Rate of reactions

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

Elements are made of only one type of atom.

Question 2

What is a compound?

Answer 2

A compound is a substance made from two or more types of atom chemically bonded (in a pattern).

Question 3

What is a mixture?

Answer 3

A mixture is a substance made of two or more types of atoms that are not chemically bonded (no pattern).

Question 4

What are the physical properties of a metal?

Answer 4

1. High melting point and
   boiling point
2. Shiny/Lustrous
3. Malleable
4. Conductors
5. Grey (except Au/Cu)
6. high density

Question 5

What are the physical properties of a non-metal?

Answer 5

1. low melting point and
   boiling point
2. Dull
3. Brittle
4. Insulators
5. various colors
6. low density

Question 6

How does Mg react with oxygen?

Answer 6

Observations: burns with a white flame, produces a whit solid
Formula: MgO

Question 7

How does Ca react with oxygen?

Answer 7

Observations: burns with orange flame, produces white solid.

Question 8

How does Fe react with oxygen?

Answer 8

Observations: Burns with orange/red flame, produces brown solid.

Question 9

How does S react with oxygen?

Answer 9

Observations: burns with blue flame, produces colorless gas.

Question 10

How does C react with oxygen?

Answer 10

Observations: burns with red flame, produces carbon dioxide.

Question 11

When metals react with oxygen and water do they make an acid or base?

Answer 11

They make a Base.

Question 12

When non-metals react with oxygen and water do they make an acid or base?

Answer 12

They make an acid.

Question 13

metal + water =>

Answer 13

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 14

non-metal + water =>

Answer 14

Acid

Question 15

metal + water =>

Answer 15

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 16

How do Li, Na, K react with water?

Answer 16

Li: effervesces, temp. increase, element disappears, floats near the surface.

Na: effervesces, temp. increase, element disappears, floats near the surface, forms sphere. (prevented from moving, burns with yellow/orange flame)

K: effervesces, temp. increase, element disappears, floats near the surface, burns with lilac flame.

Question 17

How can you tell the reactivity of a metal by it’s place on the periodic table?

Answer 17

The lower and more to the left it is the more reactive it is.

Question 18

how can the reactions of metals with acids be used to identify a metal’s reactivity?

Answer 18

1. effervescing (slower/faster)
2. temp. increase (lower/higher)
3. metal disappears (faster/slower)

Question 19

What is displacement?

Answer 19

A reaction where a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element. (happens with an element and a compound)

Question 20

What is the reactivity series of the most common metals? (most reactive to least reactive)

Answer 20

K
Na
Li

Ca
Mg

Zn
Fe
Cu
Ag
Au

Question 21

What observations can be used to know if a displacement reaction has occurred?

Answer 21

Temp. change and color change.

Question 22

In electrolysis which side are the anode and cathode on?

Answer 22

The cathode is on the left (-)
The anode is on the right (+)

Question 23

In what side is the non-metal formed in electrolysis?

Answer 23

In the anode.

Question 24

In what side is the metal usually formed?

Answer 24

In the cathode or hydrogen from the water.

Question 25

How do MOST metals react with oxygen?

Answer 25

Metal oxide forms a protective layer around metal.

Question 26

Which metal(s) rust?

Answer 26

Only Iron rusts, because the protective layer does not for. Instead there are rust gaps that form and oxygen passes through them.

Question 27

iron + oxygen =>

Answer 27

Hydrated iron (III) oxide
Formula for rust.

Question 28

What is electroplating?

Answer 28

Electroplating is used to coat or cover metal objects with a 2nd metal.

Question 29

What is electrolysis?

Answer 29

Electrolysis is used to extract metals from there ores. It is especially used for extracting metals that are at the top of the reactivity series. Other metals can be extracted by using a displacement reaction. During electrolysis the metal is collected at the cathode.