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Physics Class 12 > Ray Optics & Optical Instruments > Flashcards

Ray Optics & Optical Instruments Flashcards

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1
Q

Reflection of light

A

Ray comes back after striking a surface

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2
Q

Laws of reflection

A

1st: angle of incidence is = angle of reflection
2nd: incident ray, reflected ray & normal at point of incidence all lie at the same plane

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3
Q

Pole

A

Geometric center of mirror

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4
Q

Centre of curvature

A

Center of sphere of which mirror is a part

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5
Q

Principle axis

A

Line joining CoC & pole

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6
Q

Radius of curvature

A

Dist btn CoC & pole

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7
Q

Principal focus

A

Beam || to principal axis from a point f on the axis after reflection converges or diverges

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8
Q

Focal length

A

Dist btn pole & focus of mirror

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9
Q

Ray via P.F for concave mirror will be

A

|| to P.A

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10
Q

Ray via CoC for concave mirror will be

A

Reflected back

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11
Q

Ray directed to P.F for convex mirror will be

A

|| to P.A

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12
Q

Ray directed to CoC for convex mirror will be

A

Reflected back

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13
Q

Image btn C & F

A

Object beyond C
R.I, diminished

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14
Q

Image at C

A

Obj at C
R.I, same size

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15
Q

Image beyond C

A

Obj btn C & F
R.I, enlarged

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16
Q

Image behind mirror

A

Obj btn F & P
Virtual erect, enlarged

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17
Q

Relation btn F & R(deri)

A

R = 2f

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18
Q

Mirror formula deri

A

1/f = 1/v + 1/u

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19
Q

Linear magnification

A

Ratio of height of image to object
m = h’/H = -v/u

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20
Q

Refraction

A

Change in path of light as it passes obliquely from 1 transparent medium to other

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21
Q

Laws of refraction

A

1st: law of reflection
2nd: ratio of sine of angle of incidence to sine of angle of Refraction is const for a given media & given color

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22
Q

Refractive index

A

Ratio of speed of light from 1 medium to other
Sin i/sin r = n²¹

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23
Q

Limitation of snell’s law

A

Not valid for normal coincidence
sin i/sin r = 0/0

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24
Q

n²¹ =

A

n2/n1 = v1/v2 = lambda1/lambda 2

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25
Q

Unit for refractive index

A

None

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26
Q

Absolute refractive index

A

Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to speed of light in medium

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27
Q

Ray from rarer to denser bends

A

Towards normal

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28
Q

Ray going along normal passes

A

Undeflected

29
Q

Refractive index depends on

A

Wavelength, temp, nature of medium, speed of light

30
Q

Lateral shift

A

When a ray passes via || sided retracting medium, the perp dist btn the emergent ray & direction of incidence is lateral shift

31
Q

Normal shift

A

Apparent shift in the position of an obj when kept in 1 medium viewed normally from other

32
Q

n²¹ = h’/h =

A

Real depth/apparent depth

33
Q

Normal shift =

A

n(1 - 1/n¹²)

34
Q

Apparent shift in position of sun in sunrise & sunset

A

Due to atmospheric Refraction, sun is visible before actual sunrise & after actual sunset. The refractive index of air is approx 1 w.r.t vacuum. So shift is in the direction of sun is by ½ degree & time diff btn actual & apparent sunrise & sunset is about 2 mins

35
Q

Total internal reflection

A

As angle of incidence increases, angle of Refraction also increases. At an angle of incidence i=i(c), the angle of Refractionis 90°. When angle of incidence is more than i(c), it reflects back into denser medium

36
Q

Critical angle

A

Angle of incidence in denser medium for which angle of Refraction is 90°

37
Q

Relation btn critical angle & refractive index

A

n = 1/sin i(c)

38
Q

Applications of TIR

A

Mirage observed in deserts & on tar roads due to Refraction & TIR
Sparkling of diamond
Totally reflecting prisms
Optical fibres

39
Q

Uses of optical fibre

A

Transmitting & receiving electrical signals as light
Medical & optical examination
Endoscopy
Decorative lamps

40
Q

Optic centre

A

Centre of lens

41
Q

Centre of curvature

A

Center of sphere of which lens is a part

42
Q

Radius of curvature

A

Dist btn center & optic centre

43
Q

Totally reflecting prisms:

A
  1. To deviate ray via 90
  2. To invert image with deviation via 180
  3. To invert image without deviation
44
Q

optical fibre core is surrounded by glass or plastic jacket of lower RI called

A

cladding

45
Q

Power of a lens

A

Tangent of angle by which lens converges or diverges a beam of light at unit distance from optic center

46
Q

Linear magnification for simple microscope

A

m = 1 + D/f

47
Q

Magnification for compound microscope

A

m(o) = L/f(o)
m(e) = 1 + D/f(e)

48
Q

When object is at infinity, m(e) =

A

D/f(e)

49
Q

total magnification by compound microscope m =

A

m = m(o)m(e)
= L/f(o)(1 + D/f[(e)]
= V(o)/U(o)[1 + D/f(e)]

50
Q

when object is at infinity, total magnification of compound microscope?

A

m = L/f(o)[D/f(e)]

51
Q

When image is at D, L =

A

V(o) + U(e)

52
Q

When image is at infinity, L =

A

Vo + f(e)

53
Q

Refracting telescopes are used for

A

Viewing distant objects

54
Q

Astronomical telescopes are used for

A

Viewing celestial objects

55
Q

Terrestrial telescopes are used for

A

distant objects on earth

56
Q

Reflecting telescopes are used for

A

Distant objects

57
Q

Reflecting telescopes examples

A

Newtonian, cassegrain

58
Q

magnification for astronomical telescopes

A

m = fo/fe
At D, m = fo/fe[1 + D/fe]

59
Q

Advantages of reflecting telescope over refracting

A
  1. Due to large aperture, they have high resolving power
  2. It is free from chromatic aberrations
  3. Reduces spherical aberrations
  4. Lightweight, so mounting will be easy
60
Q

If image converge, obj is

A

real

61
Q

If Object converge, image is

A

virtual

62
Q

If lens is cut horizontal, focal length is

A

same

63
Q

If lens is cut vertical, focal length is

A

doubled

64
Q

Denser to rarer, Object size

A

increases

65
Q

N2/N1 =

A

V1/V2

66
Q

When i>r

A

V1>V2

67
Q

If lower half of concave mirror is covered, what will be the image?

A

Image with less intensity will be shown but full image will be shown

68
Q

If a lens disappears in a liquid, what is the R.I of the liquid?

A

Same as lens

Physics Class 12 (14 decks)

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