RBT Training Flashcards

1
Q

ABC

A

Antecedent, behavior, consequence. Also know as the 3 term contingency

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2
Q

Which data recording method would be best used to measure the time between when a cue was delivered and a learner responded to the cue?

A

Latency

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3
Q

Susan’s tantrums seemed to last longer with every passing day. Which data collection procedure would be the best to use to determine how long her tantrums last?

A

Duration

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4
Q

Which of the following data collection methods might be used for determining how many times a learner says “oh no!”

A

Frequency

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5
Q

What are the 3 domains of ASD?

A

Social Communication, Social interaction restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior

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6
Q

What are some red flags a child may be at risk for ASD?

A

No big smiles or other joyful expressions by 6 months of age, no babbling, back and forth sharing sounds, smiles or expressions by 9 months, lack of response to name, no back and forth gestures, no words by 16 months, no 2 word meaningful phrases by 24 months, unusual prosody

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7
Q

What is prosody

A

Little variation in pitch, unusual voice quality

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8
Q

Explain the fundamental principle of ABA

A

Scientific approach that uses the principles of learning to understand the relation of behaviors and the environment. Consequences that follow a behavior control whether that behavior will increase or decrease

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9
Q

What 2 components does a comprehensive ABA treatment program include?

A

Behavior reduction- change antecedents and consequences to decrease inappropriate behavior: stereotypes, noncompliance, tantrums, aggressions. Skill repertoire building— increase appropriate behavior management and skill acquisition

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10
Q

3 levels of BACB certification

A
  1. RBT
  2. BCABA-Board certified assistant behavior analyst
    BCBA- board certified behavior analyst
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11
Q

ABA treatment team consists of?

A

Supervisor, RBT, parents, caregivers, speech ,OT

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12
Q

Roles/ responsibilities of RBT

A

Direct implementation of acquisition and behavior reduction plans developed by the supervisor, data collection, assist with assessments

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13
Q

Two roles of the RBT in assisting with assessments

A

Provide info about clients current skill set. Assist with behavior motivation during a formal assessment. Does preference assessments.

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14
Q

Continuous measurement

A

Measuring each and every instance of behavior within the entire observation period

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15
Q

Probe data

A

Doing one trial to make sure a child can do something

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16
Q

Reinforcement

A

Presentation of a reinforcing stimulus or a removal of an aversive stimulus resulting in an increased or maintained rate of the behavior in the future

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17
Q

Intermittent reinforcement

A

Periodic reinforcement; subject does not know when reinforcement will occur for a specific behavior

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18
Q

Most powerful schedule of reinforcement

A

Intermittent reinforcement

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19
Q

Punishment

A

Presentation of an aversive stimulus or removal of a positive reinforcement as a consequence for behavior that reduces the future rate of behavior

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20
Q

Rate

A

A measure, quantity, or frequency, typically one measured against some other quantity of measure

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21
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

The presentation of a stimulus contingent on the occurrence of a behavior that results in an increase in the rate of that behavior over time

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22
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

The increase in rate or future probability of a behavior that occurs when there is a removal of a reinforcing stimulus contingent on a response

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23
Q

Negative punishment

A

The decrease in rate or future probability of a behavior that occurs when there is a removal of a reinforcing stimulus contingent on a response

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24
Q

Extinction

A

The process by which a behavior reverts to pre-reinforcement levels: the permanent removal of the reinforcing stimulus

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25
Q

Behavior

A

An act that can be clearly defined and observed

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26
Q

Dead man test

A

If a dead man can do it, it ain’t behavior and if a dead man can’t do it, then it is a behavior

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27
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Conditioning in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to is are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus

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28
Q

Discrete trial teaching

A

A method of teaching in simplified and structured steps
Instead of teaching an entire skill at once, it is broken down and built back up using trials that teach one step at a time

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29
Q

Natural environment training

A

When specific skills are worked on within the context in which they naturally occur

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30
Q

Partial interval recording

A

A procedure used to record behavior if it occurs at any point during an interval

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31
Q

Whole interval recording

A

A procedure used to record behavior only if it consistently occurred the entire time

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32
Q

Whole interval

A

Interval recording underestimates behavior

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33
Q

Partial training

A

Interval recording overestimated behavior

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34
Q

Momentary time sampling

A

A procedure that records behavior only if it occurs during the last 5 seconds of an interval

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35
Q

Continuous measurement

A

Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response classes of interest are detected during the observation period

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36
Q

Differential reinforcement

A

Reinforcing behavior in the presence of one stimulus while not reinforcing in the presence of another stimulus

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37
Q

Functions of behavior

A

Refers to the source of environmental reinforcement for behavior

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38
Q

Social attention

A

Function of behavior that is motivated by desire for attention from another person

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39
Q

Tangibles

A

Function of behavior that is motivated by the desire for an object

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40
Q

Escape or avoidance

A

Function of behavior that is motivated by desire to get away from situation

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41
Q

Stimming

A

Function of behavior that is motivated by self simulation–only purpose is as a vehicle for internal pleasure

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42
Q

Sensory stimulation

A

Function of behavior that is motivated by self stimulation- only purpose is as a vehicle for internal pleasure

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43
Q

Mand

A

Request for reinforcement

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44
Q

Tact

A

A label

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45
Q

Echoic

A

Repeating something that is heard

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46
Q

Intraverbal

A

A class of verbal operantd regulated by verbal discrimination stimuli

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47
Q

Feature Function Class (FFC)

A

Used to describe and understand objects further than just their label

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48
Q

Example of feature, function, and class

A

An apple: red, for eating, a fruit

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49
Q

Autoclitic

A

A single unit of verbal behavior that depends on other verbal behavior and changes the effect on the listener

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50
Q

Fading

A

Transferring stimulus control from one stimulus to another

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51
Q

Forward chaining

A

Teaching the first step of a behavior until it is mastered, then gradually adding

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52
Q

Backward chaining

A

Teaching the final step of behavior until it is mastered and then gradually working backward to the first step

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53
Q

Shaping

A

Differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior until the person exhibits the target behavior

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54
Q

Task analysis

A

The breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps

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55
Q

Motivational operation

A

Temporarily increases the effectiveness or values of a reinforcement. Temporarily increases the behavior that has been encouraged by that reinforcement in the past

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56
Q

Discriminate stimulus (sD)

A

A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced. (Signal that reinforcement is available)

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57
Q

S-Delta

A

A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforcement (signal that reinforcement is not available)

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58
Q

Conditioned reinforcement

A

Occurs when a stimulus reinforces set behaviors thru its association with a primary reinforcer

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59
Q

Unconditional reinforcement

A

A reinforcement that is inherent such as food

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60
Q

Abolishing operation

A

Can decrease reinforcement effectiveness. Usually associated with satiation

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61
Q

Acquisition

A

A target that is in the process of being taught

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62
Q

Antecedent interventions

A

Recognizing environmental factors that can attribute to problematic behavior and making changes necessary to promote appropriate behavior and reduce possible triggers for maladaptive

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63
Q

Antecedent

A

Events that occur before a behavior

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64
Q

Behavior intervention plan

A

Used for antecedent strategies, responding to maladaptive behavior, teaching replacement behavior and what interventions to use, both verbal and physical

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65
Q

Behavior skills training

A

Procedure consisting of instruction, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and feedback that is used to teach new behaviors or skills
Instructions, model, rehearsal, feedback

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66
Q

Behavior

A

Anything a person does that can be observed and measured
Automatic sensory
Escape or avoidance
Attention
Access

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67
Q

Automatic sensory

A

Providing self stimulation and is automatically enforced

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68
Q

Escape

A

Avoiding or escaping a demand or undesirable task

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69
Q

Attention

A

Can be socially mediated and seeks attention in any way from others

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70
Q

Access

A

Tangible, wanting a preferred item

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71
Q

Chaining

A

Used to teach multi-step skills in which steps involved are defined thru task analysis. Each separate step is taught to link together the total chain. Can be done either by backward, forward or total task analysis

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72
Q

Consequence

A

Something that follows behavior

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73
Q

Continuous measurement

A

Records every single occurrence of a behavior

74
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

The target behavior occurs and is reinforced after every occurrence

75
Q

Deprivation

A

Not having something often enough and in return increases the effectiveness of it when used as a reinforcer

76
Q

DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors)

A

Reinforce behavior incompatible with an undesirable behavior

77
Q

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors)

A

Reinforce behavior that is appropriate alternative for the undesirable behavior

78
Q

DRO ( differential reinforcement of other behaviors)

A

Reinforce any other behavior other than the undesirable behavior

79
Q

Discontinuous measurement

A

Used to measure some instances of behavior but not all
Typically associated with partial and whole interval recording and momentary time sampling

80
Q

What is discrete trial

A

Learning opportunity initiated and controlled by the teacher in which the correct response will be informed.

81
Q

Discrimination training

A

The procedure in which a behavior is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus and extinguished in the presence of another stimulus

82
Q

Dual relationship

A

Situation where multiple roles exist between a therapist and a parent or client

83
Q

Duration

A

Amount of time that someone engages in a behavior

84
Q

Echoic

A

Verbal imitation

85
Q

Error correction

A

When a client makes a mistake on a target that has been previously mastered, do not acknowledge the mistake. Represent the trial and be ready to prompt to get a correct answer

86
Q

Errorless teaching

A

Prompt the correct response as soon as you give the Sd. Essentially, you are not giving the client the chance to make a mistake

87
Q

Established operation

A

Increases the current effectiveness of a stimulus. Usually deprivation is associated with this operation

88
Q

Ethics

A

Must follow the BACBs code of ethics. Failure to follow the mandatory code of ethics can lead to job loss

89
Q

Expressive language

A

The ability to communicate. Ability to express one’s thoughts, ideas, wants and needs

90
Q

Extinction

A

Withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, resulting in reduction of that behavior

91
Q

Extinction burst

A

The increase in frequency and or intensity of behavior in early stages of extinction

92
Q

Fixed interval

A

This schedule of reinforcement is used for a set amount of time

93
Q

Fixed ratio

A

This schedule of reinforcement is used for a set amount of responses

94
Q

Forward chaining

A

Teaching skill steps one at a time from first step to the last and prompting all steps after the step being taught. Reinforcement after teaching step and at end of task

95
Q

Frequency

A

The amount of times a behavior or response happens

96
Q

Functional behavioral assessment

A

This is the process by which behavioral interventions are created. An FBA is intended to determine the function or reason of a behavior and then create an intervention based on that function

97
Q

Functional relationship

A

How a person’s behaviors change the world around him or her

98
Q

Functions of behavior

A

Used when determining why an individual engages in certain behavior

99
Q

Generalizion

A

Change occurs when that behavior occurs outside the learning environment

100
Q

HIPPA

A

Federal protection for individual health info including confidentiality, integrity and availability of protected information

101
Q

Imitation

A

Copying someone’s motor movements

102
Q

Incidental teaching

A

A teaching technique used in naturally occurring environments and can cause natural incidents of learning

103
Q

Intermittent reinforcement

A

Schedule of reinforcing some but not all desirable behavior

104
Q

Instructional control

A

Developing a history of reinforcing compliance

105
Q

Inter response time

A

The time between two responses given

106
Q

Intraverbal

A

Building blocks to conversation skills as it’s ability to discuss, describe or answer a question about something that isn’t physically present

107
Q

Latency

A

The time between when the Sd is presented and the response is given

108
Q

Listener responding

A

Following a direction given

109
Q

Listening responding feature function class (LRFFC)

A

Used to describe and receptively find an object when given the feature, function or class of that item

110
Q

Magnitude

A

Force or intensity with which a response is emitted

111
Q

Maintenance

A

The ability of a child to demonstrate previously acquired skills over time and durations when reinforcement has been faded

112
Q

Mand

A

Asking for something, a request that has motivation

113
Q

Measurement

A

Collecting data on various skills or behaviors

114
Q

Momentary time sample

A

Looking for a behaviors occurrence during a specific part of the interval and recording if it is occurring at that precise moment

115
Q

Motivating operation

A

Change in environment that increases or decreases the effectiveness of a given inforcer

116
Q

Natural learning environment

A

Naturalistic teaching is when the learner initiates a learning opportunity and the reinforcer is a result of the activity or learning opportunity

117
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removing a stimulus to incrrase/strengthen a behavior

118
Q

Operational definition

A

Definitions of behavior that are measurable, objective and obserable

119
Q

Pairing

A

Establishing yourself as a reinforcer while building positive relationship

120
Q

Partial interval recording

A

Involves checking off an interval if the behavior occurs at any point within the interval

121
Q

Permanent product

A

Tangible product or environmental outcome

122
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Adding a stimulus to strengthen/increase behavior

123
Q

Preference assessment

A

Assessment to determine what a child is motivated by

124
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Items or activied that are naturally reinforcing

125
Q

Principles of Reinforcement ((DISC)

A

Deprivation
Immediacy
Size
Contingency

126
Q

Deprivation

A

Withholding of stimulus

127
Q

Immediacy

A

How quickly a reinforcer is presented after the correct response is emitted

128
Q

Size

A

The amount of reinforcement given after a correct response is given

129
Q

Contingency

A

If, then statement is used to set the expectation for reinforcement to occur

130
Q

Prompt

A

Form of assistance that you add in order to achieve a desired response

131
Q

Prompt hierarchy

A

Expressive language hierarchy
Receptive language hierarchy

132
Q

Expressive language hierarchy

A

Full verbal, partial verbal, independent

133
Q

Receptive language hierarchy

A

Full physical, partial physical
Model, gestural, independent

134
Q

Prompt fading

A

Gradually removing prompt levels needed or fading out the intrusiveness

135
Q

Punishment

A

Anything that is added or removed after a behavior that decreases it, makes it less likely to happen again

136
Q

Positive punishment

A

A stimulus presented after a behavior occurs which decreases behavior

137
Q

Negative punishment

A

A stimulus removed after a behavior occurswwhich decreases the behavior

138
Q

Rate

A

Ratio of count per observation time

139
Q

Reactive strategies

A

Technics used in an emergency or crisis situation to gain control of dangerous, out of control behaviors

140
Q

Receptive language

A

Receptive is listener behavior and refers to tasks that require a non verbal action or motor response such as touch, imitation or pointing

141
Q

Reinforcement

A

Anything that is added or removed after a behavior that decreases it, making it less likely to happen again

142
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

A stimulus presented after a behavior occurs which increases the behavior

143
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

A stimulus removed after a behavior occurs which increases behavior

144
Q

Replacement behavior

A

A behavior you want to replace an unwanted target behavior

145
Q

Response prompt

A

Any prompt that is expressive or receptive language such as gestural, model, or verbal prompt

146
Q

Role of RBT

A

Program implementation, data collection, communicating w/stakeholders, works directly with BCBA and following written program including BIP

147
Q

Satiaton

A

When a reinforcer loses its effectiveness due to overuse

148
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

Items or activities that acquire reinforcing properties when paired with primary reinforcer

149
Q

Setting events

A

The context or circumstance in which an environment- behavior relationship occurs

150
Q

Shaping

A

The process of reinforcing gradual changes in a behavior so that the behavior begins to look like the target behavior while no longer reinforcing the previous accepted response

151
Q

Skill acquisition

A

Developing new skills or habits

152
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Reappearance of extinguished behavior after a period without reinforcing the behavior

153
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything that elicits a response followed by a consequence

154
Q

Stimulus control

A

Precedes behavior but affects the outcome

155
Q

Stimulus control transfer

A

A process in which prompts are removed in order to bring the behavior under control of the Sd is achieved by prompt fading

156
Q

Stimulus prompt

A

Stimuli that are used to help invoke correct response

157
Q

Tact

A

A form of verbal behavior where thr speaker sees, hears,smells tastes something and then comments about it

158
Q

Task analysis

A

Process of breaking a skill down into smaller, more manageable components

159
Q

Token economy

A

A method used to try and reinforce (increase) the frequency of a target behavior

160
Q

Topography

A

The physical form or shape of a behavior

161
Q

Total task chaining

A

Teaching behavior chain steps all at once. Reinforcement delivered for independence and at end of task

162
Q

Variable interval

A

This schedule of reinforcement is used for a variable amount of time

163
Q

Variable ratio

A

This schedule of reinforcement is used for a variable amount of responses

164
Q

Whole interval recording

A

Involves checking off an interval if the behavior occurs within three entirety of the interval

165
Q

Whole interval learning

A

Observation broken down into intervals, the interval is only recorded if the behavior occurs thruout the entire interval

166
Q

Rate

A

Kate’s mom frequently alters length of sessions
To adjust for this, when graphing her target behavior, you calculate the occurrences divided by time, converting data to this continuous measurement

167
Q

Latency

A

Teacher says point to desk, and 5 seconds later, the client points to the desk. This is the term that defines the 5 seconds that passed before the client pointed to the desk

168
Q

Interviews and surveys are considered this type of measurement

A

Indirect measurement

169
Q

Every time that Jayden asks for fruit, he receives fruit. What is this type of reinforcement schedule

A

What is continuous (FR1)

170
Q

Training a skill in multiple environments, with multiple exemplars and incorporating common stimuli, can lead to this

A

Generalization

171
Q

Deprivation, immediacy, size, contingency

A

Principles of reinforcement

172
Q

When implementing extinction, it is always wise to plan for this momentary increase in frequency/magnitude of the problem behavior

A

Extinction burst

173
Q

A preference assessment for an individual who does not have avid devision making skills

A

Force choice

174
Q

In this type of preference assessment, the subject is given free access to stimuli and time allocated to each stimulus is measured

A

Free operant

175
Q

Clapping, talking, screaming, flapping arms, grabbing items, smiling

A

Behavior

176
Q

Criterion for a definition

A

Objectivity, clarity, completeness, environment

177
Q

About how long should the inter-trail interval in DTT last?

A

3-5 seconds

178
Q

“What’s this” is a potential SD for this verbal operant

A

Tact

179
Q

Request for a specific. Item or activity

A

Mand

180
Q

When the learner shows an interest in a particular object and attempts to communicate a need based on that object; this is the RBT’s response as a communication partner

A

Incidental teaching