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biochem facts > rate limiting step enzymes > Flashcards

rate limiting step enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

cholesterol

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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2
Q

HMP shunt

A

glucose-6-dehydrogenase

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3
Q

ketogenesis

A

HMG-CoA synthase

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4
Q

glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

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5
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

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6
Q

TCA cycle

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

glycogenesis

A

glycogen synthase

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8
Q

glycogenolysis

A

glycogen phosphorylase

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9
Q

de novo pyrimidine synthesis

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

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10
Q

de novo purine synthesis

A

glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase

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11
Q

urea cycle / ornithine cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

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12
Q

fatty acid synthesis

A

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

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13
Q

fatty acid oxidation

A

carnitine acetyltransferase I

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14
Q

metabolism sites in mitochondria

A

(1) fatty acid oxidation (2) acetyl-CoA production (3) TCA (4) oxidative phosphorylation

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15
Q

metabolism site in both mitochondria and cytoplasm

A

HUGs take 2: heme synthesis, urea cycle, gluconeogenesis

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16
Q

ATP production

A

aerobic metabolism of glucose via malate-aspartate shuttle (in heart and liver) –> 32 ATP net.

aerobic metabolism of glucose via glycerol-3-phosphate in shuttle (muscle) –> 30 ATP

anaerobic metabolism of glucose –> 2 ATP

17
Q

arsenic of ATP production

A

arsenic causes glycolysis to produce ZERO net ATP

18
Q

NADH, NADPH, FADH2 carry…

A

electrons

19
Q

CoA, and lipoamide carry…

A

acyl groups

20
Q

biotin carries…

A

CO2

21
Q

tetrahydrofolates carry..

A

1-carbon units

22
Q

SAM carry…

A

CH3 group

23
Q

TPP carry…

A

aldehydes

24
Q

NAD+ vs NADPH

A

NAD+ generally used in CATABOLIC processes (carry reducing equivalents away). NADPH used in ANABOLIC processes, supply reducing equivalents in steroid, fatty acid synthesis)

25
Q

NADPH made.. used for.. (4)

A

NADPH made by HMP shunt. used for (1) anabolic processes (2) respiratory burst (3) cytochrome P-450 system (4) glutathione reductase

biochem facts (1 decks)

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