Rates & Extent Of Reactions Flashcards
What is an anomalous result?
Result that doesn’t fit in with the pattern of the other results.
Anomalous results can be easily ________ in the data and ____________,
Leading to a more _________ calculation of the mean.
Spotted
Discarded
Accurate
What is rate of reaction
The speed at which a product is formed or reactant is used up.
How can the rate reaction be sped up/increased
Increased temperature
Increased concentration
Increased surface area
Increased pressure
Use a catalyst
What are the equations for rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction = mass or volume of product formed / time
Rate of reaction = mass or volume of reactants lost / time
In simple terms it’s volume / time
What are the units for rate of reaction?
g/s
cm^3/s
What is needed for a chemical reaction to happen
Reactant particles must collide with each other
The particles must have ENOUGH activation energy for them to react
If particles collide with out enough activation ________ the particles just ________ off each other.
Energy
Bounce
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Increases the particles energy (activation),
which increases the number of successful collisions;
which means collisions are more frequent,
this finally increases the rate of reaction.
What is a control variable
What you keep the same
What is the independent variable
What you change
What is the dependent variable
What you measure
What is the concentration of a solution?
A measure of the number of particles in a certain amount of space
Collision theory + concentration:
Increasing concentration means there are _______ particles in the ______ amount of space.
So more ________ collisions.
Thus an _________ in the rate of reaction.
More
Same
Successful
Increase
Disappearing cross RP
- Using a measuring ________, add __cm^3 of dilute solution t___________ solution to a conical _______.
Cylinder
50
Thiosulfate
Flask
Disappearing cross RP
- Place a conical ______ on a piece of ______ with a black _______ drawn on it.
Flask
Paper
Cross
Disappearing cross RP
- Using a different measuring ________, add __cm^3 of dilute h___________ acid to the conical flask. Immediately swirl the flask to mix it’s contents and start a ________.
Cylinder
10
Hydrochloric
Stopwatch
Disappearing cross RP
- M_______ and r________ the temperature of the reaction mixture.
Measure and record
Disappearing cross RP
- _______ down through the reaction mixture. When the cross is no longer __________, record the ____ on the stopwatch.
Look
Visible
Time
Disappearing cross RP
- Measure and record the t_________ of the reaction mixture, and clean the apparatus.
- Realest steps _____ with different s_____ temperatures of sodium t_______ solution.
Temperature
1-6
Starting
Thiosulfate
As you increase the concentration of sodium thiosulfate the rate of reaction ___________.
This is because as there are _____ particles in a set amount of space, there are more _______/successful collisions.
Increases
More
Frequent
How can you describe the relationship of a graph?
Is it linear (straight line graph)
Is it non-linear (curved graph)
“The rate of —— increases as —— increases”
Quote value descriptions (numbers)
What equipment do you use in the process of collecting a gas?
Beehive Delivery tube Water tough Clamp Measuring cylinder Water Dilute acid Magnesium ribbon
Describe the process of collecting a gas
Set up equipment.
Add Mg to the 30ml of 1M HCI.
Every 10 seconds record how much gas is produced.
Record your results in your table.
Repeat at different concentration.
The higher concentration of acid, rate of reaction increases.
Describe and explain how surface area changes the rate of reaction
in terms of particles and collisions
If the surface area of a reactant is increased:
- More particles are exposed to the other reactant.
- There are more collisions.
- The rate of reaction increases.
Rate = y/x
Gradient of tangents to calculate rate of reaction
You’re welcome for the free answer lols.
Describe and explain how pressure changed the rate of reaction
in terms of particles and collisions
The greater the frequency of successful collisions, the greater the rate of reaction.
If the pressure of a reacting gas is increased:
- the reactant particles become more crowded
- the frequency of collisions between reactant particles increases
- the rate of reaction increases
A catalyst is a substance that _______ up a reaction without being _____ up in the reaction itself.
This means that it’s not part of the ______ reaction equation.
Speeds
Used
Overall
Different catalysts are needed for ________ reactions, but they all work by __________ the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
They do this by providing an alternative reaction __________ with a _______ activation energy.
Different
Decreasing
Pathway
Lower
Enzymes are biological c_________ - they c________ reactions in living things.
Catalysts
Catalyse
What is a reaction profile?
A diagram showing the change in chemical particle energy,
referred to as the energy pathway,
as a chemical reaction proceeds from reactants to products.
