Rapid Review Flashcards
Risk factors for DVT
Stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability (Virchow’s triad)
Criteria for exudative effusion
Pleural/serum protein greater than 0.5
Pleural/serum LDH greater than 0.6
Causes of exudative effusion
Think of leaky capillaries
1) Malignancy
2) TB
3) Bacterial or viral infection
4) PE with infarct
5) Pancreatitis
Causes of transudative effusion
Think of intact capillaries
1) CHF
2) Liver or kidney disease
3) protein-losing enteropathy
Normalizing PCO2 in a patient having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?
Fatigue and impending respiratory failure
Sarcoidosis
Dyspnea, lateral hilar LAD on CXR, noncaseating granulomas, increased ACE, hypercalcemia
PFTs of obstructive pulmonary disease
Lower FEV1/FVC
PFTs of restrictive pulmonary disease
Higher FEV1/FVC
Lower TLC
Honeycomb pattern on CXR. Tx?
Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care. Steroids may help.
Treatment for SVC Syndrome
Radiation
Treatment for mild persistent asthma
Inhaled B-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids
Treatment for COPD exacerbation
O2, bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids with taper, smoking cessation
Treatment for chronic COPD
Smoking cessation, home O2, B-agonists, anticholinergics, systemic or inhaled steroids, flu and pneumococcal vaccines
Acid base disorder in PE
respiratory alkalosis with hypoxia and hypocarbia
Non small cell lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia
SCC
Lung cancer associated with SIADH
SCLC
Lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure
SCLC
Tall caucasian man presents with acute SOB. Dx? Tx?
Spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous regression; supplemental O2 may be helpful
Treatment of tension pneumo
Immediate needle thoracostomy
Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule
1) Age over 45-50
2) Lesions new or larger in comparison to old films
3) Absence of calcification or irregular calcification
4) Size more than 2cm
5) Irregular margins
ARDS
Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Sequelae of asbestos exposure
1) Pulmonary fibrosis
2) Pleural plaques
3) Bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung field)
4) Mesothelioma (pleural mass)
Increased risk of what infection with silicosis?
Myco tuberculosis
Causes of hypoxemia
1) Right to left shunt
2) Hypoventilation
3) Low inspired O2 tension
4) Diffusion defect
5) V/Q mismatch
Classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema
Cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vessels, Kerley B lines, “bat wing” appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing
Westermark’s sign and Hampton’s hump
CXR findings suggestive of PE
