RBT mock exam Flashcards
When graphing data make sure to add…
clients name, program info, and therapist initials
What is probe data?
Doing 1 trial to make sure client can do something
What is reinforcement
presentation of a reinforcing stimulus or removal of aversive stimulus, which results in maintained/increased rate of BX in future.
what is intermittent reinforcement
periodic reinforcement , client doesn’t know when reinforcement will occur for specific BX
What is the most powerful schedule of reinforcement
intermittent reinforcement
what is punishment
presentation of aversive stimulus or removal of positive reinforcement as consequence for BX that reduces the future rate of BX
what is rate
a measure, quantity, or frequency, typically one measured against some other quantity or measure.
what is positive reinforcement
the presentation of a stimulus contingent on the occurrence of a behavior that results in an increase in the rate of that behavior over time
what is negative reinforcement
the increase in rate or future probability of a behavior that occurs when there is a removal of a reinforcing stimulus contingent on a response.
negative punishment
the decrease in rate or future probability of a behavior that occurs when there is a removal of a reinforcing stimulus contingent on a response
extinction
the process by which a behavior reverts to pre-reinforcement levels; the permanent removal of the reinforcing stimulus
behavior
an act that can be clearly defined and observed. Examples include: laughing, crying, jumping, smiling etc.
dead man test
“if a dead man can do it, it ain’t behavior, and if a dead man can’t do it, then it is behavior”
operant conditioning
conditioning in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus
DTT
a method of teaching in simplified and structured steps. Instead of teaching an entire skill at once, it is broken down and built back up using trials that teach one step at a time.
NET
when specific skills are worked on within the context in which they naturally occur.
partial interval recording
a procedure used to record behavior if it occurs at any point during an interval
whole interval recording
a procedure used to record behavior only if it consistently occurred the entire interval
___interval recording underestimates BX
whole interval
___interval recording overestimates BX
partial interval
momentary time sampling
a procedure that records behavior only if it occurs during the last 5 seconds of an interval
continuous measurement
measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period
differential reinforcement
reinforcing a behavior in the presence of one stimulus while not reinforcing in the presence of another stimulus
functions of BX
refers to the source of environmental reinforcement for behavior
social attention
function of behavior that is motivated by desire for attention from another person
tangibles
function of behavior that is motivated by desire for an object
escape or avoidance
function of behavior that is motivated by desire to get away from a situation
sensory stimulation (stimming)
function of behavior that is motivated by self stimulation –only purpose is as a vehicle for internal pleasure
mand
request for reinforcement (verbal, pointing etc)
tact
a label
echoic
repeating something that is heard
intraverbal
a class of verbal operants regulated by verbal discriminative stimuli
feature function class (FFC)
used to describe and understand objects further than just their label.
ex of a feature, function, and class (use example of an apple)
red, for eating, is a fruit
autoclitic
a single unit of verbal behavior (a verbal operant) that depends on other verbal behavior and changes the effect on a listener
fading
transferring stimulus control from one stimulus to another
forward chaining
teaching the first step of a behavior until it is mastered, then gradually adding (1 and 2, 1 and 2 and 3, so on and so forth)
backward chaining
teaching the final step of a behavior until it is mastered, and then gradually working backward to the first step
shaping
differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior until the person exhibits the target behavior
task analysis
the breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps
motivational operation (MO)
temporarily increases the effectiveness or values of a reinforcer. temporarily increases the behavior that has been encouraged by that reinforcer in the past
discriminative stimulus (SD)
a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced. (signal that reinforcement is available)
S-delta
a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced. (signal that reinforcement is not available)
conditioned reinforcement
occurs when a stimulus reinforces set behaviors through its association with a primary reinforcer
unconditioned reinforcement
a reinforcement that is inherent, such as food
preference assessments
evaluation of child’s interests, so that they can be used as reinforcers in the future
permanent product recording
the teacher observes the product of a student’s behavior and not the behavior itself; the most frequently used method of recording behavior in the classroom
frequency
number of behavior instances over time, often used when things do not happen often, like # of tantrums per session
duration
the amount of time in which something occurs
count
a simple tally of the number of occurrences of a behavior
social validity
refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced
latency
“response ___” duration between the delivery of a stimulus and the response
mastery
performing skills at high, successful levels
generalization of skills
must occur across various settings, people and stimuli as well as over time. This is a crucial component of skill acquisition
maintenance
the endurance of a behavior after the intervention has been removed
schedule of reinforcement
a schedule for the delivery of reinforcers for the purpose of increasing or maintaining behavior
variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
reinforcement of variables on a random schedule; the last response in an average number of responses will result in reinforcement
variable interval schedule of reinforcement
reinforcement of the first response after an average amount of time has elapsed
continuous reinforcement
a reinforcer follows each response
fixed ratio
a response-based schedule of reinforcement that delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses are made
fixed interval
schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a fixed interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement
fixed time
a schedule of reinforcement that is delivered at a certain time, consistently - irrespective of good/bad behavior
stimulus discrimination
any event in the presence of which a target behavior is likely to have consequences that affect its frequency
prompting
the procedure of providing antecedents that provoke a target behavior
prompting hierarchy
the so-called “pyramid” of the various levels of prompting.
prompting levels from least to most
a natural cue, a gesture, a verbal prompt, visual, model, and physical contact, either partial or full
incidental teaching
creating opportunities that increase child’s motivation to learn something, within the natural environment
task analyzed chaining procedures
used to break complex tasks into a sequence of smaller steps or actions
