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RBC > RBC > Flashcards

RBC Flashcards

1
Q

How many litres of blood does the average adult have?

A

5litres

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2
Q

What is the proportion of cells to plasma?

A

2:3

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3
Q

What is the expected lifespan of a RBC?

A

100 days

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4
Q

Describe the shape of RBC

A

Biconcave disc-pliable, can bend and sqeeze through narrow capillaries, large SA:V ratio- reduces distance for diffusion of o2 into and out of the cell

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5
Q

Why no nucleus?

A

Increases room for more haemoglobbin, but means cannot divide or make new proteins

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6
Q

Through which processes is iron lost by the body?

A

menstrual loss, minor trauma, GI ( approx. 1ml of blood a day), blood sampling/donating, v small amounts in urine/skin shedding

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7
Q

What is ferritin?

A

A protein that contains iron and is the primary form of iron stored inside cells. A small amount of ferritin is released and circulated the blood and is a reflection of the amount of iron stored in the body.

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8
Q

Is ferritin soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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9
Q

Other name for b12

A

cobalamin

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10
Q

Where is b12 absorbed?

A

Terminal iliem

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11
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Deficiency in o2 reaching tissues

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12
Q

How many aa in the beta chains are different in sicle cell aneamia?

A

1

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13
Q

Name the term used to describe the group of inherited conditions that cause adefect in globin chain production

A

Thalassaemia

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14
Q

How does temp produce a bohr effect?

A

Increased temperature (eg at active muscle) causes a decrease in haemoglobin’s affinity for o2, it will therefore deliver more o2 to the respiriting tissue that needs it.

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15
Q

Normal pH range of bidy fluids

A

7.35-7.45

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16
Q

Name 3 reasons acid-base balance is important in the body

A
  1. Enzymes work optimally at their optimun pH nad can be denatured at other pHs
  2. Cell membranes become leaky in acidosis
  3. Neurones becom eless able to transmit in acidosis and become hyperactive in alkalosis
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17
Q

Name some fo the growth hormones/factors involved in RBC maturation

A

interleukin 3, erythropoietin, androgens, thyroxine

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18
Q

Describe reticulin

A

remnants of mRNA left in maturing RBC once nucleus has been extruded.

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19
Q

What removes reticulin from reticulocytes?

A

spleen (in 1-2 days)

20
Q

What does a reticulocyte become once the reticulin has been removed?

A

RBC

21
Q

What stain shows reticulin?

A

Methylene blue

22
Q

After what treatment is the increase in reticulocytes a useful indicator of?

A

After treatment for anaemia = large increase in reticulocytes

23
Q

2/3 of the lion in the body is within what protein?

A

Hb

24
Q

Is iron (which is absorbed in ferrous form) easily absorbed or not?

A

not out of 10-20 mg consumed only 1-2 mg is absorbed

25
Q

which part of the small intestine is Fe++ absorbed into?

A

Duodenum, more specifically duodenal enterocytes

26
Q

what type of cells are enterocytes?

A

simple columnar epithelial found in small intestine

27
Q

What is packed cell volume?

A

Ratio of volume of red blood cells to total volume of blood

28
Q

Typical packed cell volume

A

around .4

29
Q

How many globin chains does myoglobin have?

A

1

30
Q

What do developing RBC get from macrophages?

A

iron

31
Q

Role of transferrin

A

Transports iron from enterocytes of duodenum/ macrophage that ingested and digested old RBC to the macrophage cells with transferrin receptors in the marrow where new RBC are developing

32
Q

sources of folic acid

A

green veg

33
Q

Where is folic acid absorbed?

A

upper bowel

34
Q

Source of B12

A

milk, meat, eggs

35
Q

Where is B12 stored?

A

liver

36
Q

what group of ppl are particularly at risk of developing a b12 deficiency?

A

vegans

37
Q

Which 2 organs produce erythropoietin ?

A

kidneys (90%), liver (10%)

38
Q

What effect does erythropoietin have on the body?

A

It drives RBC production (erythropeisis) in the marrow

39
Q

What things increase the amount of erythropoietin produced?

A
  1. tissue hypoxia/ anaemia
  2. high altitude
  3. erythropoietin producing tumours eg in kidney
40
Q

What can be used to treat renal anaemia?

A

Erythropoietin as the kidneys themselves are not producing them as they should be

41
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Drives/ stimulated RBC production

42
Q

What is section in a RBC?

A

spiral proteins which increase rigidity and flexibility of membrane

43
Q

what is sperocytosis an example of?

A

how inherited mutations can cause the shape of the RBC which then leads to anaemia

44
Q

What do RBC need energy for?

A
  1. to maintain membrane integrity
  2. prevent oxidation of enzymes and Fe++
  3. Maintain conc gradients of K+ and Ca ++
45
Q

How do RBC generate ATP?

A

Through glycolysis, producing lactate and pyruvate

46
Q

Describe the buffer sequence from HCO3- to CO2 which is excreted from the lungs

A

HCO3- (in plasma) diffuses into RBC and reacts with H+ to form H2CO3 which breaks down into CO2 + H2O

RBC (1 decks)

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