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Cardiovascular > Rapid Review > Flashcards

Rapid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter

A

Sawtooth P waves

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2
Q

Definition of unstable angina

A

Angina that is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest

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3
Q

Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria

A

ACEi

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4
Q

Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade

A

Hypotension

Distant heart sounds

JVD

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5
Q

Drugs that slow HR

A

B-blockers

CCBs

Digoxin

Amiodarone

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6
Q

Hypercholesterolemia tx that leads to flushing and pruritus

A

Niacin

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7
Q

Murmur - HOCM

A

Systolic ejection heard along lateral sternal border that increases with lower preload (Valsalva)

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8
Q

Murmur - AR

A

Austin Flint murmur

Diastolic, decrescendo low-pitched blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up.

Increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver)

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9
Q

Murmur - AS

A

Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck

Increases with increased preload (squatting maneuver)

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10
Q

Murmur - MR

A

Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla

Increases with increased afterload (handgrip)

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11
Q

Murmur - MS

A

Diastolic, mid-to-late low pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap

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12
Q

Treatment for AFib and AFlutter

A

If unstable, cardiovert

If stable or chronic, rate control with CCBs or B-blockers

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13
Q

Tx for VFib

A

Immediate cardioversion

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14
Q

Dressler’s Syndrome

A

An autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR occurring 2-4w post MI

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15
Q

IV drug use with JVD and a holosytolic murmur at the L sternal border. Tx?

A

Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve.

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16
Q

Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Echo (showing thickened LV wall and outflow obstruction)

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17
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

A decrease in systolic BP of more than 10 mmHg with inspiration

Seen in cardiac tamponade

18
Q

Classic ECG findings in pericarditis

A

Low-voltage, diffuse ST segment elevation

19
Q

Definition of HTN

A

BP above 140/90 on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart

20
Q

8 surgically correctable causes of HTN

A

1) Renal artery stenosis
2) Coarctation of the aorta
3) Pheochromocytoma
4) Conn’s Syndrome
5) Cushing’s Syndrome
6) Unilateral renal parenchymal disease
7) Hyperthyroidism
8) Hyperparathyroidism

21
Q

Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit

A

Abdominal US and CT

22
Q

Indications for surgical repair of AAA

A

Greater than 5.5 cm

Rapidly enlarging

Symptomatic

Ruptured

23
Q

Tx for ACS

A 
ASA
Heparin
Clopidogrel
Morphine
O2
Sublingual Nitro
IV B-blockers
24
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Abdominal obesity

High TGs

Low HDL

HTN

Insulin resistance

Prothrombic or proinflammatory states

25
Q

Appropriate diagnostic test?
1) 50 yo M with stable angina can exercise to 85% of maximum predicted HR

2) 65 yo F with LBBB and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina

A

1) Exercise stress treadmill with ECG

2) Pharm stress test (dobutamine echo)

26
Q

Target LDL in patient with diabetes

A

Less than 70

27
Q

Signs of active ischemia during stress testing

A

Angina

ST segment changes on ECG

Lower BP

28
Q

ECG findings suggesting MI

A

ST segment elevation (depression means ischemia)

Flattened T waves and Q waves

29
Q

Coronary territories in MI

A

Anterior wall (LAD/Diagonal)

Inferior (PDA)

Posterior (L circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal)

Septum (LAD/diagonal)

30
Q

Young patient with angina at rest and ST segment elevation with normal cardiac enzymes

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

31
Q

Common symptoms associated with silent MIs

A

CHF

Shock

AMS

32
Q

Diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism

A

Spiral CT with contrast

33
Q

Protamine

A

reverses effects of heparin

34
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Coagulation parameter affected by warfarin

35
Q

Young patient with FHx of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

36
Q

Endocarditis ppx regimens

A

Oral surgery - amoxicillin for certain situations

GI or GU procedures - not recommended

37
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Stasis

Hypercoagulability

Endothelial damage

38
Q

Most common cause of HTN in young women

A

OCPs

39
Q

Most common cause of HTN in young men

A

Excessive EtOH

40
Q

Figure 3 sign

A

aortic coarctation

41
Q

Water-bottle shaped heart

A

Pericardial effusion. Look for pulsus paradoxus

Cardiovascular (16 decks)

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