R44 Raven 1 > Raven I POH > Flashcards
Raven I POH Flashcards
Articulation
Free to teeter and cone
Rigid in plane
MR Diameter
33 feet
MR Blade chord
10.0 inches (constant)
MR Blade Twist
-6°
MR Tip Speed
705 FPS
TR Articulation
Free to teeter
rigid in plane
TR Diameter
4 feet 10 inches
TR Blade Chord
5.1 inches
TR Blade Twist
0, but per cone is 1°
TR Tip Speed
614
Eng to Upper Sheave
4 double vee belts,
0.778:1 speed REDUCING ratio
Upper Sheave to Drive Line
Sprag type overrunning clutch
Drive line to MR
Spiral-bevel gears with
11:57 speed REDUCING ratio
Drive line to TR
Spiral-bevel gears with
31:27 speed INCREASING ratio
Powerplant model
Lycoming 0-540-F1B5
Powerplant type
Six cylinder, horizontally opposed, direct drive, air
cooled, carbureted, normally aspirated
Displacement:
541.5 cubic inches
Normal rating:
260 BHP @ 2800 RPM
Maximum continuous rating in R44
205 BHP at 2718 RPM
(102% on tachometer)
5 Minute takeoff rating in R44:
225 BHP at 2718 RPM
Cooling system
Direct drive squirrel-cage blower
NEVER-EXCEED AIRSPEED (Vne)
2200 lb (998 kg) TOGW and below 130 KIAS
Over 2200 lb (998 kg) TOGW 120 KIAS
Autorotation 100 KIAS
For Vne reductions with altitude and temperature, see placard on page 2-9.
ADDITIONAL AIRSPEED LIMITS
100 KIAS maximum at power above MCP.
100 KIAS maximum with any combination of cabin
doors removed.
Power On
Maximum
Minimum*
102%
101%**
408
404
- Transient operation at lower RPM permitted for emergency procedures training.
- *99% (396 RPM) permitted on R44s with tachometers showing engine green arc from 99% to 102%.
Engine Maximum Speed
2718 RPM (102%)
Cylinder Head Max Temperature
500°F (260°C)
Oil Maximum Temperature
245°F (118°C)
Oil Pressure limits
Minimum during idle 25 psi
Minimum during flight 55 psi
Maximum during flight 95 psi
Maximum during start & warm up 115 psi
WEIGHT LIMITS
Maximum gross weight 2400 lb (1089 kg) Minimum gross weight 1550 lb (703 kg) Maximum per seat including baggage compartment 300 lb (136 kg) Maximum in any baggage compartment 50 lb (23 kg)
CG limits
92 - 102.5 inches
3L - 3R inches
Maximum operating density altitude
14,000 feet
Maximum operating altitude
9000 feet AGL to allow landing within 5 minutes in case of fire
Doors off ops
100 KIAS Seatbelts Loose Items Passengers Rear seats Not left Door
Limitations:
Operation up to 100 KIAS approved with any combination of cabin doors removed. All seat belts must be buckled and loose items in cabin must be properly secured during doors-off flight.
Normal Procedures:
Maximum airspeed with any door(s) off is 100 KIAS. Warn passenger to secure loose objects and to keep head and arms inside cabin to avoid high velocity airstream.
CAUTION
Ensure all seat belts are buckled during door-
off flight. Rear seat bottoms may lift if not
restrained and items in baggage compartments
could be blown out.
CAUTION
Flight with left door(s) removed is not recom-
mended. Loose objects exiting left doors may
damage tail rotor.
FUEL CAPACITY
Tanks with bladders:
Main tank
Auxiliary tank
Combined capacity
Total Capacity US gallons 30.5 17.2 47.7
Usable Capacity US gallons 29.5 17.0 46.5
Hub Height
129 in
Overall lenght
459
Recommended airspeed Takeoff and Climb
60 KIAS
Maximum Rate of Climb
(VY) 55 KIAS
Maximum Range
100 KIAS*
- Certain conditions may require lower airspeed.
See Vne placard in Section 2.
Maximum Cruise
110 KIAS*
(Do not exceed except in smooth air,
and then only with caution)
- Certain conditions may require lower airspeed.
See Vne placard in Section 2.
Significant Turbulence Speed
60 to 70 KIAS
Landing Approach Speed
60 KIAS
Autorotation Speed
60 to 70 KIAS*
- Certain conditions may require lower airspeed.
See Vne placard in Section 2.
TAKEOFF PROCEDURE
SLIDE-HARP, 2 step pick up, WREC-Fuel-Power lower nose, 60 KIAS <101% lower collective
- Verify doors latched, governor and hydraulics ON, and RPM stabilized at 101 to 102%.
- Clear area. Slowly raise collective until aircraft is light on skids. Reposition cyclic as required for equilibrium, then gently lift aircraft into hover. With manual controls, trim cyclic forces as required.
- Check gages in green and adjust carb heat if required. Lower nose and accelerate to climb speed following profile shown by height-velocity diagram in Section 5. If RPM drops below 101%, lower collective.
Seatbelts Lights/Warning Lights Instruments Doors Eng Guages Hydros Area Clear RPM Passengers/cabin
Warning Lights RPM Engine Gages Carb Heat Fuel Power
CRUISE
WREC-Fuel-Power MCP 110 KIAS Turbulence 60-70 KIAS No Leaning Mixture Aft CG limit, oscillation, small left pedal.
- Adjust carb heat if required. (See page 4-12.)
- Verify RPM in green arc.
- Set manifold pressure as desired with collective. Observe MAP and airspeed limits. Maximum recommended
cruise speed is 110 KIAS. - Verify gages in green, warning lights out.
CAUTION
Do not exceed 110 KIAS except in smooth air, and then only with caution. In turbulence, use lower airspeed. If turbulence is significant or becomes uncomfortable for the pilot, use 60 to 70 KIAS.
CAUTION
In-flight leaning with engine mixture control is not
allowed. Mixture must be full rich during flight.
NOTE
When loaded near aft CG limit, slight yaw oscillation during cruise can be stopped by applying
a small amount of left pedal.
PRACTICE AUTOROTATION - POWER RECOVERY
WREC-Fuel-Power
Down Stop
Small Split
Don’t chop
Gov inop
4000’ reduce throttle before collective
RPM Green 60-70 KIAS 40' flare 8' level, collective, throttle 80% + 1 per 1000'
- Adjust carb heat if required. (See page 4-12.)
- Lower collective to down stop and adjust throttle as required for small tachometer needle separation.
CAUTION
To avoid inadvertent engine stoppage, do not chop throttle to simulate a power failure. Always roll throttle off smoothly for small visible needle split.
NOTE
Governor is inactive below 80% engine RPM
regardless of governor switch position.
NOTE
When entering autorotation from above 4000 feet, reduce throttle slightly before lowering collective to prevent engine overspeed.
- Adjust collective to keep rotor RPM in green arc and adjust throttle for small needle separation.
- Keep airspeed 60 to 70 KIAS.
- At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed.
- At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level aircraft and raise collective to control descent. Add throttle if required to keep RPM in green arc.
CAUTION
Simulated engine failures require prompt lowering of collective to avoid dangerously low rotor RPM. Catastrophic rotor stall could occur if the rotor RPM ever drops below 80% plus 1% per 1000 feet of altitude.
PRACTICE AUTOROTATION- WITH GROUND CONTACT
If you must Same as recovery Into spring Skids level nose straight Inspect shoes
If practice autorotations with ground contact are required for demonstration purposes perform same as power recovery autorotations except: Prior to cyclic flare, roll throttle off into overtravel spring and hold against hard stop until autorotation is complete. (This prevents throttle correlator from adding power when collective is raised.) Always contact ground with skids level and nose straight ahead.
NOTE
Have landing gear skid shoes inspected frequently when practicing autorotations with ground contact. Rapid wear of skid shoes may occur.
HYDRAULICS-OFF TRAINING
Simulate with switch
Hover is difficult
Relax before turning on
Hydraulic system failure may be simulated using the cyclic-mounted hydraulic switch.
CAUTIONN
With hydraulics switched OFF, controlling helicopter in a hover may be difficult due to control system feedback forces.
CAUTION
Before switching hydraulics from OFF to ON, relax force on cyclic and collective to avoid over controlling.
USE OF CARB HEAT ASSIST
S/N 0202 and after Raising collective reduces heat Pilot override Unlatch unless obvious Apply as required Monitor gage Adjust hover / power change
R44 helicopter S/N 0202 and on are equipped with a carburetor heat assist device.
The carb heat assist correlates application of carburetor heat with changes in collective setting to reduce pilot work load. raising collective reduces heat. A friction clutch allows the pilot to override the system and increase or decrease heat as required.
A latch is provided at the control knob to lock carburetor hear off. The knob should be left unlatched unless it is obvious that conditions are not conducive to carburetor ice. Apply carburetor heat as required if carburetor ice is a possibility. Monitor CAT gage and readjust as necessary following lift to hover or any power change.
DESCENT, APPROACH, AND LANDING
WREC Fuel Power
Reduce collective Carb heat Observe airspeed limits Max 110 KIAS smooth air No pushover
into wind Low rate descent 60 KIAS initially Reduce altitude and airspeed to hover < 300 FPM at 30 KIAS
Lower collective
Full down
Slope cyclic neutral
Never unattended
Hold throttle passenger exiting
- Reduce power with collective as desired. Adjust carb heat as required. Observe airspeed limits. Maximum recommended airspeed is 110 KIAS except in smooth air.
CAUTION
Do not initiate a descent with forward cyclic.
This can produce a low-G condition. Always
initiate a descent by lowering collective.
- Make final approach into wind at lowest practical rate of descent with initial airspeed of 60 knots.
- Reduce airspeed and altitude smoothly to hover. (Be sure rate of descent is less than 300 FPM before airspeed is reduced below 30 KIAS.)
- From hover, lower collective gradually until ground contact.
- After initial ground contact, lower collective to full down position.
CAUTION
When landing on a slope, return cyclic control
to neutral before reducing rotor RPM.
CAUTION
Never leave helicopter flight controls unattended while engine is running.
CAUTION
Hold throttle closed if passenger is entering or exiting with engine running and left seat collective installed.
NOISE ABATEMENT
Assemplies - 2000' Blade slap -65 - 100 and below 1000 FPM Avoid prolonged, 500' preferably 1000' Repetitive Look ahead ATC - Pilot judgment
To improve the quality of our environment and to dissuade overly restrictive ordinances against helicopters, it is imperative that every pilot minimize noise irritation to the public. Following are several techniques which should be employed when possible.
- Avoid flying over outdoor assemblies of people. When this cannot be avoided, fly as high as practical, preferably over 2000 feet AGL.
- Avoid blade slap. Generally occurs at airspeeds below 100 KIAS. It can usually be avoided by maintaining 100 KIAS until rate of descent is over 1000 FPM, then using a fairly steep approach until airspeed is below 65 KIAS. With the right door vent open, the pilot can easily determine those flight conditions which produce blade slap and develop piloting techniques to eliminate or reduce it.
- When departing from or approaching a landing site, avoid prolonged flights over noise sensitive areas. Always fly above 500 feet AGL and preferably above 1000 ft AGL.
- Repetitive noise is far more irritating than a single
occurrence. If you must fly over the same area more than once, vary your flight path to not overfly the same buildings each time. - When overflying populated areas, look ahead and select the least noise sensitive route.
Note
Above procedures do not apply where they would conflict with Air Traffic clearances or instructions or when, in the pilot’s judgment, they would result in an unsafe flight path.
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
Seat belts - Fastened Fuel shut-off valve - ON Cyclic/collective friction - OFF Cyclic, collective, pedals - Full travel free Throttle - Full travel free Collective - Full down, friction ON Cyclic - Neutral, friction ON Pedals - Neutral Rotor brake - Disengaged Circuit breakers - In Carb heat - OFF Mixture - Full rich Mixture guard - Installed Trim and landing light switches - OFF Avionics switch (if installed) - OFF Clutch - Disengaged Altimeter - Set HYD and governor switches - ON
STARTING ENGINE AND RUN-UP
Throttle twists for priming - As required
Throttle - Closed
Battery, strobe switches - ON
Area - Clear
Ignition switch - Start, then Both
Starter-On light - Out
Set engine RPM - 50 to 60%
Clutch switch - Engaged
Blades turning - Less than 5 seconds
Alternator switch - ON
Oil pressure within 30 seconds - 25 psi minimum
Avionics, headsets - ON
Wait for clutch light out - Circuit breakers in
Warm-up RPM - 60 to 70%
Engine gages - Green
Mag drop at 75% RPM - 7% max in 2 seconds
Carb heat - CAT rise/drop, set as required
Sprag clutch check - Needles split
Doors - Closed and latched
Limit MAP chart - Check
Cyclic/collective friction - OFF
Cyclic trim or hydraulic system - Check
Governor On, increase throttle - RPM 101-102%
Warning lights - Out
Lift collective slightly, reduce RPM - Horn/light at 97%
CAUTION
On slippery surfaces, be prepared to counter
nose-right rotation with left pedal as governor
increases RPM.
NOTE
For trim check, switch trim ON and verify balanced cyclic forces. For hydraulic system check, use small cyclic inputs. With hydraulics OFF, there should be approximately one half inch of freeplay before encountering control stiffness and feedback. With hydraulics ON, controls should be free with no feedback or uncommanded motion.
NOTE
Before takeoff, pilot should uncover one ear and listen for any unusual noise which may indicate impending failure of a bearing or other component.
Hover controllability
17 Knots any direction 9600’ density Altitude
Refer to HIGE chart for allowable gross weight.
In Ground Effect
Caution: Ideal conditions
Note: Carb heat will reduce ceiling by p to 2400’
