RBC (Hematopoiesis, CBC) Flashcards
What is a marker of hematopoietic stem cells?
CD34, not unique to HSC
What cytokine is important for driving stem cell differentiation into myeloid vs lymphoid lineages?
IL3 –> lymphoid
IL3 + stem cell factor –> myeloid
Where is hematopoietic marrow confined to in the adult?
axial skeleton
What is extramedullary hematopoiesis?
when the liver/spleen becomes a site of hematopoiesis; occurs in times of increased need
What is frontal bossing?
occurs in b-thalassemia patients, where mutations in Hb genes causes the premature death of RBCs, which causes the bones in the rest of the body to rev up hematopoiesis.
How do the sites of hematopoiesis change throughout development?
Yolk Sac Aortic wall Liver Spleen Bone marrow
Why did the first human transplants fail? How was the problem solved?
due to GVHD
solved with immunosuppressive drugs, which decreased the risk of GVHD
What 3 vitamins are required for RBC production?
Iron
Folate
Vitamin B12
What does a R shift in the hemoglobin curve indicate? What causes it?
decreased affinity of Hb for O2 –> facilitates unloading
decrease pH
increase DPG
increase temp
What is MCV?
What do low values indicate? high values?
Mean Corpuscular volume - measure of avg volume of RBCs
low: microcytic
high: macrocytic
What is MCH?
What do low values indicate? high values?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin - average mass of Hb
low: iron deficiency, globin deficiency (thalassemia); hypochromic RBC
high: macrocytosis; hyperchromic RBC
What is MCHC?
What do low values indicate? high values?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration - avg concentration of Hb in red blood cells
low: iron deficiency; globin deficiency (thalassemia); hypochromic RBC
high: hereditary spherocytosis, hemolytic anemia
hyperchromic RBC
What is RDW?
What do low values indicate? high values?
Red cell Distribution Width
low: normal
high: anisocytosis/increased variability
What is RPI?
What do low values indicate? high values?
reticulocyte production index
low (2): adequate response
What is polychromasia?
presence of high # of reticulocytes in the blood as a result of premature release from the bone marrow. Cells are slightly larger, bluish gray center with less central pallor.
