RAWDOG Flashcards
1
Q
How many towns over 100,000 people by 1871?
A
8
2
Q
When did the Kulturkampf begin?
A
1871
3
Q
When were the May Laws?
A
1873, 1874, 1875
4
Q
What did the May Laws set out to do?
A
Increase state control over religious matters e.g. education
5
Q
Why did Bismarck begin the Kulturkampf?
A
Due to the threat of Catholicism bringing instability to the German Empire
6
Q
What is papal infallibility?
A
The pope is preserved from error on the matters of faith and morals
7
Q
What was the rate of economic growth between 1871 and 1872?
A
5%
8
Q
When was the Press Law passed?
A
1874
9
Q
What did the Press Law do?
A
It allowed Bismarck to persecute journalists of articles he didn’t approve of although censorship was inhibited
10
Q
How many seats did Zentrum win in the 1974 elections?
A
91
11
Q
Who tried to assassinate Bismarck and when?
A
A catholic barrel maker
1874
12
Q
In _______ the Liberals forced a military expenditure review to take place every ____ years
A
1874
7
13
Q
When was the SPD created?
A
1875
14
Q
When was the Reichsbank created?
A
1875
15
Q
When did Bismarck’s alliance with the Liberals end?
A
1877
16
Q
Who did Bismarck form an alliance with, replacing the Liberals?
A
The Conservatives
17
Q
When did the Kulturkampf end?
A
1878
18
Q
Why did Bismarck end the Kulturkampf?
A
He needed the support of Zentrum to pass his tariff reform
He wanted to form an alliance with Austria
19
Q
When were there two assassination attempts on Wilhelm II?
A
1878
20
Q
Who was one of the people that tried to assassinate the Kaiser?
A
An SPD plumber
21
Q
How did Bismarck use the assassination attempts on Wilhelm I?
A
He used it to increase support for the Conservatives via suggesting that these assassination attempts showed that the Liberals were to weak to run Germany
22
Q
When were tariffs imposed?
A
1879
23
Q
When was an alliance formed with Austria?
A
1879
24
Q
When did Bismarck consider establishing the Reichscouncil?
A
1880
25
What does Bismarck's consideration of forming the Reichscouncil demonstrate?
How poor his relations with the Reichstag were
26
In ____, August Bebel stood in ___ constituencies
1881
35
27
When was medical insurance introduced?
1883
28
When was accident insurance introduced?
1884
29
In ____ the Reichstag rejected a ___% increase in taxation
1886
10
30
How did Bismarck increase taxation despite the Reichstag rejecting the initial bill?
he mongered a war scare with France over Alsace-Lorraine for more military funds
31
When did Wilhelm II become Kaiser?
1888
32
When were old age pensions introduced?
1889
33
How did Bismarck suppress the rising support for socialism?
By introducing state socialism in an attempt to appease them
34
When did Caprivi become chancellor?
1890
35
By 1890, the support for the SPD had ______ since _____
Doubled
1878
36
When did the Reichstag reject Bismarck's permanent Anti-Socialist Bill?
1890
37
Who did Caprivi negotiate trade treaties with?
Romania, Russia and Austria
38
What was part of Caprivi's New Course?
The removal of Anti-Socialists laws
A reduction in tariffs
The recognition of trade unions
Social reforms
39
When was the Erfurt Conference?
1891
40
What did the Erfurt Conference do?
It meant that the SPD advocated for reforms such as universal suffrage, freedom of speech, gender equality, progressive income tax and free education
41
In 1893, the army increased by ________ men
84,000
42
In 1893, military expenditure reviews changed from every 7 years to every __ years and national service changed from 3 years to __
5
2
43
When was Hohenlohe appointed as Chancellor?
1894
44
When was the Subversion Bill rejected?
1894
45
What was the purpose of the Subversion Bill?
To reduce the influence of socialists
46
When was the Anti-Union Bill rejected?
1899
47
When was Bulow appointed as chancellor?
1900
48
What percentage of the population was employed in agriculture by 1907?
35%
49
When was the Daily Telegraph Affair?
1908
50
What was the Daily Telegraph Affair?
An interview with Wilhelm II published in the Daily Telegraph in which Wilhelm II suggested that Germans had an anti-British sentiment, worsening relations between Germany and Britain
51
What was the impact of the Daily Telegraph Affair?
Wilhelm II received a great deal of backlash from the press and the Reichstag with the Reichstag attempting to impose a limit to his personal freedoms
52
When was the Eulenburg Affair?
1907-1909
53
What was the Eulenburg Affair?
Members of Wilhelm II's cabinet were accused of being homosexuals such as Bulow who had allegedly been blackmailed on behalf of his homosexuality
54
By _____, national debt had ________ since 1900
1908
doubled
55
When did Hollweg become chancellor?
1909
56
How many towns were there over 100,000 people by 1910?
48
57
By 1912, which was the largest party in the Reichstag?
SPD
58
When was the Zabern Affair?
1913
59
What was the Zabern Affair?
Wilhelm II announced his support for the excessive military force used on civilians in Alsace-Lorraine
60
What was the outcome of the Zabern Affair?
Wilhelm II appeared uncaring and disregarding of democracy
61
By 1913, the General Federation of Trade Unions had ___________ members
2.5 million
62
What was the outcome of the vote of no confidence in 1913?
Wilhelm II kept Hollweg as chancellor despite him losing the vote of no confidence
63
What tax was introduced in 1913
A defence tax on the value of property
This was unpopular with junkers
64
When did the Pan German League release the "If I were Kaiser" leaflet?
1913
65
By 1913, Germany's railway system was _______km long
63,000
66
How much bigger was Germany's army by the start of WWI than it was in 1890?
4X
67
When was Prince Max chancellor?
1918
68
When was the Ebert-Groener pact negotiated?
1918
69
What did the Ebert-Groener pact do?
It meant that the Weimar government had support of the army in crushing any revolutionary activity and that the army retained its power and influence
70
When was the Stinnes-Leigen Agreement negotiated?
1918
71
What did the Stinnes-Leigen Agreement do?
It was an agreement between the unions and industrialists which established key workers rights such as an 8 hour day, union recognition and for returning soldiers to be allowed straight back into their former jobs
72
When was the KPD formed?
1918
73
Which parties were in the provisional Weimar government?
SPD USPD
74
When was the Kiel mutiny?
1918
75
What was the Kiel mutiny?
Sailors refused a final attack on the British navy as they felt it was suicide
76
What were the impacts of the Kiel mutiny?
It sparked wider unrest, contributing towards the 1918 revolution
77
What were the causes of the 1918 revolution?
Loss of WWI, food shortages due to the blockade, growing support for democracy, an anti-war sentiment and the Kiel mutiny
78
When was the beginning of the Weimar Republic?
1919
79
In 1919, ___% of people voted for pro democratic parties
76
80
How many seats did the SPD win in 1919?
163
81
When was the Spartacist uprising?
1919
82
How many were involved in the Spartacist uprising?
100,000
83
How was the Spartacist uprising ended?
It was crushed by the right-wing Freikorps
84
When was a Soviet Union created in Bavaria?
1919
85
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
1919
86
When did women get the vote?
1919
87
In 1920, who did the SPD from a coalition with?
DVP
88
When did Hitler become leader of the NSDAP?
1920
89
When were there communist uprisings in industrial regions?
1920
90
When was the Kapp Putsch?
1920
91
What was the Kapp Putsch?
A right-wing coup that sought to overthrow Weimar by Freikorps
92
How many were involved in the Kapp Putsch?
12,000 Freikorps
93
How was the Kapp Putsch ended?
General strikes
94
In 1920, ____ women were elected into the Reichstag
111
95
In ____, spending on the ____________ was in excess of the Treaty of Versailles
1921
Reichswehr
96
When was Walther Rathenau assassinated?
1922
97
Who was Walther Rathenau?
An industrialist who had been in charge of the war time economy
98
When was Matthias Erzberger assassinated?
1921
99
What is significant about Erzeberger's assassination?
It was a direct act of opposition to the Treaty of Versailles
100
When was the Ruhr invasion?
1923
101
Why was the Ruhr invaded by France?
Germany had failed to make reparation payments so France looked to take the value of the reparations in resources
102
How much did a loaf of bread cost by November 1923?
200,000 marks
103
When did Stresemann become chancellor?
August 1923
104
Who was chancellor at the time of the Ruhr invasion?
Kuno
105
What was passive resistance?
Workers striking yet still getting paid amidst the Ruhr invasion
106
When was the Beer Hall Putsch?
1923
107
How many were involved in the Beer Hall Putsch?
2,000 Nazis
108
How long did Hitler get in prison compared to communists
9 months where some communists got upwards of 2 years
109
When did Kahr take control of Bavaria?
1923
110
What was the significance of Kahr taking control of Bavaria?
It became a right-wing haven
111
How did Stresemann end the hyperinflation?
Ended passive resistance, began reparation payments, introduced the Rentenmark and negotiated the Dawes and Young plans.
112
When was the Reichsbanner introduced?
1924
113
What was the Reichsbanner?
A sort of parliamentary military intended to defend from opposition of the left and the right
114
In 1924, the Nazi vote fell to __%, and the KPD vote fell to __%
3
9
115
When was the Dawes Plan adopted?
1924
116
What did the Dawes Plan do?
It reduced Germany's reparation payments and granted them a US loan worth 800 million marks
117
What was unemployment at in 1924?
0.9%
118
When did Hindenburg become president?
1925
119
When were the Lorcarno Treaties signed?
1925
120
What did the Lorcarno Treaties do?
Secured peace and improved relations between Germany and France, Belgium, Poland and Czechoslovakia
121
By 1925, ___% of women were working
35
122
When did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
123
When was the Kellogg Briand pact signed?
1928
124
What was the Kellogg Briand pact?
An international agreement which pledged to denounce war as a national policy
125
Were the 1928 election results in favour of democracy?
Yes
126
How many Nazi members by 1928?
100,000
127
In 1928, the Nazi vote share fell from ___% to ___%
14
12
128
By 1928, Germany was ___% richer than in _____
12
1913
129
When was the Young Plan negotiated?
1929
130
What did the Young Plan do?
It lowered the reparation amount to 2 billion marks and extended the window by 59 years to 1988
131
When was the Wall Street Crash?
1929
132
What led to the Great Depression in Germany?
The Wall Street Crash
US investors withdrew their investments into Germany and the Dawes Plan loans were withdrawn
133
By the end of 1929, the economy was ___% the size it was in 1928
58
134
When did Bruning become chancellor?
1930
135
How did Bruning undermine democracy
Excessive use of Article 48
He used it 109 times
136
When did the Nazis become the second largest party?
1930
137
In 1930, the Nazis received ___% of the vote
18
138
How many were unemployed by 1932?
6 million
139
When did Bruning end reparation payments?
1932
140
In 1932, the economy was ____% the size it was in 1913
70
141
How many seats did the Nazis win in the July 1932 elections?
230
142
How many seats did the Nazis win on the November 1932 elections?
196
143
When did Hitler become chancellor?
1933
144
When was the Reichstag Fire?
1933
4 weeks after Hitler became chancellor
145
Who was responsible for the Reichstag Fire?
A communist
146
How did Hitler use the Reichstag Fire?
As a result he was able to justify issuing the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State
147
What did the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State do?
It restricted freedom of speech and allowed for the imprisonment of political opponents without trial
148
When was the Enabling Act?
1933
149
What did the Enabling Act do?
Allowed Hitler to make laws without the approval of the president or the Reichstag
Banned opposition such as political parties and trade unions
150
When did Germany leave the League of Nations?
1933
151
How many were unemployed at the time that the Nazis came to power?
8.5 million
152
What did the RAD build notably?
The Autobahn, housing and factories
153
How did the Nazis begin to bring about growth in 1933?
Tax breaks on big businesses and subsidies for firms
154
When was the night of the long knives?
1934
155
Who was killed in the Night of the Long Knives?
85 people, mainly political opponents
Notably Gregor Strasser
156
When did Hitler become Fuhrer?
1934
157
What allowed Hitler to become Fuhrer?
Hindenburg's death
158
When was conscription adopted under the Nazis?
1935
159
How many were conscripted in 1935?
1 million
160
When were the Nuremberg Laws introduced?
1935
161
What did the Nuremberg Laws do?
Banned mixed marriages between Jews and non-Jews
162
What was Himmler in charge of?
SS, SD and the Gestapo
163
When did the 4 year plan begin?
1936
164
What was the 4 year plan?
A series of economic policies designed to prepare the economy for war
This included measures such as rearmament and Autarky.
165
Who was in charge of the 4 year plan?
Hermann Goring
166
When was Schact's New Plan introduced?
1934
167
What was Schact's New Plan?
Economic policies aimed to resolve the depression and promote Autarky
168
When did Hitler Youth become an official movement?
1936
169
When did Hitler purge army leadership?
1938
170
When was the Munich Conference?
1938
171
What was the Munich Conference?
An attempt by the allied forces to avoid war by appeasing Hitler in which they agreed to the annexation of the Sudetenland due to self determination
172
When was the Kristallnacht?
1938
173
What unfolded in the Kristallnacht?
The killing of 91+ Jews, destruction of Jewish property and synagogues
174
When did Hitler Youth membership become compulsory?
1939
175
When were Total War measures implemented?
1942
176
What are Total War measures?
A commitment to the war effort over all other aspects of life
177
When did the SS establish extermination camps?
1942
178
When was the 20th of July Bomb Plot?
1944
179
Who was behind the 20th of July Bomb Plot?
Military officers
180
When were the Edelweiss Pirates founded?
1939
181
How did the Edelweiss Pirates act as opposition?
They sang anti-Nazi songs and sheltered deserters
182
When was the uprising in Sobibor?
1943
183
When did Hitler commit suicide?
1945
184
When was the Potsdam Confernece?
1945
185
What was discussed at the Potsdam conference?
Germany to be divided into 4 zones
Denazification, decentralisation, demilitarisation, democratisation
Nazi leaders to be tried for war crimes
186
When did the Nuremberg trials begin?
1945
Goring committed suicide the night before his execution
187
When was Bizonia formed?
1947
188
Which two zones combined to form Bizonia?
The British and the USA
189
When was the Marshall Plan announced?
1947
190
What was the Marshall Plan?
A US initiative to provide western Europe with economic aid after WWII
191
When was Trizonia formed?
1948
192
How did Stalin claim that Bizonia and Trizonia violated Potsdam?
The creation of the Deutschmark was an attempt to strengthen the economy in their zones and subsequently weaken the economy in the USSR zone
193
When was the Deutschmark implemented?
1948
194
When was the Soviet Blockade on Berlin?
1948
195
When was the FRG formed via the Basic Law?
1949
196
When did Adenauer become chancellor?
1949
197
What margin did Adenauer become chancellor by?
1 vote
198
When was the GDR established?
1949
199
When was the Berlin Blockade lifted?
1949
200
When was the Bargaining Law introduced?
1949
201
What did the Bargaining Law do?
It recognised trade unions and introduced co-determination which gave workers a say in company decisions
Ultimately it led to positive industrial relations and better working conditions
202
When was the Construction Law?
1950
203
What did the Construction Law do?
Subsidised large scale housing programmes and encouraged private firms to produce housing via tax breaks and subsidies
This saw 6 million houses built
204
When was the Reinstatement Act?
1951
205
What did the Reinstatement Act do?
it saw former Nazis allowed back into government positions and civil service jobs
150,000 were reinstated
In Bavaria, 77% of the judiciary had been former Nazis
206
When was the Treaty of Paris?
1951
207
What did the Treaty of Paris do?
Established the ECSC
208
In _____, Germany sent ____ billion DM in reparations to Israel
1952
100
209
When was the SRP banned?
1952
210
What was the rate of economic growth in 1952?
8.2%
211
When did Germany join the IMF?
1952
212
When was the 5% rule introduced?
1953
213
In 1955, ___% of Germans thought Hitler was Germany's greatest statesman
48
214
When was the Bundeswehr created?
1956
215
What did the Bundeswehr do?
They were supposed to be citizen defenders of a democratic state under the government
216
When was the KPD banned?
1956
217
Why did the 1956 CDU/CSU FDP coalition break down?
Disagreements regarding the East
218
What % of the vote did Adenauer receive in 1957?
50.2%
219
When did Germany join the EEC?
1957
220
What was the rate of economic growth in 1957?
6.2%
221
When was the Treaty of Rome?
1957
222
When did the EEC remove all internal tariffs?
1958
223
When did Adenauer run for presidency?
1959
224
When was the SPD's Bad Godesberg programme
1959
225
What did the Bad Godesberg programme do?
Made the SPD more electable by making them more moderate
226
What were some of the unappealing SPD policies under Schumacher?
Reunification with the East, nationalisation of key industries such as coal
227
When did Willy Brandt become SPD leader?
1960
228
When was the Berlin Wall built?
1961
229
What about the Berlin Wall made Adenauer unpopular?
He failed to visit it in a timely manner (after Brandt) although he'd been championing democracy
230
When were the Schwabing riots?
1961
231
What were the key focuses of the Schwabing riots?
Lack of parliamentary opposition, lack of reference to the Nazi legacy, young people wanting to change social norms
232
By 1962, teaching of Nazism was compulsory in ___ lander
10
233
When was the Der Spiegel Affair?
1962
234
What happened amidst the Der Spiegel Affair?
The Defence Minister ordered a raid on the Headquarters of Der Spiegel after it published an article critical of the German military
235
How many in Adenauer's cabinet resigned over the Der Spiegel Affair?
5
