RBT Exam Flashcards
What is Data Collection?
Recording information on behaviors we want to decrease or increase.
Examples of behaviors include aggression, requests, reading, etc.
What are Cumulative Records?
A graphic record used in operant experiments that emphasizes the rate of performance or its frequency.
Define Continuous Measurement.
Records every possible behavioral occurrence.
What is Frequency in measurement?
Cycles per unit time, or a count divided by the time during which it occurred.
What does Duration measure?
The total time that the behavior occurs.
What is Rate?
The number of times something occurs within a specified time period.
Define Latency.
The time between the SD and the response
What is Inter Response Time (IRT)?
The amount of time between behaviors or responses
What is Discontinuous Measurement?
Whole interval, partial interval, whole time sampling.
What is Partial Interval Recording?
Record whether the behavior happened at any time during the interval.
What does Whole Interval Recording entail?
At the end of each interval, it is recorded if the behavior happened during the whole interval.
Define Momentary Time Sampling.
Looking up immediately at pre-designated points to see if the behavior is occurring at that moment.
What is a Permanent Product?
The real or concrete objects or outcomes that result from a behavior.
What does an Accelerating Trend indicate?
Overall increase in responding, reflected by increased values on the Y axis of a graph.
Define Validity in measurement.
Directly relevant to what is being measured and to the reasons for measuring it.
What is Reliability?
Observers are consistently applying a valid and accurate system.
What does the x-axis of a graph represent?
Time.
What is Response Definition?
Refers to environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest.
Define Topography in the context of behavior.
What the behavior looks like.
What are Preference Assessments?
Structured methods to identify highly preferred items or actions that can be used as reinforcers.
What is a Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) Preference Assessment?
Generates a ranked order list of preferences for a specific individual.
Describe a Free Operant (FO) Preference Assessment.
A brief assessment involving free access to various stimuli, recording duration of engagement.
What is a Paired Choice (PC) Preference Assessment?
The teacher places two items in front of the child, allowing selection, and then presents another trial.
What is a Social Skills Assessment?
Identifies skills that will be the direct target of the intervention and monitors outcomes.
What is Curriculum Based Assessment?
Arranges skills in a logical order building off of previously taught skills
What is Developmental Assessment?
Arranges skills in the order they are learned in a Childs life
Define Functional Analysis.
Used to identify the environmental context in which aberrant behavior is likely and unlikely to occur.
List the 5 phases of functional assessment.
- Screening and general disposition
- Defining and quantifying problems
- Pinpointing target behaviors
- Monitoring progress
- Following up
What is a Fixed Ratio reinforcement schedule?
Reinforcement delivered after a constant number of correct responses.
Define Fixed Interval reinforcement schedule.
The first behavior is reinforced after a specific amount of time has passed.
What is Variable Ratio reinforcement?
An average number of behaviors must occur before reinforcement is provided.
Define Variable Interval reinforcement.
A response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed.
What is a Skill Acquisition Plan?
A written plan developed by the Behavior Analyst containing information about behavior programming for teaching skills.
What are the essential components of a Skill Acquisition Plan?
- Materials
- Long Term Goal
- Short Term Goal
- Learn Unit
- Response Definition
- Antecedent
- Consequence
What is Verbal Behavior?
A method of teaching language focusing on the meaning of words found in their functions.
Define Tact.
A form of verbal behavior where the speaker comments on something they see, hear, smell, or taste.
What is a Mand?
A request for something wanted or needed.
Define Echoic.
A form of verbal behavior where the speaker repeats the same sound or word said by another person.
What is Intraverbal behavior?
A form of verbal behavior where the speaker responds to another’s verbal behavior.
What do the ABCs stand for in behavior analysis?
- Antecedent
- Behavior
- Consequence
What is Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (INT)?
Reinforcement delivered only some of the time the target behavior is displayed.
What is Continuous Reinforcement Schedule (CRF)?
Reinforcement delivered each time the target behavior is displayed.
Define Discrete Trial Training (DTT).
A method of teaching in simplified and structured steps, breaking down skills into discrete trials.
What is Incidental Teaching (IT)?
A strategy to provide structured learning opportunities in the natural environment using the child’s interests.
What is Task Analysis?
The process of breaking a skill down into smaller, more manageable components.
Define Total/Whole Task Teaching.
Completing the entire sequence of a task and receiving reinforcement at the end.
What is Forward Chaining?
The child learns to complete the first step of a task independently, with prompts for subsequent steps.
What is Backwards Chaining?
Starting with the last step of a task analysis and fading prompts for preceding steps.
What is Discrimination Training?
Reinforcing a behavior in the presence of one stimulus but not others.
What is Stimulus Control Transfer?
Techniques in which prompts are discontinued once the target behavior is displayed in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.
Define Prompting.
Providing assistance or cues to encourage the use of a specific skill.
What is Prompt Fading?
The process of systematically reducing and removing prompts that have been paired with an instruction.
What does Satiation refer to?
Having too much of a reinforcer, leading to a loss of its reinforcing value.
Define Deprivation.
An establishing operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
What is Generalization?
The ability for a student to perform a skill under different conditions and continue to exhibit that skill over time.
What is Maintenance in skill acquisition?
Being able to keep a skill over time after it is no longer targeted in treatment.
Define Shaping.
A process used in teaching where a behavior is gradually taught by reinforcing successive approximations.
What is a Token Economy?
A system of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior with tokens.
What are Operational definitions of target behaviors?
Describes what the behavior looks like in an observable, measurable, and repeatable way.
What are Replacement behaviors?
Behaviors you want to teach to replace an unwanted target behavior.
What are Common Functions of a Behavior?
- Tangible
- Escape
- Attention
- Sensory Stimulation
- Social Positive
- Social Negative
- Automatic Positive
- Automatic Negative
What is the function of Tangible behavior?
Reinforced by gaining access to something physical.
Define Escape behavior.
Behavior that is reinforced by getting out of an aversive situation.
What does Attention behavior refer to?
Behaving to get focused attention from others.
What is the purpose of attention-seeking behavior in individuals?
To get focused attention from parents, teachers, siblings, peers, or others around them.
Example: A child may whine until a parent attends to them.
Define Social Positive reinforcement.
Getting attention or access to something.
What is Automatic Positive reinforcement?
Stimulating the senses without social attention.
What does Automatic Negative reinforcement refer to?
Attenuating pain without social attention.
What are Antecedent Interventions?
Altering the environment before the behavior occurs to prevent it.
What is the difference between Conditioned and Unconditioned Reinforcement?
Conditioned reinforcement is learned through association with a primary reinforcer, while unconditioned reinforcement does not need to be learned.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior to increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Removal of an aversive stimulus after a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
Define Punishment in behavior analysis.
An event that decreases the chances of a behavior happening again.
What is Differential Reinforcement?
Reinforcing only the appropriate response and applying extinction to all other responses.
What does Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) involve?
Reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)?
Reinforcement of behaviors that serve as alternatives to problem behavior.
What is Extinction in behavior analysis?
Discontinuing reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior.
What is an Extinction Burst?
A temporary increase in the rate and intensity of a behavior when extinction is first used.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
The reappearance of a behavior after it has decreased or stopped during extinction.
What are Motivating Operations?
Environmental variables that alter the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer.
Define Discriminative Stimulus (SD).
A specific environmental event or condition that elicits a particular behavior.
What is S-delta (SΔ)?
Stimulus in the presence of which the behavior is not reinforced.
What is the Role of RBTs in the Service-Delivery System?
Direct implementation of skill-acquisition and behavior-reduction plans developed by the supervisor.
What should RBTs do when ABA concepts are unclear?
Ask the supervisor for advice and additional training.
What is the SOAP note format used for?
Generating objective session notes for service verification.
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
What is Positive Punishment?
Adding something after the behavior occurs that decreases the behavior.
What is Negative Punishment?
Removing a reinforcing stimulus after an undesired behavior to reduce its occurrence.
What are Establishing Operations (EO)?
Environmental factors that increase the effectiveness of a stimulus as reinforcement.
What are Abolishing Operations (AO)?
Environmental factors that decrease the effectiveness of a stimulus as reinforcement.
What is the importance of maintaining client dignity?
To ensure informed consent, timely access to care, and confidentiality protections.
What should RBTs avoid to maintain professional boundaries?
- Dual relationships
- Conflict of interest
- Social media contacts
What is the responsibility of RBTs regarding client communication?
To implement the clinical program as specified by the supervisor without discussing other topics.
What is the significance of accepting feedback for RBTs?
It ensures awareness of areas for improvement and areas of excellence.
