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FA > Rapid Review Laboratory Findings > Flashcards

Rapid Review Laboratory Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)

A

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

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2
Q

Emphysema (“pink puffer,” centriacinar [tobacco smoking] or panacinar [α1 -antitrypsin deficiency])

A

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

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3
Q

Chronic bronchitis (hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands, “blue bloater”)

A

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

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4
Q

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

A

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

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5
Q

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene Ž-> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

A

Colonies of Pseudomonas in lungs

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6
Q

Down syndrome

A

High β-hCG, low PAPP-A on first trimester screening

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7
Q

Vitamin B 12 deficiency

A

High serum homocysteine, high methylmalonic acid, low folate

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8
Q

Drug-induced lupus

A

Anti-histone antibodies

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9
Q

Thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome)

A

Low T cells, low PTH, low Ca2+, absent thymic shadow on CXR

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10
Q

Optochin sensitivity

A

Sensitive: S pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci

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11
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: S epidermidis; resistant: S saprophyticus

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12
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

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13
Q

Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

A

Hilar lymphadenopathy
Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

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14
Q

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

A

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

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15
Q

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy, megacolon, megaesophagus

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16
Q

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV infection)

A

Atypical lymphocytes, heterophile antibodies

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17
Q

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

A

Narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis (Steeple sign) on x-ray

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18
Q

Negri bodies of rabies

A

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

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19
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

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20
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

A

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

21
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

22
Q

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

A

“Delta wave” on ECG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

23
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on ECG)

24
Q

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

A

Empty-appearing nuclei with central clearing of thyroid cells

25
Q

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

A

“Brown” tumor of bone

26
Q

1° hyperaldosteronism (eg, Conn syndrome)

A

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

27
Q

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

A

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

28
Q

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

A

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

29
Q

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

A

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

30
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

A

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

31
Q

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

A

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

32
Q

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

A

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

33
Q

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration; KayserFleischer rings due to copper accumulation)

A

Low serum ceruloplasmin

34
Q

Megaloblastic anemia (vitamin B 12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils

35
Q

Sideroblastic anemias, thalassemias

A

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

36
Q

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

A

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

37
Q

β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

A

“Hair on end” (“crew cut”) appearance on x-ray

38
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia

A

Anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies

39
Q

DVT, DIC

A

High level of d-dimers

40
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

A

Giant B cells with bilobed nucleus with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

41
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere and swan neck deformities)

A

IgM antibody that targets IgG Fc region

42
Q

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

A

Rhomboid crystals, ⊕ birefringent

43
Q

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

A

Needle-shaped, ⊝ birefringent crystals

44
Q

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

A

High uric acid levels

45
Q

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

46
Q

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

A

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

47
Q

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

A

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

48
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

A

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

49
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

RBC casts in urine

FA (3 decks)

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