Rapid Fire Facts - DIT Flashcards
1
Q
Continuous Machinery-like heart murmur
A
Patent Ductus Arteries (PDA)
2
Q
“Boot Shaped Heart”
A
Tetralogy of Fallot (infant) - RV Hypertrophy (COPD, pHTN, Adults)
3
Q
Rib Notching
A
Coarctation of the Aorta
4
Q
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
A
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
5
Q
Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
6
Q
Sensitivity
A
A/(A+C), PID {positive in disease], 1-false negative rate
7
Q
Specificity
A
D/(D+B), NIH [negative in health]
8
Q
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
A
A/(A+B), will increased with increased disease prevalence
9
Q
Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
A
D/(D+C), will decreased with increased disease prevalence
10
Q
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascities
A
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
11
Q
Green/yellow corneal deposits
A
Wilson Disease
12
Q
Low Serum Ceruloplasmin
A
Wilson Disease
13
Q
Cirrhosis, Diabetes and hyperpigmentation
A
Hemochromatosis
14
Q
Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
A
HBV, HCV, Wilson, Hemochromatosis, α1 antitrypsin deficiency, Hepatic adenoma, Alcoholic cirrhosis
15
Q
Uniateral facial drooping involving the forehead
A
Bell Palsy
16
Q
Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
A
Horner Syndrome
17
Q
Most common Thyroid Cancer
A
Papillary Carcinoma
18
Q
Cold Intolerance
A
Hypothyroism
19
Q
Enlarged thyroid cell with ground-glass nuclei
A
“orphan Anne eyes” - Papillary Carcinoma
20
Q
Relative Risk
A
A/(A+B) / C/(C+D)
21
Q
Odds Ratio
A
A/B / C/D
22
Q
Attributable Risk
A
A (exposed) - C (not exposed)
23
Q
Absolute risk reduction
A
C/(C+D) [not tx] - A/(A+B) [tx]
24
Q
Number needed to treat
A
1/Absolute risk reduction
25
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
26
Most common malignant skin tumor
Basal Cell Carcinoma
27
Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes, with hemolytic anemia
Cold Agglutinins
28
Red urine in the morning, and fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
29
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly Bodies
30
Autosplenectomy
Sickle Cell Disease
31
Drug used to treat sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea
32
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV Patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)
33
Prophylaxis for Cryptococcus in AIDS patients
Fluconazole
34
Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
35
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
Oral potassium iodine or Itraconazole
36
Treatment for oral candidiasis
Nystatin or fluconazole
37
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
Amphotericin B
38
Antiplatelet Antibodies
ITP
39
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier disease
40
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand Disease
41
Low Potency Neuroleptic Drugs
Chlorpromazine, thioridazine
42
Clozapine
Agranulocytosis
43
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis
44
Vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture syndrome and Wegener Granulomatosis
45
Anti-flomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome
46
Honeycomb lung on x-ray
Interstitial Fibrosis
47
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules (Eosinophilic Granulomatosis)
48
Treatment for Chronic hepatitis
Interferon - α
49
Most common cause of neural tube defects
Folate deficiency
50
Most common cause of congenital malformation in the US
Alcohol Use
51
Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
52
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan Syndrome
53
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport Syndrome
54
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bell's Palsy
55
"worse headache of my life"
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
56
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural Hemorrhage
57
Bloody CSF on LP
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
58
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
Rupture of Bridging Veins
59
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of Middle Meningeal Artery
60
Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia
Dantrolene
61
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
62
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
Valproic Acid, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine
63
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer Disease)
64
Drooling Farmer
Organophosphate Poisoning
65
Medial treatment for pheochromocytoma
α-antagonist
66
Selective α-antagonist used to treat BPH
Tamsulosin
67
Bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
Aortic Regurgitation
68
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persistant fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler Syndrome
69
Bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget Disease of the Bone
70
Vertebral compression fractures
Osteoporosis
71
Positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
72
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
73
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
74
Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
Osteoarthritis
75
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
Gout
76
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
Pseudogout
77
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
Gout
78
Bamboo spine on x-ray
Ankylosing Spondylitis
79
HLA-B27
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
80
Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
SLE
81
Anti-histone antibodies
Drug induced lupus
82
Anti-centromere antibodies
CREST Scleroderma
83
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma
84
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies
Polymyositis
85
Anti-SSA and Anti-SSB antibodies
Sjogren syndrome
86
Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
SLE
87
Arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes
Sjogren syndrome
88
Most common cause of death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy/nephritis
89
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
90
Most common malignant skin tumor
Basal Cell Carcinoma
91
Most Common cancer in men
Prostate Carcinoma
92
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
Benign Prostatic HyperPLASIA
93
Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
94
Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei
Koilocytes (HPV infections)
95
Diesthylstilbestrol (DES) exposure
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
96
Most common tumor in women
leiomyoma
97
Most common gynecologic malignancy in the US
Endometrial carcinoma
98
Most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide
Cervical Carcinoma
99
Chocolate cyst of the ovary
Endometriosis
100
Most common benign ovarian tumor
Serous Cystadenoma
101
Most common malignant ovarian tumor
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
102
Disarrayed granolas cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-exner bodies (Granulosa-thecal cell tumors)
103
Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
104
Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X Syndrome
105
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turner Syndrome
106
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
Trisomy 18 (Edward Syndrome)
107
Most common cancer in women in the US
Breast Cancer
108
Most common benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
109
Most common malignant breast tumor
Invasive ductal carcinoma
110
Blue dome cyst in the breast
Fibrocystic Change
111
Treatment for ER (+) breast cancer
Tamoxifen
112
Red, Itchy, Swollen rash on the areola and nipple
Paget Disease of the Breast
113
Branching, filamentous Gram (+) rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
114
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
S. aureus and Bacillus cereus
115
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
116
Most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
117
Most common bacteria in a patient with strive kidney stones
Proteus (then Staph)
118
Standard treatment for T. pallidum
Penicillin G
119
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
120
A non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Chancre of primary syphilis
121
Moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
Condylomata late of secondary syphilis
122
Large bull's eye rash
Erythema migrants due to Lyme disease
123
Calcified granuloma in the lungs, plus hillier lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex
124
Back pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Pott's Disease
125
Standard treatment regiment for TB
Rifampin, INH, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (RIPE)
126
Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (Job syndrome)
127
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
128
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Babinski reflex
129
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, and positive babinski sign
Upper Motor Neuron lesion
130
Hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, and muscle atrophy
Lower Motor Neuron lesion
131
Depigmentation of the substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease
132
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington Disease
133
Eosinophilic inclusions of in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy Bodies
134
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
135
Degeneration of the dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis
136
Demyelination disease in a young woman
Multiple sclerosis
137
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
138
Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
139
Most Common cause of dementia
Alzheimer Disease
140
Second most common cause of dementia
Multi-infarct dementia
141
Extracellular amyloid deposits in the grey matter
Alzheimer Disease
142
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Alzheimer Disease
143
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau proteins seen on silver stain
Pick disease (Frontal-temporal dementia)
144
Dysphagia, glossitis, and iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
145
Hematemesis with retching
Mallory Weiss tear
146
Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus
Signet ring cell (Gastric Cancer, LCIS)
147
Most common type of stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
148
Ovarian Metastasis from gastric cancer
Krukenberg Tumor
149
Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
150
Acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
Cushing ulcer
151
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer
152
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy and hyperpigmentation
Whipple disease
153
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease
154
Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
Folic acid
155
Most common surgery emergency
Appendicitis
156
Term for severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's Point
157
Most common cancer of the appendix
Carcinoid Tumor
158
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
159
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
160
"Apple core" lesion on barium enema
Colon Cancer
161
Most common site of colonic diverticula
Sigmoid Colon
162
"String sign" on contrast x-ray
Crohn Disease
163
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast x-ray
Ulcerative Colitis
164
Painless jaundice
Pancreatic Cancer
165
Most common causes of acute pancreatitis
Gallstones & Alcohol
166
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
167
Severe Hyperbilirubininemia in a neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (Type I)
168
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert Syndrome
169
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
Fatty Liver Disease
170
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory Bodies
171
Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
172
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
173
Green/yellow corneal deposits
Kayser-Fleischer rings (Wilson Disease)
174
Low serum ceruloplasm
Wilson Disease
175
Cirrhosis, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation
Hemochromatosis (Bronze diabetes)
176
Chronic sinusitis, infertility and situs inversus
Kartagener Syndrome
177
Elevated D-dimer
PE, DVT
178
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis in blood
Virchow's Triad
179
Blue bloater
Hypoxemia, hypercapnia (Chronic bronchitis)
180
Pink puffer
Dyspnea, hyperventilation (Emphysema)
181
Curschmann's Spirals
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs (Asthma)
182
Most common cause of pulmonary hypertension
COPD
183
Bilateral hilar adenopaty, uveitis
Sarcoidosis
184
Vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture, Wegener
185
Anti-glomerular basement membrane autibodies
Goodpasture
186
Honey comb lung on x-ray
Interstitial fiborsis
187
"tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules
188
Iron-Containing nodules in the alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies`
189
Lung Cancer associated with SIADH
Small Cell Lung Cancer
190
Tumor associated with Horner Syndrome
Pancoast Tumor
191
Splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
Infective endocarditis
192
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (infective endocarditis)
193
Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
194
Heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis
Tricuspid valve
195
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff Bodies (rheumatic heart disease)
196
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
Left Atrial Myxoma
197
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
198
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
US; SLE - Developing world:TB
199
Cold, pale painful digits
Raynaud phenomenon
200
c-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
201
p-ANCA
MIcroscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss
202
Treatment for Buerger disease
Smoking cessation
203
Treatment for temporal arteritis
High-dose steroids
204
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates
Group B Strep
205
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis
206
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults
S. pneumoniae
207
Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user
S. aureus, Psedomonas
208
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patient
Salmonella
209
Most common reportable STD
Chlamydia
210
Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Primary Syphilis
211
Painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate
Chancroid
212
Stippled vaginal epithelial cell on a wet prep of vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis (Gardenella)
213
Common treatment for syphilis
Penicillin G
214
Common treatment for Trichomonas
Metronidazole
215
Common treatment for Chlamydia
Doxycycline or Azithromycin
216
Common treatment for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
217
A boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
218
Orotic acid in the urine and elevations in serum ammonia
OTC deficiency
219
Orotic acid in the urine and no elevation in serum ammonia
Orotic aciduria
220
Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12
Orotic aciduria
221
Most common medication of ADHD
Methylphenidate
222
Most common medication of bulimia
SSRIs (Fluoxitine)
223
Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
224
Most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
Alcoholics Anonymous
225
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
226
Treatment for central DI
Desmopressin
227
Treatment for Nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, Indomethacin, amiloride
228
Treatment for lithium-induced neprhogenic DI
Amiloride
229
Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules (Diabetic Nephropathy)
230
Glomerulonephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener), Goodpasture syndrome
231
Red Cell Cast
Acute Glomerulonephritis
232
Waxy Cast
Chronic Renal Failure
233
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis
234
Most common renal tumor
Renal Cell Carcinoma
235
Most common type of renal stone
Calcium stone
236
Type of renal stone associated with Proteus vulgaris
Struvite stone
237
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
Lead Poisoning
238
Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
Vitamin D
239
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin
Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency)
240
Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance in a postpartum woman
Sheehan Syndrome
241
Infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopsia
Prolactinoma
242
Most common causes of Cushing syndrome
1) Exogenous, 2) Ectopic, 3) Pituitary adenoma 4) Adrenal tumor
243
Most common tumor of the adrenal
Benign, non-fuctioning adrenal adenoma
244
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults
Pheochromocytoma
245
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
Neuroblastoma
246
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal adenoma
247
Medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone or Eplerenone
248
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine (non-selective α-blocker)
249
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN2A
250
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas
MEN2B
251
Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Addison disease
252
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
253
Most common thyroid cancer
Papillary Carcinoma
254
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
255
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Papillary cancer of the thyroid
256
Standard treatment for DKA
IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement
257
Standard treatment for type 1 DM
Insulin
258
Standard treatment for type 2 DM
Low-carb diet, weight loss, oral hypoglycemic drug, insulin
259
Most common cause of hypercalcemia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
260
Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
261
Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Chronic renal failure
262
Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
Accidental parathyroidectomy
263
Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek
Chvostek's sign
264
Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN1
265
Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
Heparin or LMWH
266
Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
267
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
Heparin or LMWH
268
Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning, Sideroblastic anemia (TAILS)
269
Hypersegmented, neutrophils
Megaloblastic Anemia
270
Skull x-ray shows a "hair-on-end" appearance
β-thalassemia
271
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning
272
Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia
273
Red urine in the morning, and fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobiuria
274
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
275
Autosplenectomy
Sickle cell disease
276
Drug uses to treat sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea
277
Cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
278
Sheets of lymphoid cells, with a "starry sky" appearance
Burkitt Lymphoma
279
Large B cell with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye nucleus"
Reed-strenberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
280
Antiplatelet antibodies
Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
281
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier disease
282
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willbrand Disease
283
"Smudge" cells
CLL
284
"Punched out" lytic bone lesions
Multiple Myeloma
285
RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma)
286
Monoclonal spike
Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstrom macroglobuliemia
287
Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blast
Auer rods (AML)
288
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV-8)
289
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
290
Large cell with Owl's Eye inclusions
CMV
291
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
Downey Cells ( HSV, CMV)
292
Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
Parvovirus B19
293
Child with a fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face that spreads to the body
Fifth disease (Parvovirus B19)
294
Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash
Rubeola (Measles)
295
Small irregular blue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
Kopek's spots (Measles)
296
Treatment for CMV
Ganciclovir
297
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
298
Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole
299
Owl's eye protozoan
Giardia lamblia
300
Treatment for oral candidiasis
Nystatin, fluconazole
301
Most common opportunistic infection for HIV patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii
302
Prophylaxis for Cryptococcus in AIDS patients
Fluconazole
303
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
Fluonazole, Amphotericin B, echinocandin
304
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
Itraconazole, potassium iodide
305
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV patient
Toxoplasmosis gondii
306
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole
307
Most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
308
Most common helminth infection in the US
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)
309
Second most common helminth infection in the US
Ascaris lumbricoides
