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HEMATOLOGY > RBC disorder > Flashcards

RBC disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Major division
1. Vit B12 deficiency
2. folic acid deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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2
Q

decrease amount of cells in all cell lines

A

Pancytopenia

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3
Q

function: ileum

A

absorption

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4
Q

function: adenosylcobalamin

A

liver, storage

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5
Q

function: castle’s factor

A

intrinsic factor

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6
Q

function: methylcobalamin

A

plasma

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7
Q

function: transcobalamin

A

transporter

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8
Q

only vitamin synthesized by microorganism

A

cobalamin

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9
Q

caused by D. latum

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

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10
Q

associated with pernicious anemia

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

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11
Q

associated with hypochlorhydria

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

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12
Q

other name of pernicious anemia

A

addison’s anemia or atrophy gastritis

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13
Q

pernicious anemia produces a yellow lemon color of the skin and has been called as

A

megaloblastic madness

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14
Q

caused by failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete intrinsic factor

A

pernicious anemia

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15
Q

intrinsic factor is present or low at number to facilitate the absorption of cobalamin

A

pernicious anemia

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15
Q

intrinsic factor is present or low at number to facilitate the absorption of cobalamin

A
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16
Q

there is a problem in the absorption of cobalamin but the intrinsic factor is normal

A

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome

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17
Q

Diagnosis of Cobalamin deficiency (4)

A
  1. schilling test
  2. serum cobalamin assay
  3. methylmalonic acid and homocysteine assays
  4. deoxyuridine suppression test
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18
Q

what is absorbed in the jejunum

A

folate

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19
Q

how is folate deficiency corrected

A

taking vitamin B12 supplementation

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20
Q

folate acid deficiency causes

A
  1. chronic alcoholics
  2. poor dietary
  3. pregnancy
  4. steatorrhea
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21
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency = __ B12, __ serum folate, __ red cell folate

A

↓ B12, NORMAL serum folate, ↓ red cell folate

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22
Q

Folic acid deficiency = __ B12, __ serum folate, __ red cell folate

A

NORMAL B12, ↓ serum folate, ↓ red cell folate

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23
Q

deficiency of both folic and vitamin b12 deficiency = ?

A

everything is low

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24
Q

manifest macro-ovalocytes and giant hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia

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25
Q

autosomally rcessive inherited defect

A

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrom

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26
Q

“shift reticulocyte”

A

non-megaloblastic anemia

27
Q

(type of macrocyte)
seen in folic acid deficiency, vit b12 deficiency, pernicious anemia

A

oval macrocyte

28
Q

(type of macrocyte)
seen in alcoholism, hypothyroidism, and liver disease

A

round hypochromic macrocyte

29
Q

(type of macrocyte)
seen in neonate response to anemic stress, response to anemic stress

A

blue-tinged macrocyte

29
Q

(type of macrocyte)
seen in neonate response to anemic stress, response to anemic stress

A

blue-tinged macrocyte

30
Q

marrow replacement by involvement with abnormal cells or tissue components

A

myelophthisic anemia

31
Q

associated with normochromic and normocytic, increased NRBC

A

myelophthisic anemia

32
Q

bone marrow does not produce any blood cells

A

aplastic anemia

33
Q

associated with pancytopenia, macrocytosis, increase RDW, chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anemia

34
Q

medication that commonly cause aplastic anemia

A

chloramphenicol

35
Q

inherited aplastic anemia, automal recessive, increased level of Hgb F and i antigen

A

Fanconi’s anemia

36
Q

associated with parvo virus B19 infection, scattered GIANT pronormoblast in bone marrow, not aplastic anemia

A

Transient aplastic crises

37
Q

not aplastic anemia, but pure red cell aplasia

A

Transient aplastic crises

38
Q

congenital red cell aplasia

A

diamond blackfan anemia

39
Q

there is pancytopenia wherein all the cell lines are affected

A

Fanconi’s anemia

40
Q

only the red cells are affected

A

diamond blackfan anemia

41
Q

blood lost over a short time

A

acute posthemorrhagic anemia

42
Q

blood lost in small amounts over a extended t time

A

chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

43
Q

increase red blood cell destruction

A

hemolytic anemia

44
Q
  1. patient’s rbc would not survive when transfused to normal patient
  2. defect of rbc itself
  3. membrane, metabolic, and hemoglobin defects
A

intrinsic hemolytic anemia

45
Q
  1. life span of rbc decrease, if transfused into the patient
  2. acquired
A

extrinsic hemolytic anemia

46
Q
  1. hemoglobinemia
  2. methemalbuminemia
  3. hemoglobnuria
  4. hemosiderinuria
  5. ↑ LDH
A

INTRAVASCULAR

47
Q
  1. hemoglobinemia
  2. hemoglobnuria
  3. ↑ urine/fecal urobilinogen
  4. ↑ blood carboxyhemoglobin level
  5. ↑ indirect-reacting serum
A

EXTRAVASCULAR

48
Q

80-90% of most red cell destruction happens in

A

extravascular

49
Q

site of destruction of erythrocyte (intravascular)

A

within blood cell

50
Q

site of destruction of erythrocyte (extravascular)

A

spleen or liver

51
Q

mechanism (intravascular)

A

activation of complement lgM of lgG

52
Q

mechanism (extravascular)

A

cell-mediated phagocytosis of lgM or lgG-coated cells

53
Q

laboratory findings (intravascular)

A
  1. hemoglobinuria direct antiglobulin test
  2. hemosidenuria
54
Q

laboratory findings (extravascular)

A
  1. postive direct antiglobulin test
  2. erythrocytes
55
Q
  1. most prevalent hereditary hemolytic anemia (northern european descent)
  2. deficiency of key membrane protein: SPECTRIN
  3. increased osmotic fragility
A

hereditary spherocytosis

56
Q

hyperpermeable to sodium, increasing osmotic fragility

A

spherocytosis

57
Q
  1. horizontal defect
  2. weakening of membrane skeleton
  3. southeast asian ovalocytosis
A

hereditary elliptocytosis

58
Q

red cell fragment at 45°C to 46°C

A

hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

59
Q
  1. well-defined BAND 3 molecular deletion
  2. increased resistance to malaria
  3. malenasian and malayan population
A

southeast asian ovalocytes

60
Q

thinner variant of elliptocytes or ovalocytes

A

pencil cells/oat cells

61
Q

red cell dehydration due to loss of cation, predominantly K+ and water

A

hereditary stomacytosis

62
Q
  1. increased surface-to-volume ratio leading to moderate to severe anemia
  2. decrease osmotic fragility
A

xerocytosis

62
Q
  1. increased surface-to-volume ratio leading to moderate to severe anemia
  2. decrease osmotic fragility
A

hereditary xerocytosis

63
Q
  1. increased surface-to-volume ratio leading to moderate to severe anemia
  2. decrease osmotic fragility
A

HEMATOLOGY (2 decks)

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