Rapid Review

Question 1

Risk factors for DVT

Answer 1

Stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability (Virchow’s triad)

Question 2

Criteria for exudative effusion

Answer 2

Pleural/serum protein greater than 0.5

Pleural/serum LDH greater than 0.6

Question 3

Causes of exudative effusion

Answer 3

Think of leaky capillaries

1) Malignancy
2) TB
3) Bacterial or viral infection
4) PE with infarct
5) Pancreatitis

Question 4

Causes of transudative effusion

Answer 4

Think of intact capillaries

1) CHF
2) Liver or kidney disease
3) protein-losing enteropathy

Question 5

Normalizing PCO2 in a patient having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?

Answer 5

Fatigue and impending respiratory failure

Question 6

Sarcoidosis

Answer 6

Dyspnea, lateral hilar LAD on CXR, noncaseating granulomas, increased ACE, hypercalcemia

Question 7

PFTs of obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 7

Lower FEV1/FVC

Question 8

PFTs of restrictive pulmonary disease

Answer 8

Higher FEV1/FVC

Lower TLC

Question 9

Honeycomb pattern on CXR. Tx?

Answer 9

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care. Steroids may help.

Question 10

Treatment for SVC Syndrome

Answer 10

Radiation

Question 11

Treatment for mild persistent asthma

Answer 11

Inhaled B-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids

Question 12

Treatment for COPD exacerbation

Answer 12

O2, bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids with taper, smoking cessation

Question 13

Treatment for chronic COPD

Answer 13

Smoking cessation, home O2, B-agonists, anticholinergics, systemic or inhaled steroids, flu and pneumococcal vaccines

Question 14

Acid base disorder in PE

Answer 14

respiratory alkalosis with hypoxia and hypocarbia

Question 15

Non small cell lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia

Answer 15

SCC

Question 16

Lung cancer associated with SIADH

Answer 16

SCLC

Question 17

Lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure

Answer 17

SCLC

Question 18

Tall caucasian man presents with acute SOB. Dx? Tx?

Answer 18

Spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous regression; supplemental O2 may be helpful

Question 19

Treatment of tension pneumo

Answer 19

Immediate needle thoracostomy

Question 20

Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule

Answer 20

1) Age over 45-50
2) Lesions new or larger in comparison to old films
3) Absence of calcification or irregular calcification
4) Size more than 2cm
5) Irregular margins

Question 21

ARDS

Answer 21

Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Question 22

Sequelae of asbestos exposure

Answer 22

1) Pulmonary fibrosis
2) Pleural plaques
3) Bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung field)
4) Mesothelioma (pleural mass)

Question 23

Increased risk of what infection with silicosis?

Answer 23

Myco tuberculosis

Question 24

Causes of hypoxemia

Answer 24

1) Right to left shunt
2) Hypoventilation
3) Low inspired O2 tension
4) Diffusion defect
5) V/Q mismatch

Question 25

Classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema

Answer 25

Cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vessels, Kerley B lines, “bat wing” appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing

Question 26

Westermark’s sign and Hampton’s hump

Answer 26

CXR findings suggestive of PE