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Hema1 > RBC membrane Structure > Flashcards

RBC membrane Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Average volume of RBC

A

90 fL (range: 80-100 fL)

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2
Q

Average surface area of RBC

A

140 μm2

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3
Q

________________of RBCs facilitates its oxygen-carbon dioxide transport function.

A

Biconcave disc shape of RBCs

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4
Q

allows RBCs to adjust to small vessels in the microvasculature and still maintain a constant surface area: volume ratio

A

Deformability

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5
Q

RBC deformability depends on:

A
  1. RBC geometry
  2. Relative cytoplasmic (hemoglobin) viscosity
  3. Membrane elasticity (pliancy)
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6
Q

Normal erythrocyte Hgb concentration has a _______ viscosity (fluid)

A

low

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7
Q

↓ water and hemoglobin (precipitated, polymerized, or crystallized) →

A

Less deformable which leads to cell lysis

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8
Q

Precipitated hemoglobin leads to the formation of

A

Heinz bodies

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9
Q

Polymerized hemoglobin leads to the formation of

A

Hemoglobin S

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10
Q

Crystallized hemoglobin leads to the formation of

A

Hemoglobin C

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11
Q

Changes in the surface area to volume ratio causes?

A

RBC fragmentation and lysis

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12
Q

Fragmentation is due to?

A

The decrease in surface area

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13
Q

Lysis is due to?

A

The increase in cell volume

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14
Q

3 basic functions of the RBC membrane

A
  1. Regulates osmotic pressure
  2. Regulates cation concentration
  3. Regulates gas concentrations
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15
Q

Percentage of lipids

A

40%

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16
Q

Predominant in lipids

A

phospholipids and cholesterol

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17
Q

Arranged in a double layer called lipid bilayer leaflet |provides membrane fluidity

A

Phospholipids

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18
Q

Predominant in external surface of Phospholipids

A

phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin (with 5% glycolipid)

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19
Q

sugar-bearing lipids
support carbohydrate side chains
anchors glycocalyx
bears blood group antigens

A

Glycolipid

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20
Q

Predominant in the internal surface of phospholipids

A

phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine

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21
Q

regulates membrane fluidity and membrane permeability
maintains surface area:volume ratio

A

Cholesterol

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22
Q

Charac of cholesterol

A

Esterified
Hydrophobic
Equally distributed between the outer and inner layer
evenly distributed within each layer

23
Q

Cholesterol content depends on

A

plasma cholesterol, bile acids, activity of LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)

24
Q

Abnormal L/S ratio

A

Acanthocyte

25
↑ cholesterol, phospholipids
Codocyte
26
↓ cholesterol
Ovalocyte
27
Cholesterol confers tensile strength to the lipid bilayer
↑ cholesterol → ↑ membrane strength → ↓ elasticity
28
Percentage of carbohydrates
8%
29
🖝 layer of carbohydrates whose net negative charge prevents microbial attack and protects the RBC from mechanical damage 🖝 surface carbohydrates joined with glycolipids
Glycocalyx
30
Percentage of proteins
52%
31
contains sialic acid which gives RBCs a negative charge
Integral Proteins/Transmembrane Proteins
32
Functions of Integral Proteins/Transmembrane Proteins
Transport site Adhesion site Signaling receptors
33
principal integral CHON
Band 3
34
2 macromolecular complexes of integral proteins:
Ankyrin complex Protein 4.1 complex/Actin junctional complex
35
Major components of ankyrin complex
Band 3 multimers Protein 4.2
36
Major components of Protein 4.1 complex/Actin junctional complex
Band 3 dimers Protein 4.2 Adducin
37
Other transmembrane CHONs
Aquaporin 1 Glut-1 glycophorins Na+, K+-ATPase Ca+2- ATPase blood group antigen ICAM-4
38
🞍 Prevents loss of lipid bilayer 🞍 Provides membrane structural integrity
Integral CHONs + peripheral CHONs
39
principal cytoskeletal CHONs
a-spectrin and β-spectrin
40
Other cytoskeletal CHONs
F-actin (band 5) adducin ankyri dematin tropomodulin tropomyosin
41
Functions of Peripheral Proteins/Cytoskeletal Proteins
Spectrin stabilization Membrane deformation
42
RBC membrane is impermeable to
• Na+ • K+ • Ca2+
43
RBC membrane is permeable to
• H2O • HCO3- • Cl-
44
Transmembrane protein; water transporter
Aquaporin 1
45
What happens when there is a decrease of Aquaporin 1
Hereditary spherocytosis
46
Intracellular (Na: K ratio)
1:12
47
Extracellular (Na: K ratio)
25:1
48
controls active transport of sodium & potassium
Na+, K+ - ATPase
49
↑ Na → water enters the cell →
Cell lysis
50
↑ K →
Cell shrinkage
51
maintains low intracellular Ca2+ levels (5-10 µmol/L)
Ca2+ - ATPase
52
controls the function of Ca2+ - ATPase
Calmodulin
53
↑ Ca → ↓ membrane stability cell →
cell becomes less deformable
54
Colloid Osmotic Hemolysis:
ATP loss or Pump damage → Na+, Ca2+ influx → water enters the cell → swelling (spheroid) → rupture

Hema1 (3 decks)

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