABG LOOK LIKE FOR COPD PT

Answer 547

PH - ACIDOIC PACO2 - ELEVATED PA02 - LOWER HC03- ELEVATED

Question 548

HOW DOES A PFT LOOK LIKE FOR COPD PT

Answer 548

FVC -DECREASED FEV1 - DECREASED FEV1/FVC RATIO - DECREASED PEF - DECREASED PEF 50% - DECREASED PEF200-1200 -DECREASED TIDAL VOL -NORMAL OR INCREASED IPV - NORMAL OR DECREASED ERV - NORMAL OR DECREASED RV - NORMAL OR INACREASED VC -DECREASED IC - NORMAL OR DECREASED FRC - INCREASED TLC - NORMAL OR INCREASED RV/TLC RATIO NORMAL OR INCREASED

Question 549

WHAT THERAPIES ARE USED TO ASSESS FOR IN ACUTE COPD EXACERBATION

Answer 549

SHORT ACTING BRONCHODILATORS (SABA FIRST LINE THERAPY) SAMA - IPATROPIUM (ATROVENT) COMBINATION THERAPY SABA + SAMA USED FOR BETTER SYMPTOM RELIEF AND INCREASED EFFECTIVENESS SYSTEMIC STEROIDS (ORAL OR IV) ABX - IF EXACERBATION IS LIKELY DUE TO A BACTERIAL INFECTION, PARTICULARLY IN PT WITH INCREASED SPUTUM PURULENCE OR WORSENG OF BASELINE SYMPTOMS O2 THERAPY - GOAL SPO2 88-92% EVALUATE FOR NIV ASSESS FOR MECH VENT

Question 550

HOW DOES A CHEST XRAY LOOK LIKE FOR A COPD PT

Answer 550

COMMON FINDINGS TRANSLUCENT (DARK) LUNG FIELDS DEPRESSED OR FLATTENED DIAPHRAGM LONG AND NARROW HEART (PULLED DOWNWARD BY DIAPHRAGM) INCREASED RETROSTERNAL OR SPACE (LATERAL RADIOGRAPH)

Question 551

WHAT LABORATORY TESTS ARE DONE FOR

Answer 551

HCT/HGB - POLYCYTHERMIA ELECTROLYTES (EARLY AND LATE STAGES) - HYPOCHLOREMIA HYPERNATREMIA (NA+) SPUTUM EXAM - SPRETOCOCUS PNEUMONAIE HEAMOPHILLUS INFLUENZAE MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS

Question 552

BREATH SOUNDS FOR COPD PT

Answer 552

WHEEZE OFTEN SEEN EXPIRATION DECREASED BREATH SOUNDS - DUE TO HYPERINFLATION AND AIR TRAPPING CRACKLES OR RALES IN PT WITH CONSISTENT PULM INFECTIONS

Question 553

WHAT IS A PINK PUFFER

Answer 553

A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE AN EMPHYSEMA OR COPD PT PT HAVE BARREL CHEST DUE TO HYPERINFLATION PUFFER REFERS TO THE FACT THESE PT ARE PURSED LIPPED PT OFTEN REFERS TO THE FACT THE PT APPEARS WELL OXYGENATION (PINK SKIN TONE)

Question 554

WHAT IS A BLUE BLOATER

Answer 554

A TERM USED TO DECSRIBE COPD PT WITH PREDOMINATELY CHRONIC BRONCHITIS THESE PT TEND TO HAVE A CHRONIC COUGH, SPUTUM PORDUCTION AND CYANOSIS DUE TO SEVERE HYPOXEMIA MAY DEVELOP RIGHT HEART FAILURE DUE TO LONG TERM PULM HYPERTENSION FROM HYPOXEMIA

Question 555

HOW DOES THE BP LOOK FOR COPD PT

Answer 555

PULSE PRESSURE CAN BE WIDENED WHICH MAY INDICATE CARDIOVASCULAR STRAIN ELEVATED SYSTOLIC BP

Question 556

WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF EMPHYSEMA

Answer 556

1. PANACINAR - ABNORMAL WEAKENING AND ENLARGEMENT OF ALL ALVEOLI DISTAL TO THE TERMINOLE BROCHIOLES 2. CENTRIACINAR - INVOLVE THE RESP BRONCHIOLES IN THE PROXIMAL (CENTRAL) PORTION OF THE ACINUS

Question 557

MAJOR PATHOLOGIC OR STRUCTURAL CHANGES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 557

1. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND THICKENING OF THE WALLS OF THE PERIPHERAL AIRWAYS 2. EXCESSIVE MUCUS PRODUCTION AND ACCUMULATION

Question 558

WHAT IS CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 558

THE PRESENCE OF A COUGH AND SPUTUM PRODUCTION FOR 3 MONTHS IN EACH CONSECUTEIVE YEARS, REMAIN A CLINICALLY AND EPIDEMICOLOGICALLY USEFUL BUT IT IS PRESENT IN A MINORITY OF SUBJECTS

Question 559

WHAT IS EMPHYSEMA

Answer 559

CHARACTERIZED BY A WEAKENING AND PERSISTENT ENLARGEMENT OF THE AIR SPACES DISTAL TO THE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES AND BY THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ALVEOLI WALLS

Question 560

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE DISTAL AIRWAYS IN EMPHYSEMA

Answer 560

WEAKENED HAVE MUCUS BUILD UP AND TEND TO COLLAPSE DURING EXPIRATION IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED INTRAPLEURAL PRESSURE

Question 561

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR COPD

Answer 561

GENETIC FACTORS - ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN DEF AGE AND GENDER - AS A PERSON AGES THE RISK INCREASES GREATER AMONG MEN LUNG GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - ISSUES DURING GESTATION AND CHILDHOOD HAS POTENTIAL TO IMPACT FOR COPD EXPOSURE TO PARTICLES: TOBACCO OCCUPTAIONAL EXPOSURE INDOOR/OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION SOCIOECONIMIC STATUS - POVERTY IS A CLEARLY A RISK FACTOR FOR COPD BRONCHIAL/ASTHMA HYPERSENSITIVITY CHRONIC BRONCHITIS RESP INFECTIONS DYSPANAPSIS

Question 562

WHAT IS DYSPANPSIS

Answer 562

HAS BEEN INTRODUCED TO REFER TO A MISMATCH BETWEEN THE NORMAL CALIBER OF TEH AIRWAYS AND THE LUNG PARENCHYCHEMA CAPACITY

Question 563

WHAT TEST IS REQUIRED TO DX COPD

Answer 563

SPIROMETRY SHOWING A POST BRONCHIDILATOR FEV1/FVC OF LESS THAN 0.7

Question 564

WHAT 3 MAIN SPIROMETRY TESTS ARE USED TO MEASURE THE SEVERITY OF AIRFLOW LIMITATION

Answer 564

FVC FEV1 FEV1/FVC RATIO

Question 565

WHAT ARE THE QUESTIONANIRES USED TO ASSESS SYMPTOMS

Answer 565

mMRC BREATHLESSNESS SCALE COPD ASSESSMENT TEST

Question 566

ATS DEFINITION OF PT WITH COPD

Answer 566

BRONCHITIS - BASED ON MAJOR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE EMPHYSEMA - IS BASED ON PATHOLOGY

Question 567

PT WITH COPD WHAT IS NORMALLY PRESENT

Answer 567

BRONCHITIS AND EMPHYSEMA

Question 568

ANATOMIC ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BRONCHIATITS

Answer 568

CHRONIC INFLAMM ABD THICKENING OF THE WALL OF THE PERIPHERAL AIRWAYS EXCESSIVE MUCUS PRODUCTION AND ACCUMULATION PARTIAL OR TOTAL MUCUS PLUGGING SMOOTH MUSCLE CONSTRICTION OF THE BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS AIR TRAPPING AND HYPERINFLATION OF ALVEOLI

Question 569

ANATOMIC ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EMPHYSEMA

Answer 569

PERSISTENT ENLARGEMENT AND DESTRUCTION OF THE AIR SPACES DISTAL TO THE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES DESTRUCTION OF ALVEOLAR CAP MEMBRANE WEAKENING OF THE DISTAL AIRWAYS, PRIMARILY THE RESP BRONCHIOLES AIR TRAPPING AND HYPERINFLATION

Question 570

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COPD

Answer 570

ESTIMATED BETWEEN 10-15 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE US STATES EITHER HAVE CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, EMPHYSEMA, OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH

Question 571

RISK FACTORS ACCORDING TO GOLD

Answer 571

GENETIC PRE-DISPOSITION AGE AND GENDER CONDITIONS THAT AFFECTS NORMAL LUNG GROWTH EXPOSURE TO PARTICLES SOCIOECONIMIC STATUS ASTHMA/BRONCHIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY CHRONIC BRONCHITIS RESP INFECTIONS TB

Question 572

KEY INDICATORS FOR CONDISERING COPD IN PT OVER 40

Answer 572

DYSPNEA CHRONIC COUGH CHRONIC SPUTUM HX OF EXPOSURE TO RISK FACTORS FAMILY HX OF COPD

Question 573

GOLD RECOMMENDS COMBINING ALL THE ABOVE ASSESSMENTS TO DETERMINE COPD

Answer 573

SYMPTOM ASSESMENT AIR FLOW LIMITATION ASSESMENT RISK OF EXACERBATION ASSESSMENT

Question 574

ADDITIONAL SCREENING TOOLS TO DX COPD

Answer 574

BODE INDEX CHEXT RADIOGRAPHS CT OF CHEST LUNG VOL AND DIFFUSING CAPACITY OXIMETRY AND ABG ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN DEF SCREENING EXERCISE TESTING

Question 575

INSPECTION SIGNS FOR COPD

Answer 575

PURSED LIP BREATHING COUGH MUCUS PRODUCTION

Question 576

HOW DOES THE PALPATION OF THE CHEST IN EMPHYSEMA

Answer 576

DECREASED TACTILE FREMITUS DECREASED CHEST EXPANSION PMI SHIFTS TO THE EPIGASTRIC AREA

Question 577

HOW DOES THE PALPATION OF THE CHEST IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 577

NORMAL

Question 578

HOW IS THE PERCUSSION OF THE CHEST IN EMPHYSEMA

Answer 578

HYPERRESONANCE DECREASED DIAPHTAGMATIC EXCURSION

Question 579

HOW IS THE PERCUSIION OF THE CHEST CHRINIC BRIONCHITIS

Answer 579

NORMAL

Question 580

HOW IS THE AUSCULATAION OF THE CHEST FOR EMPHYSEMA

Answer 580

DIMINISHED BREATH SOUNDS PROLONGED EXPIRATION DIMINISHED HEART SOUNDS

Question 581

HOW IS AUSCULTATION OF THE CHEST FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 581

CRACKLES WHEEZE

Question 582

WHAT IS A TELL TALE SIGN OF EMPHYSEMA

Answer 582

DECREASED DLCO

Question 583

WHAT ARE 2 DANGEROUS ABG SITUATIONS FOR EMPYSEMA AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 583

1.ACUTE ALVEOLAR HYPERINFLATION SUPERIMPOSED ON A CHRONIC VENTILATIORY FAILURE 2. ACUTE VENTILATORY FAILURE (ACUTE HYPOVENTILATION)SUPERIMPOSED ON CHRONIC VENTILATORY FAILURE

Question 584

HOW DOES HCT/HGB LOOK LIKE IN CHRONIC BRINCHITIS

Answer 584

POLYCYTHEMIA

Question 585

HOW DOES ELECTROLYTES LOOK LIKE CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 585

HYPOCHLOREMEIA HYPERNATREMIA (NA+)

Question 586

HOW IS SPUTUM IN EMPHYSEMA

Answer 586

NORMAL

Question 587

HOW IS SPUTUM IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 587

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE HAEMOPHILUS INFUENZAE MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS

Question 588

HOW DOES A BRONCHOGRAM LOOK LIKE FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 588

SMALL SPIKELIKE PROTRUSIONS

Question 589

HOW DOES CHEST RADIOGRAPH LOOK LIKE FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 589

LUNGS MAY BE CLEAR IF ONLY IN LARGE BRONCHIOLES OCCASSIONALLY TRANSLUCENT DEPRESSED OR FLATTENED DIAPHRAGM

Question 590

HOW DOES THE MANAGEMENT OF STABLE COPD LOOK LIKE

Answer 590

REDUCE EXPOSURE TO RISK FACTORS PHARMALOGIC TX NON PHARMOLOGIC TX

Question 591

WHAT ARE THE COPD GRADES BASED ON SEVERITY OF AIRFLOW

Answer 591

GARDE 1 - MILD = FEV1 GREATER OR EQUAL TO 80% GRADE 2 - MODERATE = FEV1 50% LESS THAN 80% GRADE 3 - SEVERE = 30% LESS THAN 50% THAN PREDICTED GRADE 4 - VERY SEVERE = FEV 1 LESS THAN 30%

Question 592

TX FOR GRADE 1 COPD

Answer 592

LABA + LAMA GROUP A - A BRONCHODILATOR GROUP B - LABA/LAMA

Question 593

WHAT IS THE PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT OF COPD

Answer 593

GROUP A - SABA/LABA PRN GROUP B - LABA-LAMA MAINTENANCE SABA PRN GROUP E - LABA-LAMA (ASSESS FOR ICS) MAINTENANCE SABA PRN

Question 594

cystic fibrosis

Answer 594

FATAL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION AND ACCUMULATION OF THE THICK MUCUS IN THE TRACHEOBROCHIAL TREE

Question 595

CFTR

Answer 595

CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMEBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR A GENE THAT, WHEN MUTATED, LEADS TO CF

Question 596

BROCNHIAL OBSTRUCTION

Answer 596

A CONDITION WHERE BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS ARE BLOCKED WHICH CAN BE CAUSED BY MUCUS PLUGGING

Question 597

ATELECTASIS

Answer 597

PARTIAL OR COMPLETE COLLAPSE OF THE LUNG OFTEN DUE TO BLOCKAGE OF THE AIR PASSAGES

Question 598

MUCUS PLUGGING

Answer 598

ACCUMULATION OF THICK MUCUS IN THE AIRWAYS THAT OBSTRUCT AIRFLOW

Question 599

SWEAT TEST

Answer 599

A DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR CF THAT MEAUSRES THE AMOUNT OF SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN SWEAT

Question 600

ELEVATED SWEAT CHLORIDE

Answer 600

SWEAT CHLORIDE LEVELS GREATER THAN 60 MEQ/L ON TWO OCCSAIONS INIDCATE A DX OF CF

Question 601

GENETIC COUNSELING

Answer 601

A PROCESS TO INFORM AND SUPPORT INDIVIDUALS REGARDING GENETIC ASPECTS OF CF INCLUDING RISKS AND INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Question 602

PFT

Answer 602

TESTS THAT MEASURE LUNG FUNCTION AND CAPACITY OFTEN INDICATING THE SEVERITY OF CF

Question 603

SYMPTOMS OF CF

Answer 603

Chronic cough, wheezing, sputum production, frequent respiratory infections, and failure to thrive.

Question 604

Hematologic outcomes in CF

Answer 604

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, often in response to chronic hypoxia.

Question 605

Nasal potential difference (NPD)

Answer 605

A measurement that assesses the transport of sodium and chloride across epithelial cell linings, indicative of CFTR function.

Question 606

Pre-natal testing for CF

Answer 606

Screening for CF mutations in pregnant women to assess the risk of having a child with CF.

Question 607

anatomic alterations of the lungs -cf

Answer 607

EXCESSIVE RODUCTION AND ACCULULATIONOF THICK TENACIOUS MUCUS IN THE TTRACHEA-BRONCHIAL TREE PARTIAL BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION (MUCUS PLUGGING) HYPERINFLATION OF ALVEOLI TOTAL BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION (MUCUS PLUGGING) ATELECTASIS

Question 608

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CF

Answer 608

AL GENE DISORDER CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN APAIR OF GENES LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME 7 OVER 1700 DIFF MUTATIONS IN THE GENE THAT ENCODES FOR THE CF TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR, CFTR.

Question 609

THE ABNORMAL EXPRESSIONOF THE CFTR RESULTS IN

Answer 609

RESULTS IN THICK VICIOUS ACCULUMALTION IN THE LUNGS MUCUS BLOCKS THE PASSAGEWAYS OF THE PANCREAS WHICH PREVENTS ENZYMEABNORMLA TRANSPORT OF SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IONS ACROSS MANY TYPES OF EPIHERLIAL SURFACES S FROM THE PANCREAS FROM REACHING THE INTESTINE

Question 610

6 CLASSES OF CFTR MUTATIONS

Answer 610

DIVIDED INTO 3 BROAD CATEGORIES: AFFECING THE QUALITY OF THE CFTR PROTIEN AFFECTING FUNCTION PF THE CFTR PROTEIN AS A GATING DEFECT (CLASSII) WHERE THE CHANNEL DOES NOT OPEN A CONDUCTANCE DEFECT (CLASS IV) WHERE THE ION FLOW IS IMPAIRED

Question 611

HOW CF GENE IS INHERITED

Answer 611

A RECESSIVE GENE DISORDR THE CHILD MUST INHERIT 2 COPIES OF THE DEFECTIVE CG GENE TO HAVE DISESE IF BOTH PARENTS CARRY THE GENE, THE POSSIBILITY OF HEIR CHILDREN HAVING FOLLOW THE MENDELIAN inherited pattern of 1 in 4.

Question 612

SCREENING AND DX OF CF

Answer 612

BASED ON THE CLINCAL MAIFESTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CF FAMILY HX OF CF LAB FINDINGS

Question 613

2 CRITERIA MUST BE MET TO DX FOR CF

Answer 613

1) Clinical presentation consistent with CF symptoms . 2) Laboratory evidence of CFTR dysfunction or the presence of two CFTR mutations.

Question 614

clinical eveidence of CF CFTR DYSFUNCTION

Answer 614

ELEVATED SWEAT CHLORIDE GREATER THAN 60 MEQ/L (ON 2 OCCASIONS) MOLECULAR DX - GENETIC TESTING ABNRMAL NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

Question 615

NEBORN SCREENING OF CF

Answer 615

A test performed on newborns to detect cystic fibrosis early, typically through the measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) levels.

Question 616

HOW LONG HAS CF SCREENING IN NEWBORNS BEEN PRRACTICED IN ALL 50 STATES

Answer 616

2011

Question 617

MOST INFANTS WITH CF HAVE AN ELEVATED

Answer 617

BLOOD LEVEL OF IMMUNOREACTIVE TRYPSINOGEN (IRT)

Question 618

THE IMMUNOREACTIVE TRYPSIN IS MEASURED FROM

Answer 618

A blood sample taken from the newborn's heel. ON THE GUTHRIE CARDS

Question 619

WHAT IS TEH SWEAT TEST

Answer 619

A diagnostic test used to measure the amount of chloride in sweat, helping to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

Question 620

WHAT US THE GOLD STANADRD FOR DX TEST FOR CF

Answer 620

The sweat test is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis, measuring chloride levels in sweat to confirm the condition.

Question 621

WHAT DOES THE SWEAT TEST MEASURE

Answer 621

The sweat test measures the concentration of chloride and sodium in sweat, which can indicate cystic fibrosis when elevated.

Question 622

WHAT IS PILOCARPINA

Answer 622

a medication used to stimulate sweat production during the sweat test for cystic fibrosis. USUALLY DONE 2X

Question 623

INFANTS WITH A + CF NEWBORN SCREENING RESULT SHOULD HAVE WHAT DONE

Answer 623

A diagnostic sweat test performed to confirm cystic fibrosis. AFTER 2 WEEKS OF AGE AND GREATER THAN 2 KG IF ASYMPOTAMTIC

Question 624

SWEAT TESTS INTERPRETATIONS INFANTS LESS THAN 6 MONTHS OF AGE

Answer 624

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 29 MMOL/L - NORMAL 30-59 MMOL/L -INTERMEDIATE - POSSIBLE CF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 MMOL/L - ABNRMAL - DX OF CF

Question 625

SWEAT TESTS INTERPRETATIONS INFANTSOLDER 6 MONTHS OF AGE, CHILDREN AND ADULTS

Answer 625

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 39 MMOL/L - NORMAL 40-59 MMOL/L - INTERMEDIATE - POSSIBLE CF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 MMOL/L - ABNORMAL - DX OF CF GREATER THAN 60MMOL/L ABNRONAL - DX OF CF

Question 626

CLINICAL INDICATIONS JUSTIFYING THE INTIAL EVELAUTAION FOR CF

Answer 626

WHEEZE DISTAL INTEST. OBSTRUCTION SYNDROME CHRINIC COUGH PANCREAS INSUFFICIENT SPUTUM PRODUCTION PANCREATITIS PARASINUSITIS CHOLELITHIASIS GI ISSUES FAT SOLUBLE DEF (A, D, E, K) FREQ RESP INFECTIONS FAILURE TO THRIVE HYPOPROTEINEMIA HEPTOMEGALY LABNORMAL CT SCAN HEPTOBILARY PROLAPSE INFERTILITY MECONIUM ILEUS OBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA MECONIUM PERITONITIS NASAL POLYPS FOCAL BILIARY CIRRHOSIS PARASINUSITIS CHOLELITHIASIS

Question 627

MOLECULAR DX FOR CF

Answer 627

Molecular diagnosis for cystic fibrosis involves genetic testing to identify mutations in the CFTR gene, which is responsible for CF.

Question 628

NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES OF CF

Answer 628

THE IMPAIRED TRANSPORT NA+ AND CL- ACROSS THE EPITHELIAL CELL LINING THE AIRWAY OF THE CF PT CAN BE MEASURED by nasal potential difference measurements. This reflects abnormal ion transport, characteristic of cystic fibrosis.

Question 629

WHEN NA+ AND CL- MOVE ACROSS THE EPITHELIAL CELL MEMBRANE THEY GENERATE

Answer 629

an electrical potential difference, which can be measured to assess ion transport abnormalities in cystic fibrosis.

Question 630

THE NASAL PASSAGES THE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IS CALLED

Answer 630

the nasal potential difference.

Question 631

PRE NATAL TESTING FOR CF

Answer 631

PREG FEMALES OFFERED SCREENING FOR CF MUTATIONS IF BOTH PARENTS TEST + TEST FOR CF MUTATIONS THEN THE FETUS HAS A 1:4 CHANCE OF HAVING CF

Question 632

STOOL FECAL FAT TEST FOR CF

Answer 632

a diagnostic test that measures the amount of fat in a stool sample, used to assess pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients. MEAUSRES THE AMOUNT OF FATE IN THE IN INFANTS STOOL AND THE % OF DIETARY FAT THAT IS NOT ABSORBED BY THE BODY

Question 633

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE STOOL FECAL FAT TEST

Answer 633

USED TO EVEALUATE HOW THE LIVER, GALL BLADDER, PANCREASE, AND INTESTINES ARE FUNCTIONING

Question 634

INFANTS WITH CF AND PANCREATIC INSUFF WILL HAVE A FECAL ELASTANCE OF LESS THAN

Answer 634

50 UG/G OF STOOL

Question 635

WHAT IS THE NORMAL VALUES FOR INFANTS FOR THE STOOL FECAL FAT TEST

Answer 635

NORMAL IS GREATER THAN 300 UG/G OF STOOL

Question 636

OVERVIEW OF TEH CARDIOPULMONARY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CF

Answer 636

ATELECTASIS BRONCHOSPASM EXCESSIVE BRONCHIAL SECRETIONS

Question 637

VITALS SIGNS FOR CF PT

Answer 637

INCREASED BP RR (TACHYPNEA) HR

Question 638

HOW ARE ACCESSORY MUSCLES AND BREATHING IN CF

Answer 638

used during respiration to assist with breathing due to increased work of breathing and airway obstruction. ACCESSORY MUSCLES FOR INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION AND PURSED LIP BREATHING BARREL CHEST COUGH AND SPUTUM PRODUCTIO AND HEMPPYTSIS CYANOSIS

Question 639

CHEST ASSESMENT FOR CF

Answer 639

DECREASED TACTILE AND VOCAL FREMITUS HYPER-RESONANT DIM BS DIM HEART SOUNDS BRONCHIAL BREATH SOUNDS (OVER ATELECTSASIS) CRACKLES WHEEZE SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX

Question 640

PULM FUNCTION TEST FOR SEVERE CF

Answer 640

FEV1/FVC RATIO - D PEFR - D FEF 25-75 - VT - N OR I IC - N OR D IRV - N OR D FRC - I ERV - N OR D TLC - N OR I RV - I VC -D RV/TLC RATIO - N OR I FVC -D FEVt -D FEF 50% - D FEF200-1200 -D

Question 641

ABG FOR NORMAL CF PT

Answer 641

PH - ELEVATED PACO2 - DECREASED HC03- - DECREASED PAO2 - DECREASED SAO2/SPO2 - DECREASED

Question 642

ABG OF SEVERE STAGE CF

Answer 642

PH = NORMAL PACO2 - ELEVATED HC03- - ELEVATED PAO2 - DECREASED SAO2/SPO2 - DECREASED

Question 643

HEMODYNAMICS INDICES FOR MODERATE TO SEVRE STAGES CF

Answer 643

CVP - I RAP - I PA - I CO - N SV - N PCWP - N CL - N RVSWI - I LVSWI N PVR -I SVR - N

Question 644

ABNORmal testiung for cf- hematology

Answer 644

increased hct/hgb INCREASED WBC COUNT

Question 645

ABNORMAL TESTING FOR ELECTROLYTES FOR CF

Answer 645

HYPOCHLOREMIA- (CHRONIC VENT FAILURE) INCREASED SERUM BICARBONATE

Question 646

ABNORMAL TESTING SPUTUM FOR CF

Answer 646

GRAM + STAPH AUREAUS HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE GRAM - PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STENTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA BURkholderia cepacia

Question 647

ABNORMAL CHEST RADIOGRAPH FOR CF

Answer 647

TRANSLUCENT (DARK) LUNG FIELDS DEPRESSED OR FLATTENED DIAPHRAGM RIGHT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT MAY SHOW TRAM TRACKS PNEUMOTHORAX (SPONATEOUS) ABCESS FORMATION may show hyperinflation, atelectasis, and bronchiectasis.

Question 648

COMMON NON-RESPIRATORY CLINCAL MANIFESTATIONS FOR CF

Answer 648

DIOS (Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome) MALNUTRITION AND POOR BODY DEVELOPMENT DEF OF VIT A, D, E, AND K NASAL POLYPS AND SINUSITIS INFERTILITY (MALES)

Question 649

GENETIC MANAGEMENT OF CF

Answer 649

THE PRIMARY GOALS ARE TO PREVENT PULM INFECTIOONS AND REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF THICK BRINCHIAL SECRETIONS IMPROVE THE AIR FLOW AND PROVIDE ADEQUEATE NUTRITION

Question 650

RESP CARE TX PROTOCOLS FOR CF

Answer 650

O2 THERAPY AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERAPY LUNG EXPANSION THERAPY AERSOLOZISED MEDS MECH VENT PROTOCOL OTHER MEDICATIONS AND SPECIAL PROCESURES CFTR modulators and supplemental therapies. PATHOGENS AND ABX EXERCISE AND PULM REHAB ANTI INFLAMM THERAPY PREVENTION LUNG TRANSPLANT

Question 651

THERAPY RECOMMENADATIONS FOR CF

Answer 651

BRONCHOPULM HYGIENE (VEST) NIV (IF APPROPRIATE) MECH VENT (IF APPROPRIATE) IS 10X/HR DB&C SURGERY (LUNG TRANSPLANT)

Question 652

PHARM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF ACUTE

Answer 652

ACUTE - BROAD SPECTRUM ABX SABA PRN

Question 653

PHARM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF MANAGEMENT

Answer 653

SABA PRN

Question 654

PHARM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF ASSESS FOR

Answer 654

LABA LAMA ICS INHALED ABX DNA-ASE HYPERTONIC SALINE CFTR CORRECTOR/POTENTIATOR CFTR POTENTIATOR O2 THERAPY PANCREATIC LIPASE IBUPROFREN

Question 655

TEST RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF

Answer 655

PFT ABG (ACUTE AND BASELINE) CXR (ACUTE AND BASELINE) CBC WITH DIFF ELECTROLYET PANEL

Question 656

WHAT ARE DIAGNOSTIC TEST RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CF

Answer 656

SWEAT CHLORIDE X2 (GREATER THAN 60MEQ/L MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTING (CFTR 2 MUTATIONS) NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IMMUNOREACTIVE TRYPSIN STOOL FECAL FAT TEST

Question 657

Pneumonia

Answer 657

An inflammatory process primarily affecting the gas exchange area of the lung, often resulting in alveolar consolidation and atelectasis.

Question 658

Etiology (PNEUMONIA)

Answer 658

The study of the cause of a disease, in this case, pneumonia.

Question 659

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Answer 659

Pneumonia acquired from normal social contact, often caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 660

Atypical Pneumonia

Answer 660

Pneumonia that does not present with classic symptoms and is typically caused by pathogens like Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Question 661

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Answer 661

Pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission and was not present at the time of admission.

Question 662

Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 662

A type of pneumonia caused by the inhalation of foreign materials, such as gastric fluids, into the lungs.

Question 663

Mendelson's Syndrome

Answer 663

A condition associated with aspiration of acidic stomach contents, causing tachycardia, dyspnea, and cyanosis.

Question 664

Fungal infections in pneumonia

Answer 664

Infections caused by fungi, such as Histoplasmosis and Coccidioidomycosis, that can lead to pneumonia.

Question 665

Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly Pneumocystis carinii)

Answer 665

A common opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS.

Question 666

Nebulization Therapy

Answer 666

A treatment for pneumonia involving the use of nebulizers to deliver medication directly into the lungs.

Question 667

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

Answer 667

Pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation.

Question 668

Alveolar consolidation

Answer 668

The filling of air spaces in the lungs with fluid, pus, blood, or other material, disrupting normal gas exchange.

Question 669

Diagnosis of pneumonia

Answer 669

Can include chest X-rays, sputum cultures, and blood tests to identify the causative organisms.

Question 670

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 670

A common bacterial pathogen that accounts for more than 80% of all bacterial pneumonias.

Question 671

COPD

Answer 671

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a condition that can increase the risk of severe pneumonia.

Question 672

Lobar pneumonia

Answer 672

A type of pneumonia that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung.

Question 673

Pulmonary Function Tests

Answer 673

Tests that measure lung function and capacity, often with decreased values in pneumonia patients.

Question 674

Chest radiograph findings

Answer 674

X-ray findings in pneumonia patients, which can show consolidation, atelectasis, and pleural effusion.

Question 675

what happens in pneumonia

Answer 675

Structural changes in lung tissues due to pneumonia, including inflammation, consolidation, and impaired gas exchange. the result of an inflammation process that primarily affects the gas exchange

Question 676

ANATOMIC ALTERATIONS OF LUNGS - PNEUMONIA

Answer 676

INFLAMMATION OF THE ALVEOLI ALVEOLI CONSOLIDATION ATELECTSASIS (ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA)

Question 677

PNEUMONIA -ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

Answer 677

PNEUMONIA AND INFLUENZA COMBINED ARE THE 8TH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG AMERICANS

Question 678

IN WHOM IS PNEUMONIA BAD

Answer 678

WHOSE LUNGS ARE ALREADY DAMAGED BY COPD OR ASTHMA OR SMOKING

Question 679

THE RISK OF DEATH FROM PNEUMONIA OR INFLUENZA IS HIGHER AMONG

Answer 679

PEOPLE WITH HEART DISEASE DIABETES OR WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 680

PNEUMONIA IS LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN

Answer 680

CHILDREN

Question 681

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 681

BACTERIA FUNGI VIRUS PROTOZOA PARASITES TB ANAEROBIC ORGANISMS ASPIRATION INHALATION OF IRRITATING CHEMICALS (FOR EX. CHLORINE)

Question 682

COMMON WAYS PNEUMONIA CAUSING AGENTS SPREAD

Answer 682

LAND DIRECTLY ON: MOUTH EYES NOSE LAND DIRECTLY ON NEARBY SRFACES

Question 683

general pneumonia terminology

Answer 683

double pneumonia walking pneumonia

Question 684

pneumonia is named for location such as the

Answer 684

bronchopneumonia lobarpneumonia interstitial pneumonia

Question 685

what is community acquired pneumonia

Answer 685

pneumonia acquired from normal social contact

Question 686

common causes of community acquired pneumonia

Answer 686

streptococcus pneumonaiae staphyloccocal pneumonia haemophilus influenza leginonella pneumophiia mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 687

STREPTOCCOUS PNEUMONAIE ACCOUNTS FOR

Answer 687

80% OF ALL BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

Question 688

STAPHYLOCCOSUS PNEUMONIA IS FROM WHAT BACTERIA

Answer 688

STAPHYOCCOUS AUREUES STEPHYLCOCUS ALBANS STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS

Question 689

COMMON CAUSES OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH LOBAR PNEUMONIA

Answer 689

THE COMMON CAUSE IS MOXAXELLA CATARRHALIS

Question 690

CLINICAL PRESENTATION IS OFTEN SUB ACUTE

Answer 690

PT PRESENTS WITH A VARIETY OF BOTH PULM AND EXTRAPULM FINDINGS MYCOPLASMA ORGANISMS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE CAUSES SIMILAR TO BOTH BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PNEUMONIA A COUGH THAT TENDS TO COME IN VIOLENT ATTACKS PRODUCING ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE MUCUS

Question 691

ATYPICAL REFERS TO WHAT (PNEUMONIA)

Answer 691

THE ORGANISM ESCAPES IDENTIFICATION BY STANARD BACTERIOLOGIC TESTS GENERALLY ONLY A MODERATE AMOUNT OF EXPECTORANT SPUTUM THERE IS AN ABSENCE OF ALVEOLAR CONSOLIDATION THERE IS ONLY A MODERATE ELEVATION OF WBC COUNT THERE IS A LACK OF ALEVEOLAR EXUDATE

Question 692

EXAMPLES OF ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA CAUSES

Answer 692

COXIella burnetii, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumoniae

Question 693

FACTS ABOUT COXIELLA BURNETTI

Answer 693

GRAM NEG BACTERIA CAUSES Q FEVER IN HUMANS

Question 694

VIRUS ACCOUNT FOR

Answer 694

50% OF ALL PNEUMONIAS SEVERAL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A COMMUNITY ACQUIRED ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 695

VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH ATYPICAL PNUEMONIA

Answer 695

RSV PARAINFLUENZA (CHILDREN) - RELATED TO MUMPS, RUBELLA, AND RSV INFLUENZA A AND B - MOST COMMON CAUSES OF VIRAL RESP TRACT INFECTIONS ADENOVIRUS HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS - 2ND MOST COMMON CAUSE OF LOWER RESP INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Question 696

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IS

Answer 696

A TYPE OF PNEUMONIA THAT OCCURS 48 HOURS OR MORE AFTER HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND THAT WAS NOT PRERSENT AT THE TIME OF ADMISSIONA TYPE OF PNEUMONIA THAT OCCURS 48 HOURS OR MORE AFTER HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND THAT WAS NOT PRESENT AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION.

Question 697

MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Answer 697

include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. . MRSA

Question 698

HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA REFERS TO

Answer 698

A PT WHO HAVE RECENTLY BEEN HOSPITALIZED IN AN ACUTE CARE HOSPITAL WITH IN 90 DAYS OF THE INFECTION HAVE BEENRESIDING IN NURSING HOME OR LONG TERM CARE FACILITY AND HAVE RECIEVED PARENTERAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY, CHEMOTHERAPY OR WOUND CARE WITH IN 30 DAYS OF PNEUMONIA

Question 699

vent associated pneumonia is a pneumonia that

Answer 699

a pneumonia of infectious diseases origin that develops more than 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation

Question 700

common infections associated with vent associated pneumonia

Answer 700

include Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species. ENTERBACTER SPECIES S.MALTOPHILIA

Question 701

CAUSES OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 701

result from the inhalation of or aspiration of foreign material, such as food, liquid, or vomit, into the lungs, leading to infection. ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC FLUID OF 2.5 PH OR LESS can also cause significant lung injury and infection.

Question 702

THE MAJOR CAUSE OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA - ASPIRATING ON GASTRIC JUICES IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF

Answer 702

ANAEROBIC LUNG INFECTIONS

Question 703

3 DISTINCTIVE FORMS OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 703

TOXIC INJURY TO THE LUNG OBSTRUCTION BY FORGEIN BODY OR FLUID INFECTIONS

Question 704

WHAT IS THE ISSUE WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 704

COMMONLY MISSED BECAUSE ACUTE INFLAMMATION REACTIONS MAY NOT BEGIN UNTIL SEVERAL HOURS OBSERVED ASPIRATION OF THE GASTRIC FLUID

Question 705

THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA GENERALLY

Answer 705

INCREASES IN SEVERITY 12-26 HOURS AND MAY PROGRESS TO ARDS

Question 706

WHAT IS ARDS

Answer 706

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, a serious condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs, leading to respiratory failure.

Question 707

MENDELSONS SYNDROME

Answer 707

a form of aspiration pneumonia resulting from the inhalation of gastric contents, leading to chemical pneumonitis.

Question 708

SYMPTOMS OF MENDELSONS SYNDROME

Answer 708

TACHYCARDIA DYSPNEA CYANOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH ASPIRATION OF ACID STOMACH CONTENTS USUALLY CONFINED TO ASPIRATIONS PNEUMONITIS IN PREG WOMEN

Question 709

WHAT IS GERD

Answer 709

THE REGULATION OF STOMACH CONTENTS INTO THE ESOPHAGUS

Question 710

GERD IS SEEN 3X MORE IN WHAT PTS

Answer 710

ASTHMA

Question 711

CHRONIC PNEUMONIA IS

Answer 711

TYPICALLY is a localized lesion in pts with a normal immune system with or without regional node involvement commonly seen in pt with tb and fungal diseases of the lungs pts usually have granulomatous inflammation

Question 712

fungal infections - anatomic alterations of the lungs

Answer 712

alveolar consolidation alveolar capill;ary memebrane thickening/destruction caseous tubercles or granulomas cavity formation fibrosis and secondary calcification of the lung parencychema

Question 713

primary pathogens of fungal diseases

Answer 713

histoplasmosis coccidiodmycosis blastomycosis paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 714

facts about hisoplasmosis

Answer 714

most common fungal disease in the us - along river valleys of the midwest found in soil enriched with bird excreta

Question 715

screening and diagnosis for histoplasmosis

Answer 715

fungal culture fungal stain - 100% accurate serology - relatively fast and accfurate test

Question 716

how is histoplasmosis contracted

Answer 716

by inhaling the spores found in contaminated soil or dust.

Question 717

what is coccididmycosis

Answer 717

caused by the inhalation ofCoccidioides immitis spores, often found in dry, arid regions.

Question 718

screning and diagnosis for coccidiodomycosis

Answer 718

made by visaulization of distinctive spherules in microscopy of the pt: sputum tissue exudate biopsies spinal fluid

Question 719

screening and diagnosis for blastomycosis

Answer 719

direct visaulaization of yeast in sputum smears culture of fungal infection

Question 720

cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 720

caused from the high nitrogen content of pigeon droppings

Question 721

aspergillus is found

Answer 721

in decaying vegetation and soil, and its spores are commonly inhaled.

Question 722

Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host

Answer 722

Cytomegalovirus -members of herpes family Pneumocystis jirovecii - seen in pt who are profoundly immunosuppressed Mycobacterium avium complex - a series opportunistic infections that is caused by similar bacteria

Question 723

Cytomegalovirus is common viral pulmonary complications of

Answer 723

aids

Question 724

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an

Answer 724

Fatal form of pneumonia Seen in pt who are profoundly immunocompromised Major pulmonary infection seen in pts with HIV and AIDS

Question 725

Mycobacterium avium complex is caused by what 2 bacteria

Answer 725

Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium intercellulare Found in soil and dust particles

Question 726

Other types of pneumonia impacting immunocompromised pt

Answer 726

Invasive aspergillosis Invasive candiasis Ricketsia Varicella Rubella Severe acute respiratory syndrome Lipoid pneumatic Avian influenza A

Question 727

Lipoid pneumonitis is from

Answer 727

Aspiration of mineral oil

Question 728

What is the mortality rate of varicella pneumonia is

Answer 728

About 20%

Question 729

Where is mycobacterium avium complex found

Answer 729

Found in soil and dust particles

Question 730

What is necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 730

The pneumonia that causes the death of lung tissue cells within the infected pulmonary parenchyma

Question 731

What is the result of necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 731

In lung abscess

Question 732

Major pathological or structural changes in necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 732

Alveolar consolidation Alveolar capillary and bronchial wall destruction Tissue necrosis Alveolar consolidation Alveolar capillary and bronchial wall destruction Tissue necrosis Cavity formation Fibrosis and calcification of the lung parenchychema Bronchial pleural fistula and emphysema Atelectasis Excessive airway secretions

Question 733

What is a common complication of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 733

Lung abscess

Question 734

What are pre disposing factors forming abscess for necrotizing pneumonia include

Answer 734

Alcohol abuse Seizure disorder General anesthesia Head trauma CVA Swallowing disorders

Question 736

What are some of the reasons besides lung abscess associated with necrotizing pneumonia

Answer 736

Bronchial obstruction with secondary infection Vascular obstruction with tissue infraction Interstitial lung disorder with cavity formation Bullae or cyst that become infected Penetrating chest wounds lead to an infection

Question 737

vital signs for pneumonia

Answer 737

chest pain cynanosis decreased lung expansionn cough and sputum production emopytsis

Question 738

pulmonary function test for pneumonia

Answer 738

FVC -D FEV1T -N OR D FEV/FVC RATIO = N OR I FEF25-75 - N OR D FEF 50% N OR D FEF 200-1200 - N OR D FVC -D FEV1T -N OR D FEV/FVC RATIO = N OR I FEF25-75 - N OR D FEF 50% N OR D FEF 200-1200 - N OR D FRC - D TLC - D RV/TLC RATIO - N

Question 739

WHAT TYPE OD DISEASE IS PNEUMONIA RESTRICTIVE OR OBSTRUCTIVE

Answer 739

RESTRICTIVE

Question 740

ABG FOR SEVERE STAGES - PNEUMONA

Answer 740

PH - DECREASED PACO2 - ELEVATED HCO3- - ELEVATED PAO2-DECREASED SPO2/SAO2 -DECREASED

Question 741

ABNORMAL TESTS FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 741

ABNORMAL SPUTUM CHEST RADIOGRAPH (INCREASED DENSITY FROM CONSOLIDATION AND ATEECSTASIS AND INFILTRATES) ABNORMAL BRONCHOGRAM (MAY HAVE AIR OR FLUID FILLED CAVITIES) LUNG ABSCESS PLEURAL EFFUSIONS OR EMPHYSEMA

Question 742

GENRAL MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 742

TH TX OF PNEUMONIA IS BASED ON THE SPECIFIC ETIOLOG OF THE PNEUMONIA THE SEVERITY OF THE SYMPTOMS BY THE PT O2 THERAPY LUNG EXPANISION LUNG EXPANISON THERAPY PROTOCL AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERANCE THORACENTIS

Question 743

DIAGNOSTIC THORACENTIS

Answer 743

COLOR OROR RBC COUNT PROTIEN GLUCOSE LDH AMYLASE PH WRIGHTS, GRAM OR ACID FAST BACILLUS AFB STAIN AEROBOC, ANAAERBOIC, TB, AND FUNGAL CULTURES CYTOLOGY

Question 744

RECOMMENDED THERAPY FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 744

BRINCHIAL HYGIENE DB & C IS 10/HR

Question 745

RECOMMENDED PHARM FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 745

BROAD SPECTRUM ABX SABA PRN IF INDICATED ICS IF INDICATED O2 THERAPY IF INDICATED

Question 746

RECOMMENDED TESTS FOR PNEUMONA

Answer 746

ABG CXR CBC WITH DIF SPUTUM WITH CULTURE AND SENSISTIBTY

Question 747

pneumonia is said to be

Answer 747

PROCESS THAT PRIMARILY AFFECTS THE GAS EXCHANGE AREA OF THE LUNG

Question 748

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMONIA OCCURS IN 4 STAGES

Answer 748

1. STAGE - OCCURS WITH IN 24 HOURS OF AN INFECTION. IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMM BLOOD FLOW TO ALEVOLI INCREASES 2. STAGE 2 - DAYS 2 -3 - CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF RBC, POLY MORPH ONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES INCREASE TO ENGULF INDAING PATHOGENS 3. STAGE 3 - DAYS 4-6 - INCREASED NUMBER OF MACROPHAGES THAT MOVE INTO THE INFECTED AREA TO REMOVE CELLULAR DEBRIS 4. STAGE 4 - DAYS 7-100- CALLED THE RESOLIUTION STAGE. CHARACTERIZED BY THE REABSORPTION OF INFLAMM FLUIDS AND CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF NORMAL AIRWAYS AND ALVEOLI

Question 749

WHEN IS ATELECTSASIS A NORMAL SIDE EFFECT

Answer 749

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Question 750

THE MAJOR PATHOLOGIC OR STRUCTUAL CHANGE ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA ARE AS FOLLOWS

Answer 750

1. INFLAMM OF THE ALVEOLI 2. ALVEOLI CONSOLIDATION 3. ATEECTASIS

Question 751

WHAT DOES PNEUMONIA OFTEN MIMIC

Answer 751

A COMMON COLD

Question 752

SOME BACTERIAL PNEUMONIAS ARE CALLED ATYPICAL BECUASE

Answer 752

THE PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY THESE (MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA, CHLAYMDIOPHILIA PNUEMONIA, AND LEGIONELLA ONEUMONIA) HAVE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS, APPEAR DIIFERENT ON CXR OR RESPOND TO DIFFERENT ABX THAN TYPICAL PNUEMONIA

Question 753

RISK FACTORS FOR ONUEMONIA

Answer 753

OVER 65 Y/O AGE ASPIRATION OFOROPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS VIRAL RESP INFECTIONS CHRONIC ILLNESS CHRONIC RESP DISEASE (COPD, ASTHMA, CF) CANCER ESPECIALLY LUNG CA PROLONGED BED REST TRACHEOSTOMY OR ET TUBE ABDOMINAL OR THORACIC SURGERY RIB FRACTURE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY AIDS

Question 754

HOW IS PNUEMONIA TYPICALLY TRANSMITTED

Answer 754

PERSON TO PERSON THROUGH SMALL AEROLSIZED DROPLETS THAT ARE PRODUCED WHENAN INFECTED PERSON COUGH, SNEEZES, OR TALKS STRONGLY NEAR INFECTED PEOPLE

Question 755

IF INFECTED DROPLETS LAND ON TEXTILES OR FABRICS HOW LONG CAN THEY LIVE

Answer 755

APPROX 26 DAYS ON COTTON APPROX 28 DAYS ON SILK APPROX 30 DAYS ON WOOL

Question 756

HOW IS PNUEMONIA CLASSIFIED

Answer 756

1. THE PATHOGEN RESPONSIBLE 2. THE CLINCAL SETTING THE PNUEMONIA OCCURED

Question 757

WHAT IS DOUBLE ONUEMONIA

Answer 757

BOTH LUNGS INVOLVED

Question 758

WHAT IS WALKING PNEUMONIA

Answer 758

USED TO DESCRIBE A MILD CASE OF PNUEMONIA

Question 759

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA REFERES TO

Answer 759

BY A PATCHY PATTERN PATTERN OF INFECTION THAT IS LIMITED TO TEH SEGEMNETAL BRONCHI AND SURROUNDING LUNG PARENCHYEMA USUALLY INVOLVES BOTH LOBES AND OFTEN SEEN IN LOWER LOBES

Question 760

LOBAR PNEUMONIA REFERS TO

Answer 760

WIDESPREAD OR DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR INFLAMM AND CONSOLIDATION CONTINUED TO ONE OR MORE LOBES OF THE LUNG THE END RESULT OF SEVERE OR LONG TERM BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN WHICH THE INFECTION SPREAD FROM ONE SEGEMNT TO ANOTHER UNTIL THE ENTIRE LOBE IS INVOLVED

Question 761

INTERSTITIAL PNUEMONIA REFERS TO

Answer 761

USUALLY A DIFFUSE AND BILATERAL INFLAMM THAT PRIMARILY INVOLVES THE ALVEOLAR SEPTA AND INTERSTITIAL

Question 762

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNA REFERS TO

Answer 762

PNEUMONIA FROM NORMAL SOCIAL CONTACT

Question 763

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IS

Answer 763

ACCOUNTS FOR 80% OF ALL TEH BACTERIAL PNUEMONIA IS GRAM + IS FOUND IN PARIS (DIPLOCOCCI) USUALLY TRANSMITTED FROM AEROSOL MOST ARE SENISTIVE TO PENICILLIN AND ITS DERIATIVES COMMONLY CULTURED FROM THE SPUTUM OF PATEINTS HAVING AN ACUTE EXACERBATIION OF CHRONIC BRINCHITIS

Question 764

WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

Answer 764

THE COCCI ARE ENCLOSED IN A SMOOTH, POLY SACCHARIDE CAPSULE THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR VIRULENCE

Question 765

STAPHLOCCOSUS HAS 2 MAJORS

Answer 765

1. STAPH AUREUS - RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST STAPH INFECTION 2. STAPH ALBUS/STAPH EPIDERMIDIS - PART OF NORMAL SKIN FLORA

Question 766

STAPHYLOCCOCUS PNEUMONIA ARE

Answer 766

GRAM + BACTERIA FOUND SINGLY, AND IN IRREGULAR CLUSTERS OFTEN FOUND AFTER A PREDISPOSING VIRUS INFECTION AND OFTEN SEEN IN CHILDREN AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSED ADULTS

Question 767

S. AUREUS IS OFTEN TRANSMITTED

Answer 767

BY CONTACT COMMON CAUSE OF HOSIPTAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AND MRSA

Question 768

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE IS

Answer 768

SOMMON HUMAN PHARYNGEAL FLORA ONE OF THE SMALLEST GRAM NEG. BACILLI APPEARS AS COCCOBACILLI THERE ARE 6 TYPES, LABELED A TO F MOST COMMON TYPE IS B -PATHOGENIC OFTEN SEEN IN CHILDREN 1 MONTH TO 6 YEARS OLD ALMOST ALWAYS THE CAUSE OF EPIGLOTITIS TRANSMITTED VIA AEROSOL OR CONTACT

Question 769

WHICH PATEINTS IS H.INFLUENZAE COMMONLY CULTURED

Answer 769

SPUTUM OF PATIENTS HAVING ACUTE EXERABTION OF CHRONIC BRINCHITIS

Question 770

RISK FACTORS FOR H. INFLUENZAE

Answer 770

COPD DEFECTS IN B CELL FUNCTION FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMIC ASPLENIA HIV

Question 771

LEGIONELLA PNUEMONIA IS

Answer 771

GRAM NEG BACILLUS AND ATYPICALL CONCENTRATION OF CERTAIN BRANCHED CHAIN LIPIDS

Question 772

WHEN WAS THE FIRST CASE OF LEGIONELLA PNEUMONIA AND WHAT IS LEGIONAIRES DISEASE

Answer 772

IN JULY 1976 AT AMERICAN LEGION CONF. A SEVERE PNUEMONIA OUTBREAK OCCURED THE CAUSE EXCLUDED IDENTIFICATION FOR MANY MONTHS LEGIONAAIRES DIS - THE PNUEMONIA ASSOC WITH LEGIONIONLA HAVE NOW BEEN TERMED LEGIONAIRES

Question 773

LEGIONELLA PNEUMONIA IS CLASSIFIED BY BOTH

Answer 773

1. BACTERIAL CAUSATIVE AGENT 2. AN ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 774

WHERE DO MOST LEGIONALA PNUEMONIA RESISE

Answer 774

FREE LIVING ON SOIL AND WATER TEHY ACT AS A DECOMPOSER ORGANISMS MULTIPLES IN STANDING WATER SUCH AS CONTAMINATED MUD PUDDLES, ALRGE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND WATER TANKS TRANSMITTED WHENIT BECOMES AIRBORNE AND ENTERES THE PT VOA AEROSOL

Question 775

WHO DOES LEGIONELLA PNUEMONIA MOSTLY IMPACT

Answer 775

MIDDLE AGE MEN WHO SMOKE

Question 776

KLEBISELLA PNUEMONIA IS PART OF WHAT BACTERIAL FAMILY

Answer 776

ENTERBACTERIACAE HE BACILUUS IS NAMED - FRIEDLANDER

Question 777

WHAT IMPACT DOES KLEBISELLA PNEUMONIA NORMALLY HAVE

Answer 777

ASSOC WITH LOCAR PNUEMONIA

Question 778

WHO IS AT RISK FOR KLEBSIELLA PNYEMONIA

Answer 778

MEN OLDER THAN 40 IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS OF BOTH GENDERS

Question 779

WHAT KIND OF BACTERIA IS KLEBISELLA

Answer 779

GRAM NEG BACILLUS FOUND SINGLY, IN PAIRS, OR CHAINS NORMAL INHABITATES IN GI TRACT COOMON HOSPITAL ACQUIRED DISEASE NORMALLY TRANSMITTED VIA ROUTES SUCH AS: CLOTHING, IV ROUTES, AND HEALTH WORKER HANDS

Question 780

HOW IS KLEBISELLA TRANSMITTED

Answer 780

DIRECTLY BY AEROSL OR INDIRECTLY BY CONTACT

Question 781

WHAT IS THE MORTALITY RATE OF KLEBISELLA

Answer 781

VERY HIGH AS SEPTICEMIA IS A FREQUENT COMPLICATION

Question 782

MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS WHAT TYPE OF BACTERIA

Answer 782

GRAM NEG DIPLOCOCCUS COLONIZES TO THE UPPER RESP TRACT COMMONLY IN CHILDREN IF IT OFTEN CUASED CASE OF OTOTIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN AND ASSOCIATED WITH EXACERBATIONS IN ADULTS WITH COPD

Question 783

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IS

Answer 783

HIGHLY MOBILE GRAM NEG BACILLUS OFTEN FOUND IN GI TRACT, BURNS, AND CATHERIZED URINARY TRACT OFTEN CULTURED FROM CHRINICALLY ILL PT AND PT WHO HAVE TRACH LEADING CAUSE OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA THRIVES IN DAMPNESS

Question 784

WHAT ARE RISK FACTORS FOR P. AERUGINOSA

Answer 784

NEUTROPENIA HIV INFECTION PRE-EXITING LUNG DISEASE ET TUBE PREVIOUS ABX USE

Question 785

HOW IS P. AERUGINOSA TRANSMITTED

Answer 785

AEROSOL OR BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH FRESHLY CONTAMINATED ARTICLES

Question 786

WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF P. AERUGINOSA

Answer 786

VERY MUCOID COLONIAL FORM

Question 787

WHAT DOES THE SPUTUM LOOK LIKE IN PT WITH P. AERUGINOSA

Answer 787

GREEN AND SWEET SMELLINH

Question 788

COMMON CAUSES OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRES ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA ARE

Answer 788

1. MYCOPLASM BACTERIA 2.COXIELLA BURNETTI 3. CHALMYDOPHILA SPP. 4. RSV 5. PARAINFLEUENZA 6. INFLUENZA A AND B 7. ADENOVIRUS 8. HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS

Question 789

WHAT DOES THE MYCOPLASMA BACTERIA LOOK LIKE

Answer 789

TINY CELL WALL CELL WALL DEFICIENT SMALLER THAN BACTERIA BUT LARGER THAN VIRUSES

Question 790

THE PNUEMONIA CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA ORGANISM IS OFTEN DESCRIBED AS

Answer 790

PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA THE AYTPICAL REFERS TO: 1. THE ORGANISM ESCAPES IDENTIFICATION 2. GENERALLY ONLY A MODERATE AMOUNT 3. THERE IS AN ABSENCE OF ALVEOLAR CONSOLIDATION 4. ONLY A MODERATE ELEVATION OF WBC COUNT 5. A LACK OF ALVEOLAR EXUDATE

Question 791

HOW ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MYCOPLASMA ORG

Answer 791

SIMILAR TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PNEUMONIA BUT MORE GRADUAL AND OFTEN MILDER COUGH THAT COMES IN VIOLENT ATTACKS IS COMMON SIGN PRODUCING ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE MCUCUS OFTEN SEEN IN PEOPLE WHO CONGREGATE OFTEN SAID IN PT THAT HAVE BEEN DX - AS WALKING PNEUMONIA

Question 792

COXIELLA BURNETTI IS WHAT TYPE OF BACTERIA

Answer 792

GRAM NEG THAT CAUSES Q FEVER IN HUMANS MORE RESISTANT THAN OTHER RICKETSISAE PASSED VIA AEROSOL TO PERSON TO PERSON ACUTE PNUEMONIA AND CHRONIC ENDOCARDITIS ARE ALSO ASSCO WITH THIS SPECIES

Question 793

CHLAMYDOPHILIA SPP IS FOUND WHERE NORMALLY

Answer 793

IN CERVIX, URETHRA RECTUM THROAT AND RESP TRACT FOUND IN THE FECES OF BIRDS

Question 794

VIRUSES ACCOUNT FOR WHAT % OF ALL ONEUMONIAS

Answer 794

50% AND ARE ASSOC WITH A COMMUNITY ACQUIRED AATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 795

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF VIRAL PNEUMONIA

Answer 795

FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS UNPRODUCTIVE COUGH HEADACHE FEVER MUSCLE PAIN FATIGUE AS DISEASE PROGRESSES, PT MAY BECOME SHORT OF BREATH COUGH AND PRODUCE A SMALL AMOUNT OF CLEAR OR WHITE SPUTUM

Question 796

WHAT POTENTIAL RISK DOES VIRAL PNEUMONIA CARRY

Answer 796

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SECONDARY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

Question 797

HOW DO VIRUSES EXIST

Answer 797

THEY ARE PARASITIC AND DEPEND ON NUTRIENTS INSIDE THE CELL FOR THEIR METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE NEEDS

Question 798

WHAT % OF ACUTE RESP TRACT INFECTIONS ARE CAUSED BY VIRUSES

Answer 798

0.9

Question 799

WHAT OTHER DISEASE BELONG TO THE RSV GROUP

Answer 799

PARAINFLUENZA MUMPS RUBELLA

Question 800

WHO DOES RSV MOSTLY IMPACT

Answer 800

CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 12 MONTHS AND OLDER ADULTS WITH UNDERLYING HEART OR PULM DISEASE

Question 801

HOW IS RSV TRANSMITTED

Answer 801

AEROSOL ROUTE AND BY DIRECT CONTACT

Question 802

THERE ARE 5 TYPES OF PARAMYXOINFLUENZA GROUP (AND RELATED TO MUMPS, RUBELLA AND RSV)

Answer 802

TYPES 1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b TYPES 1,2, AND 3 - ARE MAJOR CAUSES OF INFECTION IN HUMANS TYPE 1 IS CROUP TYPE 2-3 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SEV INFECTION TYPES 1 -2 SEEN IN FALL AND LATE SPRING TRANSMITTED BY AEROSOL DROPLET AND DIRECT CONTACT

Question 803

PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR ABILITY TO

Answer 803

SPREAD RAPIDLY

Question 804

INFLUENZA A AND B

Answer 804

MOST COMMON CAUSES OF RESP TRACT INFECTIONS AND OCCUR IN EPIDEMIC IN WINTER MOST AT RISK CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS HABVE INCUBATION PERIOD OF 1-3 DAYS

Question 805

HOW DO INFLUENZA A AND B SUSVIVE

Answer 805

IN CONDITIONS OF LOW TEMP AND LOW HUMIDITY

Question 806

ADENOVIRUS SEROTYPE 7

Answer 806

HAS BEEN RELATED TO FATAL CASES OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

Question 807

HOW IS ADENOVIRUS TRANSMITTED

Answer 807

AEROSOL

Question 808

WHEN IS THE ADENOVIRUS MOST PREVALENT

Answer 808

FALL WINTER SPRING

Question 809

HUMAN METPNEUMOVIRUS

Answer 809

NEG SINGLE STRAND RNA VRIUS ASSOC WITH A FAMILY OF VIRUSES THAT ASLO CAUS RSV AND PARAINFLEUNZA VIRUS TYPICALLY OCCURS IN YOUNG CHILDREN IS THE SECOND COMMON CAUSE OF LOWER RESP TRACT INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CHILDREM

Question 810

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNUEMONIA IS DEFINED AS

Answer 810

PNEUMONIA THAT OCCURS 48 HOURS OR MORE AFTER HOSPITAK ADMISSION AND THAT WAS NOT PRESENT AT TIME OF ADMISSION

Question 811

WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENTS ASSOC WITH HOSPITAL ASSOC PNEUMONIA

Answer 811

P.AERGUNIOSA MRSA METHICILLIN SENSISTIVE S.AUREUS ENTERBACTER SPP. KLEBESILLA PNEUMONIA ESCHERIA COLI SERRATIA MARCESCENS PROTEUS SPP. ACINBACTER SPP

Question 812

THE PATIENT THAT DEVELOPS PNEUMONIA BETWEEN 4-7 DAYS AFTER OF HOSPITALIZATION, THE MOST COMMON PATHOGENS ARE

Answer 812

MRSA S. PNEUMONIOIAE H. INFLEUNZAE

Question 813

IN PT HOSPITALIZED LONGER THAN 7 DAYS, WHICH PATHOGENS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PNEUMONIA

Answer 813

P. AERUGINOSA MRSA ENTERIC GRAM NEG ORGANISMS

Question 814

WHAT IS HOSPITAP CARE ASSOCIATED PNUEMONIA

Answer 814

REFERES TO PT WHO HAVE BEEN HOSPITALIZED IN AN ACUTE CARE HOSPITAL WITHIN 90 DAYS OF AN INFECTION WHO RESIDE IN A NUSRING HOME OR LTCF WHO HAVE RECIEVED PARENTERAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY CHEMO THERPY OR WOUND CARE WITHIN 30 DAYS OF PNEUMONIA

Question 815

WHAT ARE COMMON PATHGOGENS OF HEALTH CARE ASSOC PNEUMONIA

Answer 815

COMMON PATHOEGNS INCLUDE MIXED AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC MOUTH FLORA S.AUREUS ENTERIC GRAM NEG BACILLUS INFLUENZA M. TUBERCULOSIS

Question 816

WHAT IS VENTILATO ASSOC PENUMONIA

Answer 816

CAN BE CATERGORIZE DAS A NOSCOSMIAL INFECTION DEFINED AS A PNEUMONIA THAT DEVELOPS MORE THAN 48 TO 72 HOURS AFTER ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION

Question 817

WHAT PATHOGENS ARE ASSOC WITH VAP

Answer 817

P.AERUGINOSA ENTERBACTER KLEBISELLA ACINTEROBACTER SPP. STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA S. AUREUS

Question 818

COMMON PATHOGENS ASSOC WITH ASPIRATION PENUMONIA ARE

Answer 818

INCLUDE ANAAEROBIC ORAL FLORA PEPTOSTREPTOCOCUS PEPTOCOCCI BACTERIODES FRAGILIS PREVOTELLA MELANINGENICA FUSOBACTERIUM SPP AEROIB BACTERIA KLEBISELLA STAPHYLOCOCCUS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Question 819

ASPIRATION PNUEMONI OCCURS BECUASE

Answer 819

ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC FLUID, IT HAS A PH OF 2.5 OR LESS CNA CAUSE A SERIOUS AND FATAL FORM OF PNUEMONIA

Question 820

ASPIRATING GASTRIC FLUIDS IS MAJOR CAUSE OF

Answer 820

ANAEROBIC LUNG INFECTIONS

Question 821

WHY IS ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA COMMONLY MISSED

Answer 821

BECAUSE ACUTE INFLAMM REACTION MAY NOT BEGIN UNTIL SEVERAL HOURS AFTER OBSERVED ASPIRATION OF THE GASTRIC FLUID

Question 822

WHAT IS THE COMPLICATION WHICH CAN ARISE FROM ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Answer 822

ARDS THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION GENERALLY INCREASES SEVERITY FOR 12-26 HOURS AND MAY PROGRESS TO ARDS WHICH MAY INCLUDE INTRAALVEOLAR EDEMA INTRALVEOLAR HYALINE MEMBRANE FORMATION ATELECTATSIS

Question 823

WHAT IS MENDELSON SYNDORME

Answer 823

DESCRIBED AS THE TACHYCARDIA, DYSPNEA, AND CYANOSIS ASSOCI WITH ASPIRATION USUALLY CONFINED TO ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA IN PREG WOMEN

Question 824

HOW IS APRIRATION PNEUMONIA DEFINED

Answer 824

PULMONARY RESULT OF THE ENTRY OF MATERIAL FROM THE STOMACH OR UPPER RESP TRACT INTO THE LOWER AIRWAYS

Question 825

3 DIDTSINCTIVE FORMS

Answer 825

1. TOXIC INJURY TO THE LUNG (CUASED BY GASTRIC JUICES) 2. OBSTRUCTION (FORGEIN BODY OR FLUID) 3. INFECTION

Question 826

THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS AND THE ASPIRATION OF FOOD

Answer 826

ASPIRIARTION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS CAUSES INTIAL HYPOXEMIA REGARDLESS OF THE PH LEVEL OF THE ASPIRATE IF THE PH OF APSIRATE IS HIGH THE INTIAL INJURY IS REVERSIBLE OF THE PH OF THE ASPIRATE IS LOW THEN PARENCHYEMA DAMAGE MAY OCCUR WITH INFLAMM, EDMEA AND HEMORRHAGE

Question 827

SIX CRANIAL NERVES WHICH CARRY MOTOR SIGNALS GENERATED BY CERBERAL AND BRAIN STEM ARE

Answer 827

V -TRIGEMINAL VII - FACIAL IX - GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL X -VAGUS XI - SPINAL ACCESORY XII HYPOGLOSSAL

Question 828

DYSPHAGIA

Answer 828

THE RESULT OF AN ABNORMAL SWALLOW THAT CAN INVOLVE THE ORAL, PHARYNHEAL AND ESOPHAGEAL PHASES

Question 829

WHAT TEST IS DONE TO TEST FOR DYSPHAGIA

Answer 829

EVANS BLUE DYE TEST

Question 830

WHAT ARE THE NIRMAL SWALLOWING MECHANICS

Answer 830

1. ORAL PREP 2. ORAL 3. PHARYNGEAL 4. ESOPHEGEAL

Question 831

TX OF DYSPHAGIA

Answer 831

IS SPECIFIC TO THE NATURE OF THE DISORDER VARIED METHODS OF PRESENTATION OF FOODS AND LIQUIDS, BLOUS VOLUMES AND CONSISTENCY, PSOTURAL MOVEMENTS AND FOOD TEMP CAN AFFECT THE DYNAMICS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RESP AND SWALLOING

Question 832

WHAT IS SILENT ASPIRATION

Answer 832

DEFINED AS THE ASPIRATION THAT DOES NOT EVOKE CLINICALLY OBSERVABLE ADVERSE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS: COUGHING ABD IMMEDIATE RESP DISTRESS

Question 833

PT WITH TRACH ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR

Answer 833

SILENT ASPIRATION 55% TO 70% OF INTUBATED OF TRACH PT ASPIRATE

Question 834

GRANULOMONAS ARE ASSOC

Answer 834

CHRONIC PENUMONIA AND FUNGAL DISEASE OF THE LUNG

Question 835

BECAUSE FUNGI ARE _________ THE LUNGS ARE A PRIME LOCATION FOR FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Answer 835

AEROBES

Question 836

HOW DOES FUNGI MAKE US SICK

Answer 836

WHEN SPORES INHALED THEY REACH THE LUNGS AND GERMINATE THEN THIS HAPPENS THE SPORES PROCUDE A FROTHY YEASTLIKE SUBSTANCE THAT LEADS TO AN INFLAMM RESPONSE

Question 837

FUNGAL DISEASES OF THE LUNG CAUSE A CHRONIC __________ PULM DISORER

Answer 837

restrictive

Question 838

when h.capsilulatum reaches the alveoli what happens

Answer 838

AT BODY TEMP, IT CONVERTS FROM ITS MYCELIAL FORM (MOLD) TO A PARASITIC YEAST FORM

Question 839

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HISTOPLASMOSIS

Answer 839

ARE SIMILAR TO TB THE INCUBATION PERIOD IS ONLY 17 DAYS

Question 840

WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF HSITOPLASMOSIS

Answer 840

1. ASYMPOTMATIC 2. ACUTE SYMPOTOMATIC PULM HISTOPLASMOSIS 3. CHRONIC SYMPTOMPMATIC PULM HISTOPLASMOSIS 4. DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS

Question 841

WHAT IS COCCIDIOMYCOSIS CAUSED FROM

Answer 841

INHALATION OF SPORES OF COCCIDIES INMITITIS WHICH IS SPHERICAL FUNGI CARRIED BY WINDBLOWN DUST PARTICLES ENDEMIC IN HOT REGIONS

Question 842

BLASTOMYCOSIS

Answer 842

OCCURS IN 1 (OR 2) OUT OF EVERY 100,000 PEOPLE CAUSED BY B. DERMATIDIIS MOST COMMON IN PREG WOMEN AND MIDDLE AGED AFRICAN MEN PRIMARY PORTAL OF ENTRY OS THE LUNGS

Question 843

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

Answer 843

CANDIDIS ALBICANS CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMATUS ASPERGILLUS

Question 844

ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLUS IS A FORM OF

Answer 844

ASTHMA

Question 845

WHO IS CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANOUS USSUALLY SEEN

Answer 845

PTS WITH HIV

Question 846

ONEUMOCYITIS ORGANISM IS WHAT TYPE OF ORGANISM

Answer 846

PROTOZOAN AND MORE RELATED TO FUNGI

Question 847

LIPOID PNEUMOCYITIS

Answer 847

CAN DEVELOP IN THE LUNGS WHEN LIPIDS ENTER THE TRACHEAL BRONCHIAL TREE COMMON CAUSES INCLUDE EXOGENOUS SOURCES SUCH AS: INHLAED NOSE DROPS WITH AN OIL BASE OR THE ACCIDENTAL INHALATION OF COSMETIC OIL THE SEVERITY OF THE ONEUMONIA DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF OIL ASPIRATED

Question 848

WHEN MINERAL OIL IS ASPIRATED IN AEROSOL FORM

Answer 848

AN INTENSE PULM TISSUE REACTION OCCURS

Question 849

WHAT IS THE RESOSONANCE DULL OR LOUD (HYPER)

Answer 849

DULL

Question 850

when a sample of arterial blood is analyzed for the presence of oxygen (Pao2) the value comes from the a. blood plasma b. leukocyte c. hemoglobin d. erythocyes

Answer 850

A. BLOOD PLASMA

Question 851

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION 1. INCREASE WITH EXERCISE 2. IS THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN USED BY THE BODY 3. IS INVERSELY RELATED T CRABONDISOXIDE 4. IS ABOUT 250 ML PER MIN IN THE RESTING ADULT

Answer 851

1, 2, 4

Question 852

WHICH IOF THE FOLLOWING VALUES IS CONSIDERED A NORMAL HGB LEVEL IN A HEALTHY ADULT A. O.OO3-1.34 MEQ/L B. 12-16 G/DL C. 96% - 100% D, 14-20 G/DL

Answer 852

B. 12-16

Question 853

A SAMPLE OF BLOOD HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM A PT PULM ARTERY . WHAT MIXED VENOUS OXYGEN SATURSATION (SV02) WOULD INDICATE THAT THE PT IS NORMAL A. 40 MMHG B. 95 MMHG C. 75% D. 97%

Answer 853

C. 75%

Question 854

POLYCYTHEMIA IS 1. A CONDITION OF TOO MANY RED BLOOD CELLS 2. A CONDITION OF TOO FEW RED BLOOD CELLS 3. CAUSED BY A LACK OF IRON IN THE DIET 4. THE BODY'S RESPONSE TO CHRONIC HYPOXEMIA

Answer 854

1, 4

Question 855

THE RT IS REVIEWING A PT EMR TO TRY TO VERIFY IF THE PT HAS TISSUE HYPOXIA. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWIN LABAORTORY VALUES IS MOST LIKELYTO CORRELATE WITH TISSUE HYPOXIA A. METABOLIC ACIDOSIS B. THROMBOCYOPNEIA C. HYPOKALEMIA D. BILLERUBEMIA

Answer 855

A. METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Question 856

A PT IS MILDLY HYPOEXEMIC. WHAT OF THE FOLLOWING SIGNS WOULD THE RT EXPECT TO FIND IN THIS PT. A. AN INCREASE IN THE T BREATHING RATE AND HR B. A DECREASE IN SYSTEMIC BP C. CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS D. ANEMIA

Answer 856

A. AN INCREASE IN PT BREATHING RATE AND HR

Question 857

YOU ARE WORKING WITH THEPHYSICIAN TO DETERMINE THE ANTIBIOYIC BESTSUITED TO TREAT YOUR PT PNEUMONIA. WHICH TEST WOULD YOU SUGGEST? A. AN EBUS EXAM B. CYTOLOGY EXAM C. BAL D. C & S TESTS

Answer 857

D. C& S

Question 858

DURING A VATS, HOW IS THE THORASCOPE INSERTED A. VIA AN ET TUBE B. THROUGH A NEEDLE INSERTED THROUGH THE CHEST WALL C. VIA AN ARETRIAL CATH D. THROUGH A SMALL INCICION IS MADE IN THE CHEST WALL

Answer 858

D. THROUGH A SMALL INSICION IS MADE IN THE CHEST WALL

Question 859

DIAGNOSTIC THORACENTISIS CAN BE USED: A. TO WITHDRAW A SCRETION SAMPLE FROM THE LUNG FOR A SPUTUM SMEAR B. WITHDRAW A SECRETION SAMPLE FROM THE LUNG FOR A GRAM STAIN C. DETERMINE THE ETIOLOGY OF A PLEURAL EFFUSION D. REMOVE AIR FROM THE PLEURAL SPACE

Answer 859

D. TO REMOVE AIR FROM TEH PLEURAL SPACE

Question 860

THE RT IS CARING FOR A PT WHO IS RECIEVING A DIEUERTIC THERAPY AS PART OF THE MEDICATION REGIMEN FOR HER CONGESTVE HEART FAILURE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD THE THERAPIST MOST LIKELY MONITOR IN WATCHING FOR COMMON SIDE EFFECTSASSOCIATED WITH DIURETIC THERPAY A.HYPOKALEMIA B. HYPERCHLOREMIA C. HYPERBILRUBEMIA D. HYPONATREMIA

Answer 860

A. HYPOKALEMIA

Question 861

AFTER A THORACENTSESIS PROCEDURE, IT IMPORTANT TO MONITOR THE PT FOR 1. BRONCHOSPASM 2. HEMOPYTSIS 3. INCREASED BUN 4. PNEUMOTHORAX

Answer 861

D. PNEUMOTHORAX

Question 862

IN A NORMAL DIFFERENTIAL WBC COUNT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD HAVE THE HIGHEST NUMBER A. NEUTROPHILS B. BASOPHILS C. EOSINPHILS D. LYMPHOCYTES

Answer 862

A. NEUTROPHILS

Question 863

A 14 Y/O PT HAS HAD A SERIOUS ASTHMA ATTACK . HER WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT CAN BE EXPECTED TO SHOW A. DECREASED NEUTROPHILS B. DECREASED RBC C. INCREASED EOSINOPHILS D, INCREASED MONOCYTES

Answer 863

C. INCREASED EOSINPHILS

Question 864

IN RESPONSE TO A VIRAL INFECTION, WHICH OF THE FOWLLOING CAN BE EXPECTED TO BE SEEN IN THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS A. INCREASED LYMPHOCYTES B. DECREASED MONOCYTES C. INCREASED EOSINOPHILS D. DECREASED PLATELETS

Answer 864

A. INCREASED LYMPHOCYTES

Question 865

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TEST WOULD SUPPORT THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE A. ALT VALUES THAT ARE LOWER THAN THE NORMAL B. BUN AND CREATININE VALUES THAT ARE HIGHER C. LDH VALUES THAT ARE HIGHER D. EOSIPILS THAT ARE HIGHER

Answer 865

B. BUN AND CREATNINE

Question 866

WHEN PERFORMING A THERAPIST DRIVEN PROTOCOL , TEH SEVERITY ASSESMMENT DETERMINES A. THE FREQUENCY OF PERFORMING A TX MODALITY B. THE BASELINE DYSPNEA INDEX C. THE NUMBER OF HOSP DAYS COVERED BY INSURANCE CARRIER D. HOW URGENTLY THE PHYSICIAN WANTS THE PT TREATED

Answer 866

A. THE FREQ OF PERFORMING A TX MODALITY

Question 867

POSTURAL DRAINAGE, PERCUSSION AND VIBRATION ARE PART OF WHAT TDP A. LUNG EXPANSION PROTOCOL B. AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERAPY PROTOCOL C. AEROLSIZED MEDICATION THERAPY PROTOCOL D. O2 THERAPY PROOCOL

Answer 867

B. AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERAPY PROTOCOL

Question 868

A FEMALE PT HAD UPPER ABDOMINAL SURGERY 2 DAYS EARLIER. HE HAS A WEAK NONPRODUCTIVE COUGH AND A PULSE OXIMETER (SPO2) READING 84% ON ROOM AIR WHICH THERAPIST DRIVEN PROTOCOLS SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED 1. AIRWAY CLEARANCE HYGIENE THERAPY 2. LUNG EXPANSION 3. O2 THERAPY 4. AEROSOLIZED MEDICATION THERAPY

Answer 868

2, 3

Question 869

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMMUNICATION TOOLS SIMPLIFIES AND REINFORCES, INTERCATIONS BETWEEN TEAM MEMBERS REGARDING OF THE PT CONDITIONS 1. POMR 2. SBAR 3. SOAPER 4. TDP

Answer 869

2. SBAR

Question 870

YOU HAVE APT RECIEVING 40% 02 VIA A NASAL CANNULA, BP PRESSURE IS 700 MMHG AND WATER VAPOR PRESSURE 45MM HG. THE PT RESP QUOTIENT IS 0.8. ABG IS: PH - 7.38 PACO2 - 40 PAO2 - 90 HCO2 - 22 CALCULATE THE PT PAO2 WITH CORRECT UNIT OF MEASURE

Answer 870

PAO2 - 211.2 MMHG

Question 871

YOUR PT SPO2 IS READING 95% ON ROOM AIR. A CBC SHOWS A HGB IS 15G/DL PAO2 IS 90 CALCULATE THE CAO2 WITH CORRECT UNITS

Answer 871

19.37 ML/DL %

Question 872

YOUR PT HAS A TIDAL VOL OF 600 ML AND A TRANSAIRWAY PRESS OF 3 CMH20 CALCULATE LUNG COMPLIANCE

Answer 872

0.2 L/CMH20

Question 873

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL LIKELY TO BE SEEN IN TEH ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS VALUES OF A PT WITH ACUTE VENT FAILURE 1. ACIDIIC PH 2. NEAR NORMAL HCO3 3. ALKLOTIC PH 4. HIGH CO2 LEVEL

Answer 873

2,3,4

Question 874

COMMON CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS ARE 1. DKA 2. SHALLOW BREATHING FROM A SEDATIVE OVERDOSE 3. LACTIC ACIDOSIS 4. RENAL FAILURE

Answer 874

1,3, 4

Question 875

WHAT ARE COMMON CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKAOSIS INCLUDE 1. RENAL FAILURE 2. VOMITING 3. EXCESSIVE BICARBONATE ADMINISTRATION 4. GASTRIC SUCTIONG

Answer 875

2, 3,4

Question 876

THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ACUTE ALVEOLAR HYPERVENTILATION IS

Answer 876

HYPOXEMIA

Question 877

PULM FUNCTIONS TESTS ARE DONE FOR WHICH FOF THE FOWLLOING MEASUREMENTS 1. CO LEVELS 2. LUNG VOL AND CAPACITIES 3. PULM DIFFUSION CPACITY 4. FORCED EXP FLOW RATES

Answer 877

2, 3, 4

Question 878

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PULM FUNCTION TEST OR STUDY REQUIRES A SPECIAL INDIRECT MEASUREMENT PROCDURE TO OBTAIN A. IRV B. RV C. ERV D. IC

Answer 878

B

Question 879

IN A HEALTHY INDIV, WHICH IS CONDIFDERED A NORMAL EXP TIME NECESARY TO PERFORM A FORCED VITAL CAPCITY

Answer 879

4 TO 6 SEC

Question 880

OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS OF PULM FUNCTION TESTS RESULTS ON A PT WITH OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DIS INCLUDE THAT THE FEV1 A. A REDUCED AND FEV1 % IS NORMAL B. AND FEV1% ARE BOTH INCREASES C. AND FEV1% ARE BOTH REDUCED D. IS INCREASED AND FEV 1% IS DECREASED

Answer 880

C

Question 881

A PHYSICIAN ASK YOU TO SUGGEST THE BEST MANEUEVER TO EVELAUATE THE FLOW IN A PT MEDIUM SIZE TOSMALL AIRWAYS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD YOUSUGGEST A. TLC B. MVV C. FEV1% D. FEF25-75%

Answer 881

D

Question 883

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE TRUE OF THE PEAK EXP FLOW RATE TEST 1. IT IS EFFORT DEPENDENT 2. IT IS TAKEN FORM THE FVC TEST RESULTS 3. IT IS TAKEN FROM THE MVV 4. IT ASSSESS LARGE UPPER AIRWAYS

Answer 883

1, 2, 3

Question 884

VITAL CAPACITY IS COMPROMISED OF WHAT LUNG VOL 1. IRV 2. TIDAL VOLME 3. ERV 4. RV

Answer 884

1, 2, 3

Question 885

TLC IS COMPRISED OF IRV TIDAL VOL ERV RV

Answer 885

IRV ERV RV

Question 886

FRV IS COMPRISED OF WHAT LUNG VOLUMES IRV TIDAL VOL ERV RV

Answer 886

ERV AND RV

Question 887

IC IS COMPROMISED OF WHAT LUNG VOL IRV TIDAL VOL ERV RV

Answer 887

IRV TIDAL VOL

Question 888

WHICH ARYTHMIAS IS THE ATRIAL RATE FASTER THAN THE VENT RATE

Answer 888

ATRIAL FIB ATRIAL FLUTTER

Question 889

THE PULMONATY ARTERY CATH (SWAN GANZ) MEASURES WHAT PRESSURE 1. R. ARTRIAL PRESSURE 2. PULM ARTERIAL PRESSURE 3. DIASTOLIC BP 4.. CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE 5. LEFT ARTERIAL PRESSURE

Answer 889

1,2 , 5

Question 890

EXTRINSIC ASTHMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH

Answer 890

A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

Question 891

A PT WITH CHRONIC INFLAMM DUE TO ASTHMA WHICH OF THE FOWLLOIN IS USED TO DESCRIBE ANATOMIC ALTERATIONS RESULTING IN DMAGED CILIA AND FIBROSIS OF THE BASEMENT LAYER

Answer 891

REMODELING

Question 892

IF A BETA 2 AGONIST AGENT AND AN ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT WERE ADMINSTERED CONCURRENTLY TO A PT DURING AN ACUTE ASTHMA EPISODE WHICH WOULD BE EXPECTED

Answer 892

BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLES RELAXTION WOULD OCCUR

Question 893

WHAT IS CONSISTENT WITH OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA

Answer 893

IGE MEDIATED ALLERGIC REACTION AND CELL MEDIATED

Question 894

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE EXPECTED WHEN A CHEST ASSESMENT IS PERFORMED ON APT DURING AN ASTHMATIC EPIDOSDE 1. INVERSE I/E RATIO 2. DECREASED VOCAL FREMITUS 3. INCREASED VESICULR BREATH SOUNDS 4. HYPERRESONANT PERCUSSION NOTE

Answer 894

2 4

Question 895

Which of the following are anatomic alterations that occur when a person has a pneumothorax? 1. The lung on the affected side collapses. 2. The visceral and parietal pleura separate. 3. The visceral pleura adheres to the parietal pleura. 4. The chest wall moves outward.

Answer 895

C) Disseminated TB

Question 896

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is particularly damaging to the lungs because of the: A) healing of a tubercle. B) formation of micropulmonary emboli. C) increased mucus production. D) irreversible bronchospasm that it causes.

Answer 896

A) healing of a tubercle.

Question 897

A patient has postprimary TB. What are the major pathologic or structural changes associated with it? 1. Cavity formation 2. Laryngeal edema 3. Dilated and distorted bronchi 4. Fibrosis of lung parenchyma

Answer 897

D) 1, 3, 4

Question 898

A patient who has an uncontrolled tuberculosis infection will show: 1. weight loss. 2. high fever. 3. bloody sputum. 4. night sweats.

Answer 898

D) 1, 3, 4

Question 899

A negative tuberculin test would be demonstrated by an induration (wheal) of what size? A) Less than 2 mm B) Less than 5 mm C) Greater than 8 mm D) Greater than 10 mm

Answer 899

B) Less than 5 mm

Question 900

Pulmonary function testing results on a patient with an advanced case of TB will display which of the following? A) Decreased RV B) Increased IRV C) Increased VC D) Increased TLC

Answer 900

DECREASEDRV