Rapid Review Flashcards
Renal tubular acidosis associated with abnormal H secretion and kidney stones
Type 1 (distal)
RTA associated with abnormal HCO3 and rickets
Type 2 (proximal)
RTA associated with aldosterone defect
Type 4 (distal)
Doughy skin
Hypernatremia
Ddx of hypervolemic hyponatremia
1) Cirrhosis
2) CHF
3) Nephritic syndrome
Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
Hypocalcemia
Most common causes of hypercalcemia
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T wave flattening and U waves
HypoK
Peaked T waves and wide QRS
HyperK
First line treatment for moderate hyperCa
IV hydration and loop diuretics
Type of ARF in a patient with a FeNa of less than 1%
Prerenal
49 year old man presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
Most common type of nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalate
20 year old man presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. US shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
Cerebral berry aneurysms (autosomal dominant PCKD)
Hematuria, HTN, oliguria
Nephritic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidema, edema
Nephrotic syndrome
Most common form of nephrotic syndrome
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Most common form of glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)
Glomerulonephritis with deafness
Alport’s Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis
Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s Syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eosinophils in urine sediment
Allergic-interstitial nephritis
Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)
Nephrotic syndrome
Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea and a pericardial friction rub
uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure
55 M diagnosed with prostate cancer. Tx options?
Wait, surgical resection, radiation and/or androgen suppression
Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality
DI
Treatment of SIADH
Fluid restriction, demeclocycline
Hematuria, flank pain and palpable flank mass
RCC
Testicular cancer associated with B-hCG and AFP
Choriocarcinoma
Most common type of testicular cancer
Seminoma, a type of germ cell tumor
Most common histology of bladder cancer
Transitional cell carcinoma
Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinolysis
Salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid base disturbance?
Anion gap acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation
Acid base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women
Respiratory alkalosis
Three systemic diseases that lead to nephrotic syndrome
DM, SLE, amyloidosis
Elevated EPO level, elevated Hct, normal O2 saturation suggest
RCC or other EPO-producing tumor. Evaluate with CT
55 M presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Tx options?
Likely BPH. Options include no treatment, terazosin, finasteride, surgical intervention (TURP)
