Rate of Reactions Flashcards
What is the equation for rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction =
Amount of reactant used or product formed/
Time (s)
What units could be used for rate of reaction?
g/s
cm^3/s
mol/s
How can you measure the rate of reaction when a
gas is given off?
- Measure time and collect gas in an upside down
measuring cylinder in a trough of water or in a gas
syringe to measure the volume of gas produced. - Measure time and the change in mass.
How can you measure the rate of reaction when a
precipitate is formed?
Put a black cross below a beaker
containing one reactant. Time how long it
takes for the cross to disappear after the
second reactant is added.
Why is using the precipitation method to investigate
rate of a reaction not very accurate?
It’s subjective so people are likely to
disagree over the exact point at which
the cross is no longer visible.
How can you measure rate of reaction using a digital
balance?
When a gas is produced as this will cause mass
to decrease. The experiment can be carried out
on a digital balance and the rate of reaction can
be calculated by recording the mass at regular
time intervals.
What does the term ‘activation energy’ mean?
The minimum amount of energy required
for a reaction to occur between two
reacting particles
What must happen for a reaction to occur?
Particles must collide at the correct
orientation with sufficient energy to react.
In terms of particles, what 2 things could happen
when the rate of reaction increases?
- More frequent collisions.
- Energy of collisions increases.
How can the rate of a reaction be increased?
- Increase the temperature.
- Increase the concentration.
- Increase surface area to volume ratio.
- Add a catalyst.
- Increase the pressure (for gases).
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing temperature increases the rate of
reaction. This is because the reactants have more
energy so more particles have energy above the
activation energy meaning more collisions will be
successful. Collisions also occur more frequently
because the particles have more kinetic energy.
How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing the surface area of reactants increases the rate of reaction. This is because a greater surface area means there are more exposed particles so more frequent successful collisions.
How does a catalyst affect the rate of reaction?
A catalyst increases the rate of reaction. This is
because it provides an alternate reaction
pathway with a lower activation energy. More
particles will have sufficient energy to overcome
the activation energy and react so more
successful collisions occur in the same time
How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing concentration increases the rate
of reaction. This is because there are more
reacting particles in the same volume so
there are more frequent successful
collisions.
How does pressure affect the rate of a gaseous
reaction?
Increasing the pressure of a gaseous reaction
increases the rate of reaction. This is because there
are more reacting particles in the same volume of
gas (or the same number of particles in a smaller
volume) so more frequent successful collisions
occur
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid to produce
calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. How
could you measure the rate of reaction?
Since gaseous carbon dioxide is released,
the rate can be measured by using a digital
balance to measure the change in mass
over a period of time.
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid to produce
calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. How
could the rate of this reaction be increased?
- Increase the surface area of the marble
chips by turning them into a powder. - Increase concentration of acid.
- Increase temperature.
After completing an experiment, how can
you find the rate of reaction using a
graph?
Plot:
● X axis: time
● Y axis: amount of reactant used or product formed
Draw a tangent to a point on the graph and find the
gradient of this line to find the rate of reaction at that
time.
A graph showing time and the amount of gas given
off during an experiment has a steep gradient. What
does this tell you about the rate of the reaction?
Fast rate of reaction.
A graph is plotted to show time and the amount of gas given off during a reaction.
Describe the shape of the curve
Initially the curve is very steep as the rate of reaction is relatively fast at
the start.
The curve becomes less steep as the reactants get used up because
there are fewer successful collisions occurring.
At the end, the graph is a flat line because all the reactants have been
turned into products.
What is a catalyst?
A substance which speeds up the rate of
a reaction without being chemically
changed at the end.
How does a catalyst speed up the rate of a reaction?
It provides an alternate reaction pathway
with a lower activation energy.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes act as biological catalysts that
increase the rate of reactions in living
cells.
Which enzyme is used to produce ethanol from
glucose?
Yeast
