RBC ANOMALIES & PATHWAYS Flashcards
conditions with high rbc count
polycythemia vera cardiovascular heart disease lung disease dehydration acute poisoning high altitude
erythrocyte count, hg and hematocrit are SLIGHTLY lower in 3 significant situations
after age of 50
in recumbency
after meals
non oxidative that handles 90% utilization of glucose in rbcs
embden meyerhof pathway
converts methemoglobin to hgb
methemoglobin reductase
normal values for female
4.5-5.5 million/ cu mm
rbcs with single elongated point/tail
teardrop cells
necessary for the production of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
luebering rapoport pathway
rbc count for newborn
5.7 million/ cu mm
also known as phosphogluconate pathway
hexose monophosphate shunt
end result for EM pathway
2 atps
normal values of rbcs for male (conventional and SI)
5.5-6.5 million/cu. mm; x10 12/L
HM shunt depends on what enzyme
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
converts NADP to NADPH
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
inclusion produced when there is a defect in the pathway (g6pd deficiency)
heinz bodies
variation in shape
poikilocytosis
conditions with lower rbc count
anemia
hemorrhage
oligocythemia
enzyme needed for the production of 2,3-DPG
phosphofructokinase
present in dehydration and azotemia
echinocytes
low 2,3-dpg
high oxgyen affinity
deoxyhemoglobin/ tensed form
pathway which maintains the iron in hb in its reduced state
methemoglobin reductase pathway
can be seen in pk deficiency, uremia, cancer of the stomach, acute blood loss
burr cells
rbs with regularly spiculated surface rounded at the tip
echinocytes
intrinisic abnormality of red cell
schistocytes
projections of the spicule is more rounded than echinocytes
burr cells
in 3D, they are cup-shaped
stomatocytes
other name for dacrocytes
teardrop cells
have 2 small areas of central pallor separated by a band of hb
knizocyte
abnormality which is associated with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia
teardrop cells
other name for ovalocytes
elliptocytes
results from red cell fragmentation which may be caused by mechanical damge, exposure to heat and toxix substances
microspherocytes
seen in MAHA
schistocyte
due to polimerization of Abnormal hb-hbs
sickle cells
only inclusion bodies which is visible in wet prep
howell jolly bodies
elongated rbc with slit-like central pallor
stomatocytes
variation in cell size
anisocytosis
ellipse, cigar-shaped rbc
elliptocytes
can be seen in abetalipoproteinemia, alcoholic cirrhosis, splenectomy, mcleod syndrome
acanthocyte
destruction in which rbc lyses in blood vessels due to traumatic causes
intravascular hemolysis
low oygen affinity
high 2,3-dpg
oxyhemoglobin/ relaxed form
other name for codocytes
target cell
feature of megaloblastic anemia
macro ovalocyte
resemble a pinched bottle
knizocyte
not visible in supravital stains
cabot rings
4 peripheral membrane proteins
spectrin
ankyrin
band 4.1
actin
3 problems for patients with sickle cell disease
vasooclusive,hematological and infection crises
band 3 contains ____ which gives the (-) charge taht causes distance bet rbcs
sialic acid
rings that are probably microtubules remaining from mitotic spindle
cabot rings
abnormality in the membrane proteins
spherocytes
cells seen in acute, severely hemolytic anemia, g6pd deficiency and hereditary lipoprotein deficiency
pyknocytes
may be seen in lead poisoning or with impaired hb synthesisin megaloblastic anemia
coarse stippling
stain used for proteins
coomasie blue
% for proteins
52%
smooth round remnants of dna
howell jolly bodies
proteins are extracted by powerful detergents
sodium dodecyl sulphate
proteins which is loosely connected with the membrane
peripheral protein
what are the supravital stains
new methylen blue
brilliant cresyl blue
resemble a stack of coins
rouleaux formation
commonly seen when there is increased polychromatophilia
fine stippling
% of Lipids
40%
positive using feulcen stain
howell jolly bodies
2 inclusion bodies which is composed of rna
basophilic stippling
reticulum of reticulocyte
angular blue dots and represent ferric ions
howell jolly bodies
not visible in wright stain
siderotic granules
seen in severe liver disease, alcoholism, rh null disease
stomatocyte
horn shaped cell
keratocyte
rbc with high MCHC
spherocytes
rbc which results from squeezing and fragmentation during splenic passage
teardrop cells
2 inclusion bodies which is + in prussian blue
pappenhempimer bodies
siderotic granules
protein which penetrates the phospholipd bilayer
integral protein
principal integral protein
band 3
HE which includes hereditary pyropoikilocytosis with elliptocytes that may be rod shaped
common HE
enzyme which controls the esterification of plasma cholesterol
LCAT
what does LCAT mean
lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
diagnostic implications for target cells
chronic liver disease
thalassemia
hemoglobinopathies
size of normocyte
7-8 um
destruction due to rupture of cell membrane
extravascular destruction
other name for crenated cell
echinocytes
% of CHO
8%
clumping of red cells
agglutination
causd by excess of red cell membrane relative to the hgb content of the cell
target cell
female have lower lower RBC count than men due to what hormone
estrogen
enzyme which maintains the EM pathway
pyruvate kinase
seen in hemoglobinopathies
target cell
spicules resembling 2 horns, result from a ruptured vacuole
keratocyte
other name for drepanocyte
sickle cell
mature red blood cells
erythrocytes
anaerobic metabolism of glucose
embden meyerhof pathway
seen in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
macro ovalocytes
RBCs with irregularly spiculated surface
acanthocyte
regularly spiculated surface
burr cells
other name for erythrocytes
discocytes
