Rashes Flashcards
Larger than 5 mm in diameter
Patch
Flat lesion, it is a different color than the surrounding normal skin. White, brown and red. Example freckle
Macule
Small solid, elevated skin lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter, it top can be flat, pointed, or rounded. Seen in acne, fungal infections and lichen plants.
Papule
Small elevation of the skin cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells. Either white or red.
Pustule
Small fluid filled blister, less than 5 mm
Vesicle
More than 5 mm fluid filled blister with thin walls
Bulla
Caused by splitting or cracking
Fissures
Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis a lesion that is moist, circumscribed and usually depressed
Erosion
Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat.
Ulcer
1 to 2 mm, do not have a diameter more than 3mm
Petechiae
The area of bleeding within the skin is greater than 3 mm in diameter. Red and becomes darker then purple and brown yellow as it fades, it does not blanch
Purpurin
A macular red or purple hemorrhage in skin or mucous membrane more than 2mm in diameter. DIC
Ecchymosis
Typically presents in term neonates aged 3days to 2 weeks, benign self limited eruption occurring in healthy newborns, macular erythema, papules, vesicles and pustules and it resolves without permanent sequelae
Erythema Toxicum
Superficial epidermal inclusion cyst that contain laminated keratinized material, lesion is firm papule, 1-2mm and pearly opalescent white
Milia
Result only after a person touches certain substances and then exposes the to sunlight such substances includes sunscreens, aftershave lotion, certain perfumes, antibiotics, coal tar
Photo allergic Phototoxic Contact Dermatitis
-Skin inflammation caused by direct contact with particular substance -rash is confined to a specific area, and is clearly defined boundaries
CONTACT DERMATITIS
- occurs when a chemical substance causes direct damage to the skin -symptoms are more painful than itchy
- typical irritating substances acids, alkalis (such as drain cleaners) solvents ( such as acetone in nail polish remover ), strong soaps, and plants ( such as poinsettias and peppers)
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
- Is a reaction by the body’s immune system to a substance contacting the skin
- substances found in plants such as poison ivy, rubber ( latex), antibiotics, fragrance, preservatives, and some metals ( such as nickel and cobalt
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
Characterized by joined patches of erythema and scaling mainly seen on the convex surfaces, with the skin folds spared
Generic rash or irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD
Characterized by itchy blisters on the palms and sides of the fingers and sometimes on the on the soles of the feet. Also called dyshidrosis, which means “ abnormal sweating”. Fungal infection, contact dermatitis, or stress may be a factor as well as some ingested substances such as nickel, chromium, and cobalt. The blister are often scaly, red, and oozing.
POMPHOLYX
Cause an immediate skin reaction often resulting in redness and swelling in the injured area
FORMIC ACID
Chronic, itchy inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. Infants may develop red, oozing, crusted rashes on the face, scalp, diaper area, hands, arms, feet, or legs
ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Chronic inflammation that causes yellow, greasy scales to forms on the scalp and face and occasionally on other areas. Occurs most often in infants, usually within the first 3 months of life. More common among males, often familial, and is worse in cold weather
SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS
Flesh colored, dome- shaped, and pearly in appearance.
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
An itchy rash that is often worsened with bathing or at night. It is caused by a mite that burrows beneath the top layer of skin. It is spread by close bodily contact such as sleeping together or sharing of clothing. Mites can survive for several days in clothes, bedding, and dust.
SCABIES
The infecting organism is usually staphylococcus aureus or a beta- haemolytic streptococcus. Usually the predisposing factor is a breach of the skin
NON-BOLLOUS
Affect intact skin and is almost invariably caused by S. Aureus. It is more common in hot areas where sweating can macerate the skin.
BULLOUS IMPETIGO
Usually start as tiny pustules that evolve rapidly into honey- coloured crusted plaques. Usually on exposed areas of the face and extremities where bites, abrasions, lacerations, scratches, burns, or trauma have occurred. It spreads rapidly. Thre is little or no surrounding erythema or edema. Regional lymph nodes are often enlarged.
NON- BULLOUS LESIONS
Toxin- mediated erythroderma and involves the sloughing off the epidermal layer of the skin.
BULLOUS IMPETIGO
Superficial, intraepidermal, vesiculopustular infection ( and the most common skin infection in children).
VARIANTS
Deeper, ulcerated impetigo infection, often occurring with lymphadenitis. The infection is caused by group A Streptococci. Or staphylococcus aureus.
ECTHYMA
A common cause of erythema multiforme
Herpes simplex infection
A lesion occurs along the line of trauma and it’s typical of psoriasis and lichen planus
Kobner’s phenomenon( erythema multiforme)
Disorder of pilosebaceous follicles found in the upper extremities and upper trunk, comedones may be open or closed. Inflammation leads to papules, pustules and nodules.
Acne
Fungal infection caused dermatophytes, they tend to grow outward on skin producing ring like pattern, “ringworm”
Tinea
Usually occurs in men, typically erythematous with clearing and raised edge
Tines cruris
The skin lesion have annular scaly plaques with raised edges, there may be vesicles and pustules, lesion are overlapping concentric circles or even herpetiform subcorneal vesicle and pustule
Tina corporis
Usually with tinea pedis, typically just affects one hand, scaling and redness, steroid may exacerbate
Tinea manuum
Affects the beard area, redness scaling and pustules are common
Tinea barbae
It can cause hair loss with broken hairs at the surface. Its clinical appearance is variable.
TINEA CAPITIS
Separation of the nail from the nail bed commonly occurs.
ONYCHOLYSIS
Useful for tinea capital
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT( Wood’s light)
Acute, self- limiting skin condition. A primary plaque ( herald patch ) is followed by a distinctive, generalized itchy rash 1-2 weeks later. The rash lasts for approximately 2-3 weeks. Lesions are typically oval, dull pink and appear in a ‘Christmas tree’ distribution, usually on the trunk and the upper arms and legs.
PITYRIASIS ROSEA
Rheumatic disease of unknown cause, is characterized by autoantibodies directed against self antigens, leading to inflammatory damage of many target organs including the joints,kidneys,blood-forming cells,and the central nervous system.The diagnosis of lupus is confirm by the combination of clinical and laboratory manifestation revealing multisystem disease.The presences of 4 of11 criteria
System lupus erythematosus
“Classic triad”=Purpura,arthritis and abdominal pain.HSP is systemic vasculitis(inflammation of blood vessels)and is characterized by deposition of immune complexes containing the antibody lgA.
Henchmen schoinlein Purpura
Abnormally low plate count(thrombocytopenia)of no known causes (idiopathic).Rated to the production of antibodies against platelets.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic Purpura
An immune -complex-mediated hypersensitivity complex.It range from mild skin and mucous membrane lesion to a serve,sometimes fatal systemic disorder.Ocular symptom:ulcerative conjunctivitis,keratitis,iritis,uveitis and sometimes blindness.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
