RBT EXAM Flashcards
Positive Reinforcement
Following a behavior, something is added that INCREASES or maintains the future frequency of that behavior occurring agin in the future.
Negative Reinforcement
Following a behavior, something is immediately removed/withdrawn that INCREASES or maintains the future frequency of the behavior occurring again in the future.
Automatic Reinforcement
Engaging in a behavior that feels good to the client , they aren’t looking for attention or to escape. This also occurs when the client is alone.
DRO ( Differential Reinforcement for Other Behaviors)
Providing reinforcement when the client engaged in any other behavior OTHER than the target behavior / problem behavior.
DRA ( Differential Reinforcement For Alternative Behaviors)
Providing reinforcement when the client engages in a alternative or replacement behavior for that target behavior / problem behavior.
DRI ( Differential Reinforcement For Incompatible Behaviors)
Providing reinforcement when the client engages in an behavior that is incompatible to the target / problem behavior.
Positive Punishment
Following a behavior, something is added that DECREASES the future frequency of that behavior occurring again in the future.
Negative Punishment
Following a behavior, something is immediately withdrawn or removed that DECREASES the future frequency of the behavior occurring again in the future.
Operant conditioning
Learning through our consequences, the consequences following a behavior control wether that behavior increases or decreases
Behavior
Anything a person says or does
Topography
The form or shape of a behavior. What a behavior loos like.
Function ( 4 most common functions of behavior)
Attention, Access to tangibles, Escape, Automatic Reinforcement
Motivating operations
What momentarily alters the value of a reinforcer
Extinction
No longer reinforcing a behavior that was previously reinforced, upon this an extinction burst may happen which is a higher intensity of behaviors once this is first implemented
Discriminative stimulus “SD”
Something that signals reinforcement is available, upon the presentation of a SD a response occurs. In the absence of an SD a response does not occur
Stimulus Control
When a behavior occurs more in the presence of an SD ( person, place or thing)
Stimulus Control Transfer
The process of transferring stimulus control to more naturally occurring situations
Fading
Systematically reducing the type of prompting you are providing
Shaping
Reinforcing different approximations until the target skill being taught has been reached
Chaining
Instructional procedure that reinforces individual responses in sequences. Forming complex behavior
Forward Chaining
Starting with the first step of a behavior chain and ending with the last step
Backwards Chaining
Staring with the last step of a behavior chain and ending with the first step.
Total Task Chaining
The trainer provides the learner with prompts through all steps of the behavior chain, eventually fading so the learner can complete the behavior chain independently.
Task Analysis
The product of breaking down a skill/ behavior/ task into different components.
Generalization
When a behavior continues to occur across different stimuli, settings and people
Verbal Behavior
Behavior that is socially mediated meaning there is a listener and a responder. Verbal behavior can include vocal behavior and non-vocal behavior
Verbal Operant
Mand, Echoic, Tact and Intraverbal
Intraverbal
Responding to someone else verbal behavior
Echoic
Repeating what someone else says
Mand
Demand or request
Tact
Labeling
Continuous Measurement
Data is collected every instance of behavior is tracked. You track every instance of the behavior
Frequency
The number of times a behavior occurs
Duration
The length of the behavior when it occurs
Rate
The amount of times a behavior occurs within a specific time period
Discontinuous Measurement
Where every instance of the behavior is not tracked
Whole Interval Recording
A time sampling method to measure behavior in observation periods that is broken down into intervals ( 5-15 seconds ) at the end of the internal the recorder only records if the behavior occurred through the ENTIRE interval
Partial Interval Recording
Time sampling method to measure behaviors in which it is broken down into intervals 5-10 seconds and the recorder only records if the behavior happened at any point of the interval.
Momentary Time Sample
A measurement method in which the presence or absence of a behavior is recorded at a precise specified time
Functional assessment
Discovers why the person acts the way they do
NET
A protocol of instructions that is provided in the context of a natural environment. You can’t set up multiple trials like DTT.
Conditioned Reinforcement
Teaching the client to like things that were not previously reinforcing, but through paring that something that was not fun now is fun / reinforcing
Unconditioned Reinforcement
Something that is reinforced that was not learned. Basic needs aka food, water, sleep e.t.c
Continuous Reinforcement
When a individual’s behavior is reinforced when a particular behavior occurs. This should be used during initial learning stages and later for strengthening of behaviors.
Intermittent Reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement where some occurrences of that behavior will be reinforced and other occurrences of that same behavior will not be reinforced.
Fixed Ratio
After a FIXED amount of responses/trials reinforcement Is given
Variable Ratio
After an AVERAGE number of responses reinforcement is given
Fixed Interval
After a FIXED amount of TIME reinforcement is given
Variable Interval
After a AVERAGE amount of TIME reinforcement is given.
