Rate and Extent of Chemical Reactions Flashcards
What is Rate of reaction
Rate reaction = how quickly:
1. reactants are used up
2. products are made
On a graph, The steeper the line..?
the steeper the line, the faster/higher the rate of reaction.
What factors that affect rate of reaction? (5)
- Catalyst
- Temperature
- concentration of solutions
- pressures/volumes
- larger surface area
What is the Collision theory?
Collision Theory = reacting particles need to collide with enough energy to cause a reaction to take place
What is Activation energy?
Activation Energy= the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place
How can you increase the rate of reaction?
You can increase the rate of reaction by:
1. Increase the energy of the particles when they collide
2. Increase the frequency of collisions
…. and so more successful collisions take place in a given time
How does adding a catalyst affect rate of reaction?
-it lowers the activation energy, which makes the amount of particles with a sufficient amount of activation energy increase, and so more successful collisions take place in a given time
How does increasing temperature affect rate of reaction?
it increases the energy of the particles when they collide and increases the frequency of collisions, and so more successful collisions take place at a given time
What is the thermal decomposition of Ammonium chloride?
Thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride:
NH4Cl. -> <- NH3 +. HCl (g)
(reversible reaction)
(need to memorise)
Reversible reaction of hydrated copper sulfate to anhydrous copper sulfate
hydrated copper sulfate. (blue) -> <- anhydrous copper sulfate (white)
(CuSO+4. 5H2O -> CuSO+4 + 5H2O)
If the forward reaction for reversible reactions is endothermic, the backwards reaction will be?
Exothermic (vice versa)
What is Equilibrium?
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction
What is Dynamic Equilibrium?
when the forward and backward reactions are continuously taking place (on an atomic level)
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
whenever a change in conditions occurs to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift so as to cancel out the change.
How to answer a equilibrium shift question?
According to Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium always shifts to oppose the change/ to cancel
out the effect of the change.
SO, ________(what’s happened) so equilibrium will want to ______ (opposite). For this to happen, the reaction must
go in the forward/backward direction, so equilibrium will shift to the right/left OR forward/backward
reaction.
